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垃圾在流化床中焚烧NO排放特性研究 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
在Ф150 mm流化床上,研究了六类典型组分垃圾NO转化率与床温和过量空气系数(excess air简称EA)的关系。研究发现,纸渣与木块NO转化率最高,橡胶与塑料最低;织物、纸张、厨余、木块、塑料NO均具有中温生成特性,一般在800 ℃~850 ℃时即接近最大值,之后温度升高对NO的生成影响不大;橡胶与无烟煤由于含N化合物结构稳定,其NO转化率随床温升高而增大;由于挥发分析出的相互影响,较低的火焰温度,混合垃圾NO转化率一般低于单组分垃圾的线性叠加;少量水分不会对垃圾NO转化率造成很大影响,相反还会促进NO的转化,但过量水分会抑制NO的生成。 相似文献
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F-T柴油在直喷式柴油机中燃烧与排放特性的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
煤通过Fischer-Tropsch (F-T)合成可得到十六烷值高、硫和芳香烃质量分数极低的F-T柴油。研究分析了未作改动的单缸直喷式柴油机燃用F-T柴油时的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明,与燃用0号柴油相比,燃用F-T柴油时的滞燃期平均缩短18.7%,预混燃烧放热峰值降低26.8%,扩散燃烧放热峰值较高,燃烧持续期相当。燃用F-T柴油时的最高燃烧压力略低,最大压力升高率显著下降,机械损失和燃烧噪音较小,燃油消耗率和热效率都得到显著改善。燃用F-T柴油可同时降低CO、HC、NOx和炭烟排放,其中NOx和炭烟分别平均降低16.7%和40.3%。研究表明,F-T柴油是柴油机良好的清洁代用燃料。 相似文献
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蔬菜中金属元素测定方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用微波消解处理样品,应用离子色谱UV-Vis检测和火焰原子吸收法分别测定了蔬菜样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Ca、Mn和Mg的含量。结果显示,离子色谱UV-Vis检测法测定结果准确,方便快捷。 相似文献
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为了解严重偏食儿童血中金属元素的变化,用火焰原子吸收法对80名严重偏食儿童轿中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁进行了测定。结果表明,严重偏食儿童血中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量均明显低于正常对照组(P〈0.01),会影响儿童的生长发育,应予纠正。 相似文献
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原料油中的微量金属元素会污染催化裂化催化剂而使其中毒,对于使用中的再生、平衡催化裂化催化剂进行微量金属元素含量分析,可以有效地指导炼油厂的生产.通过对检出限、重复性以及准确性的考察.表明等离子发射光谱法测定催化剂中微量金属元素含量检出限低、重复性好、准确度高、且具有多元素同时测定以及线性范围宽的特性,是催化裂化催化剂中金属元素含量快速测定的最有效方法之一. 相似文献
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不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的PM10中多环芳烃的研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
对大气可吸入颗粒物采样器进行改装,建立了垃圾焚烧炉烟气中PM10采样系统,并采集了三家垃圾发电厂焚烧炉排放烟气中的可吸入颗粒物。利用GC-MS对可吸入颗粒物中的16种多环芳烃进行定量研究,获得了多环芳烃的质量分数和浓度,并对不同环数的芳烃进行了比较,分析了不同样品中的多环芳烃的毒性参数。结果表明,颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要集中在4环、5环和6环,3环和2环所占比例较少;与燃煤电厂相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂排放的烟气中多环芳烃的浓度和毒性参数更高。 相似文献
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The particulate emission caused by welding of steel plates covered with 29 diversified shop primers has been investigated. The investigation includes the determination of particle mass, particle size distribution, and of the contents of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. The results show that all investigated primers except those with high concentration of zinc pigment produce mass emissions which are very low in comparison to manual arc welding with covered electrode and CO2-welding on uncoated steel. The emitted particles of the primers are smaller than 1 μm particle diameter and therefore respirable. Lead and cadmium was found in particles emitted during the welding process of all investigated primers. The highest amount was found in particles of primers with high contents of zinc and ferric oxide. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to evaluate the homogeneity of the distribution of metals and metalloids deposited on glass fiber filters collected using a high-volume sampler equipped with a PM-10 sampling head. The airborne particulate matter (APM)-loaded glass fiber filters (with an active surface of about 500 cm2) were weighed and then each filter was cut in five small discs of 6.5 cm of diameter. Each disk was mineralized by acid-assisted microwave (MW) digestion using a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids. Analysis was performed by axial view inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and the elements considered were: Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti and V. The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of the standard reference material NIST 1648, urban particulate matter. As a way of comparing the possible variability in trace elements distribution in a particular filter, the mean concentration for each element over the five positions (discs) was calculated and each element concentration was normalized to this mean value. Scatter plots of the normalized concentrations were examined for all elements and all sub-samples. We considered that an element was homogeneously distributed if its normalized concentrations in the 45 sub-samples were within ±15% of the mean value ranging between 0.85 and 1.15. The study demonstrated that the 12 elements tested showed different distribution pattern. Aluminium, Cu and V showed the most homogeneous pattern while Cd and Ni exhibited the largest departures from the mean value in 13 out of the 45 discs analyzed. No preferential deposition was noticed in any sub-sample. 相似文献
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本文建立了用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸溶解样品,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定废钒触媒中钒含量的分析方法。该方法确定了最佳溶样方法和仪器的最佳条件。在选定的操作条件下,钒的检出限0.026μg/mL。相对标准偏差(n=11),RSD<1%,加标回收率在98.85%-101.30%之间。用该法测定废钒触媒中钒的含量,流程短,易操作,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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李颖 《中国无机分析化学》2020,10(5):16-18
采用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4体系溶解试料,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电镀废弃物中的钙、铝、镉、钴、铁、锰、镁七种元素含量。通过加标回收实验,这几种元素的加标回收率为96.1%~102%,相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=7),此方法操作速度快、检测效率高,是一种理想的分析方法。 相似文献
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高建平 《中国无机分析化学》2019,9(1):64-66
建立了一种用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定磷酸中金属元素的分析方法。实验结果表明:选择合适的样品前处理方式和优化的仪器操作条件,方法的检出限可达到0.0012 ug/g~0.0552ug/g、加标回收率达到95%~105%,满足实际样品分析要求。 相似文献
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采用HCl-HNO 3溶解样品,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法直接测定二次电池废料中含量低于20%的锂、镍、钴和锰的含量。选用元素最佳分析谱线和仪器合适的工作条件测定实际样品,实验结果表明共存元素对测定结果基本没有影响。相对标准偏差(n=11,RSD<2%)。通过不同方法的测试结果对比,同一样品的不同测定结果基本吻合,结果表明,方法操作快速简便,分析结果准确,能够满足二次电池废料中20%以下的锂、镍、钴和锰的测定。 相似文献
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Waste poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) fibers (PPTA) were chemically modified through nitration and nitro‐reduction reactions to obtain nitro‐ and amino‐containing fibers and used as adsorbents for metal ions. The structures of the modified fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Metal ions, such as Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, were used to determine the adsorption capacities of the PPTA fibers before and after modification in aqueous solutions. The results showed that the modification improved the adsorption capability of fibers and extraction ratio of metal ions significantly. The adsorption mechanism of modified PPTA fibers for metal ions was proposed. The adsorption processes of Ni2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ followed well a pseudosecond‐order model onto PPTA‐NH2. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to fit the isothermal adsorption. The results revealed that the linear Langmuir isotherm model is better‐fit model to predict the experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定高强度玻璃纤维粉体中铝、镁、钙、铁、钛、锂、铈、钠、钾9种金属元素含量的方法。采用氢氟酸、高氯酸和盐酸分两段溶解样品,分别在选定的各元素分析谱线下,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定各元素含量。9种金属元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为8.0~17.4 μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.8%(n=6),加标回收率为97.6%~103.7%。该方法准确,简便,快速,适用于高强度玻璃纤维中多金属元素的同时测定。 相似文献
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建立了一种可视化的、利用移动中和界面离线富集-毛细管电泳检测电镀水中痕量重金属离子的新方法。在该富集系统中,阳极电解液为2.1 mmol/L HCl-98 mmol/L KCl-痕量重金属离子,阴极电解液为4.0 mmol/L NaOH-96 mmol/L KCl,界面向阴极移动,分离电压为180 V,阴极电解液和阳极电解液的流速均为1 mL/min。富集后凝胶中的金属离子浓度用毛细管电泳检测,标准曲线在实验浓度范围内均有良好的线性关系(r≥0.9985),预富集倍数达80~150倍,Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Ni(II)、Mg(II)、Ca(II)、Cr(III)和Fe(III)的检出限分别为0.163、0.256、0.077、0.153、0.203、0.062和0.142 mg/L,均明显低于国家规定标准;日内和日间精密度均小于7.42%。所建方法已成功用于实际电镀废水样品中痕量重金属离子的富集和检测。 相似文献