The pore opening process of etching polymer films irradiated by single and multiple heavy ions. The etching process in the range of the track core radius (10 nm)

The technique of electrochemical etching of irradiated polymer films is an useful method to investigate structures of the track cores. In the case of the investigation of multiple track foils, the mean effective radius corresponds to the average of all synchron etching pores. On the other hand, the etching cones of all tracks do not break through to conducting micro channels coincidentally. The statistical character of this pore opening (break through) process is still unexplained, although several effects concerning this topic have been observed in the past. Another computer program simulates by way of the Monte Carlo Method the etching process of an ensemble of tracks within a thin polymer film. The conductivity of the multiple track etching foil can be described by the convolution between the conductivity of a single pore and the time dependent breakthrough rate. By way of the Laplace Transforms the measurements of the multiple and single track etching polymer films can be deconvoluted and yield the statistical nature of the pore opening process.     

The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle EMG activity and the initial phase rate of force development during tetanic contractions in the knee extensor muscles of healthy adult males

Objective: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been noted as an effective pre- contraction for an increase of neural and muscle factors during twitch contractions. However, it is unknown if this intervention is effective for the rate of force development (RFD), which is the ability to increase joint torque strength as quickly as possible, during tetanic contractions. NMES can be safely used by anyone, but, the strength setting of NMES requires attention so as not to cause pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study investigated whether NMES at less painful levels was effective for RFD during tetanic contractions. We also investigated effect activation by analyzing electromyogram (EMG) and RFD for each phase. Methods: Eighteen healthy males were studied. Before and after NMES intervention at 10% or 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) level (10%NMES, 20%NMES respectively), EMG activity and the initial phase (30-, 50-, 100-, and 200-msec) RFD were measured. Visual analog scale (VAS) was also measured as an indicator of pain during each NMES. Results: 20%NMES increased EMG activity and 30-, 50-, and 100-msec of RFD during MVIC, but could not improve 200 msec of RFD. However, 10%NMES could be failed to increase all phases RFD, but VAS was lower than that of 20% NMES. Conclusion: These results suggest that muscle pre-contraction using 20%NMES could induce moderate pain, but could be an effective intervention to improve RFD via neural factor activity.     

两维位置灵敏探测器的能量和动量响应函数刻度

用弹性散射对多通道(e,2e)谱仪两维位置灵敏探测器的能量和动量响应函数进行了刻度,从位置灵敏探测器输出的两维位置信息中获得了弹性散射的能谱和角度谱,估计了在当前实验条件下的能量分辨和角度分辨.同时,我们用正交多项式的最小二乘法拟合得到了谱仪单路的能量和动量响应函数.     

The Effects of Polarization and Non-Linearity on the Performance of WDM System with Optical Cross-Connects

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

The effect of preparation time and aeration rate on the properties of bulk micro-nanobubble water using hydrodynamic cavitation

Fundamental research on bulk micro-nanobubbles (BMNBs) has grown rapidly due to the demand for their industrial applications and potential role in interfacial sciences. This work focuses on examining properties of such bubbles, including the number, concentration, zeta potential, and surface tension in water. For this purpose, BMNBs were generated by the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) mechanism. Distilled water and air in the experiments were the liquid and gas phases, respectively. The characterization of bulk microbubbles (BMBs) and bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) were performed through focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) techniques, respectively. Zeta potential and surface tension of aqueous solutions were measured at different time and aeration rates. The results showed that aeration rate and preparation time had an important role in the properties of BNBs (concentration, bubble size, and surface charge) and BMBs (number, and bubble size). The instability of BMBs led to the rapid changes in the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the water. The number of BMBs decreased when preparation time and aeration rate increased, but their size remained constant. By enhancing the preparation time and aeration rate, the concentration of BNBs improved first and then reduced. Additionally, the surface tension of an aqueous solution containing BNBs was significantly lower than that of pure water.     

在COIL中BHP的HO2－浓度对氯的利用率和激光功率的影响

对COIL中碱性过氧化氢(BHP)溶液中的HO2-浓度进行了理论计算和实验测量,得到了HO2-浓度随不同浓度的KOH和H2O2以及不同比例（体积）配比的变化规律,并做了不同浓度HO2-对氯的利用率和激光输出功率影响的实验,获得的结果对优化BHP的配制和优化实验参数有较大的意义。     

无序二元合金(Ni_xCu_(1-x))表面CO吸附及对表面偏析的影响

根据计算机编程构造出了存在和不存在表面偏析的无序二元合金NixCu1 -x(x =0 4 )的原子集团模型 ,然后按覆盖度θ=0 5 ,构造出了CO表面吸附的模型 ,应用Recursion方法计算了CO在NixCu1 -x(存在偏析和不存在偏析时 )合金表面不同位置 (顶位和芯位 )吸附的电子结构 .由此得出 :1 )CO在顶位吸附时较稳定 ;2 )CO吸附使合金表面态密度峰降低 ,带宽加宽 ,使d轨道的局域性变弱 ;3)CO的吸附抑制了Cu在表面富集 ,从电子层次上解释了CO吸附于NixCu1 -x对合金表面偏析的影响机理     

无序二元合金（NixCu1-x）表面CO吸附及对表面偏析的影响

根据计算机编程构造出了存在和不存在表面偏析的无序二元合金Ni_xCu_1-x（x=0.4）的原子集团模型，然后按覆盖度θ=0.5，构造出了CO表面吸附的模型 ，应用Recursion方法计算了CO在（Ni_xCu_1-x）（存在偏析和不存在偏析时）合金表面不同位置（顶位和芯位）吸附的电子结构 .由此得出：1)CO在顶位吸附时较稳定；2)CO吸附使合金表面态密度峰降低，带宽加宽，使d轨道的局域性变弱；3)CO的吸附抑制了Cu 关键词： 化学吸附 表面偏析 Recursion方法 态密度