The Approach of Operational Research to Planning in India

Journal of the Operational Research Society -     

关于Steiner问题的一个注记——连接五点之最小网络的一种寻优方案

本文讨论如何寻找连接平面上五个给定点的最小网络这一问题．通过发展越民义证明Pollack在1978年所给出的一个关于寻找连接平面上四个给定点的最小网络的重要结论的方法,我们给出了一个采用简单几何作图方法快速求解该问题的方案．     

A Knowledge-based Approach to Production Planning

This paper discusses a knowledge-based approach to production planning, the process of establishing production rates, work force levels and on-hand inventories for product families as a possible alternative to traditional operational research methods. It describes one company's experienced-based approach to production planning and how this was incorporated into a knowledge-based system. The production planning state-space, use of common planning constraints and heuristic procedures, and a prototype of a knowledge-based system that develops production plans for one product family are also described.     

Schedule Based M.R.P.: An Integrated Approach to Production Scheduling and Material Requirements Planning

This paper presents an integrated approach to production scheduling and materials requirements planning. It discusses existing techniques and suggests how the new method can overcome certain deficiencies. The method is incorporated in a computer program, and sample outputs for an example problem are given. Some industrial experience is reported.     

Setting Planned Leadtimes in Capacity Requirements Planning

This paper deals with the problem of determining planned leadtimes in a periodic loading system, such as ‘Material Requirements Planning.’ A method for determining planned leadtime for an individual job, based upon the operation time for the job, is presented from the standpoint that the planned leadtime should be determined under a management policy, taking a trade off between work-in-process quantities and capacity requirements variations into consideration. The proposed method, which is derived with Lagrange's method of indeterminate coefficients, can minimize capacity requirements variations under a given average loading time, under general operation time distributions.     

公务员招聘问题的研究

建立了不符合度、失望度、不满意度等概念,将公务员招聘问题转化为求不满意度总和最小的0—1规划模型,很好地解决了在不考虑和考虑应聘人员意愿的两种情形下公务员招聘的问题.充分体现了录取的公平公正性和对人才的充分利用.     

铁路客运网络列车开行方案优化模型的列生成算法

列车开行方案的设计是铁路旅客运输组织规划中的一个重要环节。本文首先给出了一个综合考虑铁路旅客运输的经济效益和公共服务性的优化模型,以铁路旅客运输的公共效益最大化为目标,对整个铁路客运网络上不同始发-终到和不同停站方式的列车开行方案进行优化。然后提出了一个求解此模型的启发式列生成算法,该算法与标准列生成算法相比,可以减少迭代次数并缩短收敛时间。最后给出一组利用随机生成的网络和需求进行求解的算例,验证本算法可以在较短时间内求解较大规模的铁路网络列车开行方案优化问题,并能有效缩小问题规模。     

处理网络计划的不确定性的一种进度模型

在应用网络计划技术进行工程项目管理中,常常需要对工程项目中潜在的不确定性进行处理,而传统的网络计划技术中,缺乏对工程项目中潜在的不确定性的处理。章通过建立评估不确定性的影响因子区间的模型与方法,提出了在工程项目的进度管理中动态地对潜在的不确定性进行处理的有效方法。     

A Markovian Goal Programming Approach to Aggregate Manpower Planning

The combination of a manpower supply model (a Markov type model based on historical probabilities of losses, promotions and gains) and goal programming with preemptive priorities provides a useful tool for developing a future year manpower plan under conflicting socio-econo-organizational objectives. Successful utilization requires a close management involvement in adjusting probabilities and specifying goals, priorities and impending policy changes. Such an approach is presented in this paper and illustrated by means of an industrial case study example. The presentation is kept simple, yet detailed and unified, so that is is easily understood by practitioners and students of operational research/management science.     

模糊批量生产计划问题的可信性规划模型与算法

描述模糊单位利润、模糊生产能力以及模糊需求下的批量生产计划,并应用可信性规划建立了模型.当模糊变量是梯形模糊数时,我们将模糊模型转化为确定意义下的模型.为了求解优化模型,我们设计了基于模糊模拟的遗传算法.最后,通过一个数值例子说明算法的有效性.     

Treatment Evaluation—A Modelling Approach with Application to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

The work described in the paper was developed during a project carried out jointly by the DHSS OR Unit and a hospital department specializing in the management of acute myeloid leukaemia. One of the aims of this project was to develop a methodology for comparing the results of treatment of patients treated in different clinical trials.The standard OR approach was adopted of using a mathematical model of the results of treatment in a trial as a basis for such comparisons. The paper describes how such a model was built for a particular treatment trial and then used to compare the results of this trial with those obtained in another trial. This comparison indicated important differences between the results of the treatment trials.     

A Finite Difference Equivalent Circuit Approach to Secondary Current Modelling in Annular Porous Electrodes

An equivalent circuit for an annular porous electrode is derived by reinterpreting the differential equations that approximate the distribution of voltage and current in such electrodes. The equivalent circuit is shown to provide useful physical interpretations of the secondary current distributions. Multi-loop circuit techniques are employed to obtain the current distributions within the circuit. The solutions are shown to compare well with the exact solutions of the model equations. In addition, the equivalent circuit approach is used to investigate the effect of curvature on the degree of polarization of the electrode.     

Better Than Survival: The Need for Research to Strengthen Planning in Industry and the Public Service

Editor's NoteThis is an invited contribution in our occasional series O.R. Reflections, in which are presented essentially personal views of O.R., based on contributors' own experience. What follows is a slightly revised version of the author's inaugural lecture as Professor of Systems and Operational Research at the University of Warwick on 10th May 1982.The author draws on his experience in industry and in an international research institute (IIASA) o restate the importance of strategic planning if organisations are to do better than mere survival. He argues the need for problem-oriented, inter-disciplinary research to support such activity and suggests that such research, directed towards investment and strategic policy, has a potential value which is quite out of proportion to the money currently invested in it.     

一种研究网络论坛上舆论演化的新方法

在网络论坛上,以某一话题为中心的网络舆论已经成为影响人们生活,甚至政府决策的重要因素.话题的参与者以论坛的方式组合在一起,通过相互之间信息的交互,逻辑上形成动态变化的系统.由于人类本身的适应性(对环境的适应),从而造成该系统的错综复杂,谁都无法把握该系统的发展.为此,引入复杂适应性系统的思想和方法,通过对基于论坛的网络舆论的分析,将影响该类网络舆论形成、发展的几个重要因素进行规则化.以CAS理论来构建基于论坛的网络舆论系统并研究其演化,并利用Swarm平台对该系统进行实现.实验仿真结果表明CAS理论能够有效地研究基于论坛的网络舆论,为进一步研究互联网上的网络舆论提供新的方法.