公共资本对产出及私人资本的动态冲击效应研究

估算了我国总的资本存量和公共资本存量,并从资本存量的角度基于结构向量自回归模型(SVAR)研究了公共资本对私人资本和产出的动态影响.通过实证研究得出以下结论:1)在我国公共资本对私人资本具有先"挤入"后"挤出"的效应.给公共资本一个百分点的冲击,在第'三年使得私人资本增加0.5个百分点.2)产出对公共资本冲击的响应更加快速和直接,给公共资本一个百分点的冲击会使得产出在第2期时增长0.8个百分点,但是这种正的响应会逐渐减弱,并在第6期后不再显著.3)方差分解的结果表明,私人资本对产出的贡献率要大于公共资本对产出的贡献率,私人资本对产出贡献率的最大值为61%,而公共资本对产出贡献率的最大值为28%.     

公务员最优录用分配方案的数学模型

本文通过建立0-1规划模型,设计了一种公务员招聘中的最优录用分配方案,并运用L INGO软件求得了一个实际问题的最优解.     

Private vs. Public

Abstract

Foundations and Higher Education: Grant Making from Golden Years through Steady State by Earl F. Cheit and Theodore E. Lobman, New York: Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, 1979, 141 pages.     

Efficient Resource Allocation with Non-Concave Objective Functions

We consider resource allocation with separable objective functions defined over subranges of the integers. While it is well known that (the maximization version of) this problem can be solved efficiently if the objective functions are concave, the general problem of resource allocation with non-concave functions is difficult. In this article we show that for fairly well-shaped non-concave objective functions, the optimal solution can be computed efficiently. Our main enabling ingredient is an algorithm for aggregating two objective functions, where the cost depends on the complexity of the two involved functions. As a measure of complexity of a function, we use the number of subintervals that are convex or concave.     

基于社会资本风险偏好的PPP项目控制权配置

为有效激励或规制社会资本的合作行为,在分析PPP项目控制权配置问题时,考虑社会资本风险偏好进而构建有限理性期望效用函数,得出不同风险偏好组合下社会资本的控制权动态调整原则。研究表明,在政府为风险中性的前提下,风险规避的社会资本的控制权比例有最低激励阈值且与其风险规避系数呈负增长关系,体现控制权在激励的环境下实现规制的作用;风险趋向的社会资本的控制权比例有最高规制阈值且与其风险趋向系数呈正增长关系,体现控制权在规制的环境下实现激励的作用;政府产出随社会资本的风险规避系数、控制权比例呈负增长,而随社会资本风险趋向系数呈正增长。最后通过数值分析,进一步论证了在不同风险偏好组合下社会资本的控制权份额对其合作行为的激励规制效应及其对政府产出的影响。     

An Efficient Method for the Multi-Depot Location—Allocation Problem

This paper describes a procedure based on large-scale nonlinear programming for solving the multidepot location-allocation problem. Both the location of depots and the allocation of customers are allowed to vary simultaneously. Numerical experience on a 5 x 50 and a 10 x 50 example is described, and possible extensions to the basic model are discussed.     

图与抽样资源的有效分配

研究了正态分布下(?)图与抽样资源分配方式之间的关系。结果表明高抽样率并不是控制图高效的必要条件,其效率还大大依赖于抽样资源分配方式。基于统计性质和平均质量损失,不管是控制图的初始表现,稳态表现还是优化结果,均显示在抽样率固定下,要想快速发现过程均值大的飘移量或期望值大的随机飘移量,应该频繁采集小容量的样本;而对于过程均值小的飘移量或期望值小的随机飘移量,高效方式为在大抽样间隔下采集大容量样本。     

城市公共设施事故应急资源配置优化模型

城市公共设施事故发生时,迅速调动应急资源,尽早展开救援,对促进社会发展和保持社会稳定具有重要意义。本文根据城市公共设施突发事故中资源配置问题的特点,运用多目标规划的思想,建立了应急资源配置的多目标规划模型,并通过实验模拟对模型进行了求解验证。此模型可以成功实现城市公共设施事故应急资源的有效配置,为相关部门的决策提供理论指导。     

Contractors and connectors of graph algebras

We study generalizations of the “contraction‐deletion” relation of the Tutte polynomial, and other similar simple operations, to other graph parameters. The question can be set in the framework of graph algebras introduced by Freedman at al [Reflection positivity, rank connectivity, and homomorphisms of graphs, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (2007), 37–51.] Graph algebras are defined by a graph parameter, and they were introduced in order to study and characterize homomorphism functions. We prove that for homomorphism functions, these graph algebras have special elements called “contractors” and “connectors”. This gives a new characterization of homomorphism functions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 11–30, 2009     

The Optimal Allocation of Resources to a Variable Timetable

In this note we describe a programming method for allocating resources to a variable timetable. It is illustrated in terms of a restricted version of a general programming model for resource allocation to a CPA network, but it can be used for more general versions of the CPA model, and for the scheduling of ships, aeroplanes, buses and so on. It makes use of the standard trans-shipment transportation problem framework, although in practice the assignment matrix need not be constructed. A highly efficient initial solution is obtained first, then optimized via a primal method of dealing with the "either-or" constraints which arise because of the variability in the timetable.     

传染性公共卫生突发事件的应急物资布局分析

公共卫生突发事件是突发事件中重要的一类,而公共卫生突发事件往往具有传梁性,传染性是指一个地区发生某种突发事件,周围其他地区也可能会发生同类事件.因此针对于具有传染效应的公共卫生突发事件,考虑其发生的不同级别引发周边其他地区不同突发事件的情况,将问题分为事件初始发生以及引发两个阶段进行分析,同时考虑选址和物资配置以满足两个阶段对应急物资的需求,建立模型,求解并给出算例.     

公共物品私人供给的纳什均衡分析

按私人供给的决定方式,公共物品可以划分为三类,替代型、互补型和包含型。本采用博弈论的方法,通过模型对三种情况下参与方的供给决策行为进行分析,并求出纳什均衡解,章最后讨论了所求解的合理性,并通过比较提出了一些有益的结论和启示。     

The Allocation of Specialties to Hospitals in a Health District

Part of the complex process of devising plans for the in-patient bed requirements of a Health District is the allocation of specialties to the hospitals which exist or are likely to exist in the District. In this paper an approach, based on a network flow model, is described by which the allocation process can be performed once the numbers of beds required by each specialty and available in each hospital, along with many other constraints, are specified. The approach is then illustrated by a simple example.     

Allocation of Resources to Depots

In the literature on resource allocation problems, attention is predominantly focused on how to allocate fixed reservoirs of resources (depot stockpiles) to given activities. Comparatively few papers deal with the initial assignment of resources to the depots. This paper is concerned with the establishment of depot stockpiles, the replenishment of depots, and the policy to follow when resources are allocated to activities from several, but virtually unlimited, depot stockpiles. An algorithm is provided for the solution of some of the problems ensuing from the discussion.     

Efficient Coordination by Optimal Allocation of Decision Rights for Participants on Electronic Financial Services Markets

Information technology (IT) is enabling large companies and particularly banking firms to create new forms of organizations. Both globalization of markets and stronger regulation throughout the world puts pressure on banking firms to either spend more money coordinating business activities in the traditional hierarchical ways or to employ new forms of organizations enabled by (lower costs of) IT. When facing uncertain demand in multiple horizontal markets, resource allocation problems occur. Accordingly, the location of decision authority in a multilevel hierarchical organization has profound impact on the performance of the firm. The firm has to design its coordination structure, which determines who makes the resource allocation decisions. Considering the tradeoff between pooling effects in the case of centralized decision-making and better assessment of local markets in the case of decentralized decision-making, the decision problem where to locate decision rights to maximize total profits has to be solved. In this paper we investigate for both independent and dependent demands the total profits for each of the possible coordination mechanisms: centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making, and intermediate-level decision-making. It turns out that—depending on the crucial parameters of the firm—decentralized decision-making or centralized decision-making may be optimal. But in many relevant cases the optimal location of decision rights is at an intermediate level of the hierarchy. We illustrate the findings by considering the banking firm coordinating equity capital allocation by granting alternative decision rights to their employees as participants on electronic financial markets. Finally we discuss the generality of the approach and its applicability in other areas such as inventory management.     

轨道交通建设PPP模式公私双方策略选择问题研究——基于演化博弈理论

在城市轨道交通建设公私合作模式中,公私合作双方能否建立良好的合作机制是项目成败的关键.以轨道交通建设公私合作双方有效理性假设为前提,应用演化博弈模型分析地方政府和企业投资者决策行为的动态演变过程,为政府与私营企业的决策提供参考,结果表明:政府部门对参与建设的企业给予一定的转移支付补贴优惠,对演化博弈趋于稳定性影响较小,为促进公私双方的策略选择趋向于最优稳定策略,政府部门可以通过加大私营企业机会主义惩罚力度,对积极努力完成项目进行奖励间接降低其机会主义的收益、降低或取消政府部门采取的减少转移收益的政策等方式,同时企业应将积极努力完成轨道交通建设项目放在首位,提升建设工程质量,降低成本.     

内生公共支出效用指数的经济优化配置模型

通过将公共投资指数与社会生产总量联系起来,引入含消费与公共支出效用指数的双变量效用函数,提出社会效用最大化问题.求解优化问题得到描述模型的二维动力系统,首先证明了系统存在唯一的均衡点,并利用相图分析了模型存在唯一的最优路径.