熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)的制作和性能研究

采用铸带法制备电极 (阴极和阳极 )、电解质基材和片材等电池部件 ,并组装出电极面积为 140× 2 40mm2 的熔融碳酸盐燃料单电池和电池组 (由 8个单电池构成 )。研究了单电池在不同温度下工作性能以及多次热循环对电池性能的影响。结果表明 ,电池具有较好的输出性能和一定的耐冷热冲击能力。单电池与电池组的功率密度很接近 ,说明电池内的流场设计可行。分别以空气和氢气为氧化剂和燃料气体 ,在常压 ,6 5 0℃ ,电流密度 130mA cm2条件下 ,电池的功率密度接近 0 1W cm2 ,电池组输出峰值功率达到了 2 80W以上。     

200W MCFC电池组的电化学性能及热平衡计算

MCFC电池组 (6对电池 ,电极面积 2 2 6cm2 )在 0 .9MPa/cm2 反应气压下 ,输出功率为2 17.6W .热平衡计算表明 ,该电池组在 30 0mA/cm2 电流密度下放电 ,当气体利用率为 2 0 %时 ,电池组处于热平衡状态下运行 .若维持此热平衡 (电池组内最高温度为 70 0℃ ,运行温度 6 5 0℃ )状态且提高反应气体利用率 ,则电池组热平衡点的电流密度将下降 ,以空气 +CO2 为氧化剂 ,H2 +CO2 为燃料气时 ,在不同气体利用率下电池组热平衡点的电流密度均大于 10 0mA/cm2 .提高电池组的输出功率 ,热电效率将下降 ;提高反应气压 ,热电效率相应提高     

千瓦级熔融碳酸盐燃料电池堆

1.5kW级熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（molten carbonate fuel cell,MCFC）堆由15个电极面积为250mm×400mm的单电池组成.系统采用内部分配方式供给气体,通过设在电池堆上、下部和四个侧面的电炉丝进行加热.在常压和650℃条件下,分别以氢气和空气作燃料和氧化剂,经过4次热循环,电池堆的开路电压依然保持在16.33V,在运行144h后,电池堆在150mAcm^-2放电时,其峰值输出功率为1.48kW,在工作电压10.5V（平均每个单电池的工作电压为0.7V）条件下输出功率基本不变,达到825W.     

隔膜和熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (MCFCS)性能的研究(英文)

用γ LiAO2 粉料和带铸法制备电池隔膜。隔膜有很高的阻窜能力和较低的欧姆极化。在电流密度为 2 0 0和 2 4 6mA/cm2 下放电时 ,用此膜组装的电池组 (三对电池 ,电极面积为 12 2cm2 )输出电压分别为 2 .0 1和 1.78V ,输出功率达 53.4W .于 2 0 0和 30 0mA/cm2 下放电时 ,单电池 (电极面积为 2 8cm2 )输出电压分别高于 0 .85和 0 .75V ,输出功率约 6 .6W .补偿隔膜收缩导致电池性能的提高 .     

氧化还原电池组等效电路模型

本文综合考虑氧化还原二次电池内部的电化学反应和电池组漏电电流,建立了氧化还原电池组的等效电路模型. 以1 kW额定输出功率的全钒液流储能电池组为例,测试电池组暂态响应和自放电曲线,确定了等效电路模型的重要参数,比较模拟结果与实验结果,计算电池组的内阻和自放电电流,可知漏电电流造成的容量损失约占系统总容量损失的60%左右.     

阳极负载型SOFC阳极基底厚度对性能的影响

制备不同厚度阳极负载型YSZ薄膜固体氧化物燃料电池 ,并对电池的极化、放电性能进行了测试 .结果表明 ,电池的性能明显受阳极性能的影响 ,阳极过电位大的原因之一是受多孔阳极气体扩散的影响 .降低阳极基底的厚度 ,阳极过电位明显减小 ,电池性能明显提高 .当阳极基底厚度为 0 .5mm时 ,在 80 0℃工作温度下 ,电池的功率密度达到 0 .1 9W·cm- 2 ,较之阳极厚度为 1 .0mm的电池性能提高近 1 .5倍 (0 .1 3W·cm- 2 ) .     

可用作便携式电源的高性能直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池组（英文）

报道了一种直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池(DC-SOFC)电池组。该电池组由3个单节管式电池串接而成。为使电池组能够承载更多的碳,阳极制备在管状电池的外壁。此三节电池组直接以碳为燃料,空气中的氧气为氧化剂运行。该电池组的有效面积为10.2 cm~2,以17 g负载5%(w)Fe的活性炭为燃料,800°C下的功率为4.1 W。电池组以1 A的恒电流放电19 h,放电容量为19 A?h,释放出31.6 W?h的电能。这种高容量的DC-SOFC可开发成便携式电源加以应用。     

质子交换膜燃料电池及电池组模型分析

本文对现有质子交换膜燃料电池以及电池组模型进行比较分析,认为数学模型的建立,可以增加对燃料电池及电池组内部的传递现象和反应机理的认识,同时可以预测电池以及电池组的性能,并且对优化电池结构参数具有指导意义.模型分析包括了现阶段质子交换膜燃料电池单电池模型和电池组模型的基本类别,它们是单电池CFD数值模拟模型、单电池以及电池组性能模拟模型、燃料电池组气体分配模型、系统模型和非稳态模型.比较了几种模型的建模方式及不同模型的应用范围和各自的优缺点.     

全钒液流电池的隔膜研究与应用

研究全钒液流电池的质子传导膜制备过程,提出高分子亲水/疏水相互作用诱导溶液相分离的成膜原理,进行制膜工艺放大,满足全钒液流电池的电堆制造与储能工程应用需要. 突破现有“离子交换”传质机理的限制,利用电解液中不同价态钒离子与氢离子相比,存在体积和荷电量的差异,通过离子“筛分”和“静电排斥”效应进行离子选择性渗透. 制成孔径分布在4 ~ 7 nm的聚偏氟乙烯质子传导膜,电导率为3.5×10-2 S•cm^-1,爆破强度高于0.3 MPa,面积800 mm × 900 mm. 利用扩散实验测定膜对H⁺/VO²⁺离子选择性,选择性系数达到306. 利用该质子传导膜组装的15 kW电堆,充电/放电循环性能稳定,电流密度达到100 mA•cm^-2,在700多个循环过程电流效率为93%,能量效率超过72%,具备产业化应用前景.     

对工业电池交流内阻测量的讨论(英文)

能源和环境的可持续发展是本世纪最重要的问题之一.二次电池是具有重要意义的高效储能器件,在电动汽车及混合动力汽车等实际应用中,经常会用到电池组,此时需要考虑电池组中每一个单体电池性能的一致性.内阻作为用于表征电池一致性的性能参数之一,对电池的工业制造和使用非常重要.目前,锂离子电池等二次电池的内阻测试都是按照国际电工委员会第61960号标准(2003)来进行的.本文从该标准的理论基础和其在内阻测试仪中的实际应用等方面出发,分析并指出了该测试标准中的问题,希望能为电池行业新标准的建立提供一定的指导,并有助于可持续能源设备及电动汽车用动力电池的开发.     

可用作便携式电源的高性能直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池组

A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC) stack was prepared with 3 tubular cells electrically connected in series. To increase carbon storage in the stack, the anode was fabricated outside the tubular cells so that carbon fuel can be loaded at the exterior of the stack, which is more spacious than the interior. The 3-cell-stack is operated directly with carbon as the fuel and oxygen in ambient air as the oxidant. With a total effective area of 10.2 cm² and a 5% (w) Fe-loaded activated carbon fuel of 17 g, the stack reveals a peak power of 4.1 W at 800℃. The stack discharged at a constant current of 1.0 A for 19 h, giving a charge capacity of 19 A·h and an energy capacity of 31.6 W·h, which are much higher than those of a similar stack with anode on the inside and carbon loaded at the interior. The high capacity of our DC-SOFC opens up potential applications in portable devices.     

以丁烷为燃料的便携直接火焰固体氧化物燃料电池堆的研究(英文)

以丁烷液化气为燃料,以固体氧化物燃料电池为电源,可以进行全天候的充电,是未来理想的充电模式。研究了以丁烷为燃料的可以便携的直接火焰燃料电池堆。该电池结构和电性能分别用扫描电子显微镜SEM和电化学工作站进行了表征。该电池堆由3片以Ni/YSZ为阳极支撑形的单电池构成。该电池堆操作开路电压为2.1 V,最大输出功率为0.24 W,可带动小风扇连续运行超过4 h。运行4 h后电池阳极没有积炭发生,说明该电池可以连续运行多个小时,可用作便携充电电源。     

乙二醇基冷却液污染对质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的影响及恢复措施

冷却液作为燃料电池冷却系统的热传导介质,对于燃料电池电堆的热管理非常重要。在实际应用中经常会发生冷却液泄漏进入电堆内部的情况。本文通过模拟燃料电池发动机正常工作过程中冷却液泄漏的不同情况,研究了乙二醇基冷却液泄漏污染对燃料电池电堆的性能影响。针对阴极侧乙二醇基冷却液污染后难以恢复的问题,本文提出了一种冷却液污染的恢复策略。整个污染恢复策略分为污染物氧化和污染物冲洗两个阶段,通过对比冷却液污染前和污染恢复后的性能,证实了这种冷却液污染恢复策略的有效性。     

Fabrication of Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Film Compaction and Co-Sintering

The microtubular design of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which are promising electrochemical power sources, has a number of significant advantages over traditional planar and tubular designs: increased resistance to the cell (stack) heating rate and packing density of cells in a stack. The paper presents results on the development of a microtubular SOFC (MT-SOFC) fabrication method based on compaction and co-sintering a set of films. The formation of an anode-supported MT-SOFC having a Ni-cermet collector (support) and functional layers of about 300 and 50 μm thick, respectively; a Zr_0.84Y_0.16O_2–δ solid electrolyte layer (40 μm); and a cathode based on La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO_3–δ has been developed. The outer diameter and length of the MT-SOFC were 3.9 and 12 mm, respectively. The maximum specific power generated by the MT-SOFC at 850°C was 0.21 W/cm².     

Efficient Mass Transport and Electrochemistry Coupling Scheme for Reliable Multiphysics Modeling of Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

A multiphysics model for a production scale planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is important for the SOFC technology, but usually requires an unpractical amount of computing resource. The major cause for the huge computing resource requirement is identified as the need to solve the cathode O₂ transport and the associated electrochemistry. To overcome the technical obstacle, an analytical model for solving the O₂ transport and its coupling with the electrochemistry is derived. The analytical model is used to greatly reduce the numerical mesh complexity of a multiphysics model. Numerical test shows that the analytical approximation is highly accurate and stable. A multiphysics numerical modeling tool taking advantage of the analytical solution is then developed through Fluent®. The numerical efficiency and stability of this modeling tool are further demonstrated by simulating a 30-cell stack with a production scale cell size. Detailed information about the stack performance is revealed and brie y discussed. The multiphysics modeling tool can be used to guide the stack design and select the operating parameters.     

Assessment of Glucose Oxidase Based Enzymatic Fuel Cells Integrated With Newly Developed Chitosan Membranes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Considerably stable enzymatic fuel‐cells (single cell and 5‐cells stack) were prepared by using chitosan based membranes along with glucose oxidase attached bioanode. Continuous operation of fuel‐cells were monitored under short circuit conditions reaching half‐life over a week. Detailed analysis for the effects of pH, temperature, buffer types and concentration on different type of in‐house produced chitosan membranes were performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS was utilized to observe, total electrolyte resistance, charge transfer properties, mass transfer and double layer effects on integrated fuel cells (single cell and 5‐cells stack). Performance of the fuel cells was also analyzed by the polarization experiments. Current density of the fuel cell increased at higher operation temperatures not only due to better enzyme kinetics, but also due to increase in electrolyte (membrane+buffer solution) conductivity. Buffer concentration in the fuel (glucose) solution was found as an important parameter. Under optimum fuel cell operation conditions (i. e. 30–40 °C, pH 5 0.3 M buffer solution), maximum current densities of 3.0–3.2 mA cm^?2 were reached. Low‐power devices (i. e. a calculator, step motor) were powered with 5‐cell stack producing 3 mW at 1.3 V.     

钛双极片上网印导电聚合物——碳纳米管复合物及其在水型不对称超级电容器中的电化学性能

用导电聚合物（聚吡硌、聚苯胺）与碳纳米管（经酸处理）复合物（ECP-CNT）以及功能添加剂（表面活性剂：苄索氯铵 benzethonium chloride,粘结剂：聚乙烯醇 polyvinyl alcohol）配成水型印泥（aqueous ink),在钛片（厚度：0.1 mm）上网印（screen printing）成所需载量及面积（例如：75 mg cm^-2,100 cm²）的均匀的ECP-CNT膜. 以该膜为正极,网印活性炭（pigment black）膜为负极,3.0 mol L^-1 KCl 或 1.0 mol L^-1 HCl 为电解质,组装不对称超级电容器. 用循环伏安、恒电流充放电、电化学阻抗、光及电显微等方法研究了ECP-CNT复合物、网印膜、单池以及由双极片（bipolar plate）连接的多池堆（multi-cell stack）. 以两片印刷面积为100 cm² 的钛双极片组装成三池堆,得到较好的技术指标：堆电压3.0 V,电极电容1.29~1.83 F cm^-2,比能量2.30~3.24 Wh kg^-1,最大比功率1.04 kW kg^-1.     

Advances in component and operation optimization of solid oxide electrolysis cell

Considering the earth powered by intermittent renewable energy in the coming future, solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC) will play an indispensable role in efficient energy conversion and storage on demand.The thermolytic and kinetic merits grant SOEC a bright potential to be directly integrated with electrical grid and downstream chemical synthesis process. Meanwhile, the scientific community are still endeavoring to pursue the SOEC assembled with better materials and operated at a more energy-...     

A novel design of single-chamber SOFC micro-stack operated in methane–oxygen mixture

In this paper, a novel design of single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC-SOFC) micro-stack with star-shape was presented and operated successfully in methane–oxygen mixture. This stack consisted of four anode-supported single cells connected in series, and generated a maximum power output of 421 mW (total active area: 1 cm²) at the furnace temperature of 750 °C, which powered an USB fan stably. The symmetric design can ensure the identical operation of each cell, and good capacity for scale-up of the stack.