Finite size effects around pseudo-transition in one-dimensional models with nearest neighbor interaction

Recently gigantic peaks in thermodynamic response functions have been observed at finite temperature for one-dimensional models with short-range coupling, closely resembling a second-order phase transition. Thus, we will analyze the finite temperature pseudo-transition property observed in some one-dimensional models and its relationship with finite size effect. In particular, we consider two chain models to study the finite size effects; these are the Ising-Heisenberg tetrahedral chain and an Ising-Heisenberg-type ladder model. Although the anomalous peaks of these one-dimensional models have already been studied in the thermodynamic limit, here we will discuss the finite size effects of the chain and why the peaks do not diverge in the thermodynamic limit. So, we discuss the dependence of the finite size effects, for moderately and sufficiently large systems, in which the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility exhibit peculiar rounded towering peaks for a given temperature. This behavior is quite similar to a continuous phase transition, but there is no singularity. For moderately large systems, the peaks narrow and increase in height as the number of unit cells is increased, and the location of peak shifts slightly. Hence, one can naively induce that the sharp peak should lead to a divergence in the thermodynamic limit. However, for a rather large system, the height of a peak goes asymptotically to a finite value. Our result rigorously confirms the dependence of the peak height with the number of unit cells at the pseudo-critical temperature. We also provide an alternative empirical function that satisfactorily fits specific heat and magnetic susceptibility at pseudo-critical temperature. Certainly, our result is crucial to understand the finite size correction behavior in quantum spin models, which in general are only numerically tractable within the framework of the finite size analysis.     

Extended State to Localization in Random Aperiodic Chains

The electronic states in Thus-Morse chain （TMC） and generalized Fibonacci chain （GFC） are studied by solving eigenequation and using transfer matrix method. Two model Hamiltonians are studied. One contains the nearest neighbor （n.n.） hopping terms only and the other has additionally next nearest neighbor （n.n.n.） hopping terms. Based on the transfer matrix method, a criterion of transition from the extended to the localized states is suggested for CFC and TMC. The numerical calculation shows the existence of both extended and localized states in pure aperiodic system. A random potential is introduced to the diagonal term of the Hamiltonian and then the extended states are always changed to be localized. The exponents related to the localization length as a function of randomness are calculated. For different kinds of aperiodic chain, the critical value of randomness for the transition from extended to the localized states are found to be zero, consistent with the case of ordinary one-dimensional systems.     

Extended State to Localization in Random Aperiodic Chains

The electronic states in Thus-Morse chain (TMC) and generalized Fibonacci chain (GFC) are studied by solving eigenequation and using transfer matrix method. Two model Hamiltonians are studied. One contains the nearest neighbor (n.n.) hopping terms only and the other has additionally next nearest neighbor (n.n.n.) hopping terms. Based on the transfer matrix method, a criterion of transition from the extended to the localized states is suggested for GFC and TMC. The numerical calculation shows the existence of both extended and localized states in pure aperiodic system. A random potential is introduced to the diagonal term of the Hamiltonian and then the extended states are always changed to be localized. The exponents related to the localization length as a function of randomness are calculated. For different kinds of aperiodic chain, the critical value of randomness for the transition from extended to the localized states are found to be zero, consistent with the case of ordinary one-dimensional systems.     

ELECTRONIC SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURED SYSTEMS

Introducing a model nanostructured chain, we study the electronic properties of one-dimensional ordered nanostructured solids in terms of an exact Green's function renormalization-group approach, It is found that two kinds of electronic state, namely localized state and extended statess exist in certain energy regions. As the grain size decreases, the energy regions corresponding to the extended quantity, as well as the gaps, become wider, while the number of the isolated peaks decreases. Furthermore, the appearances of isolated peaks are mainly, due to the modulations of the interface sites.     

Charge carrier interaction with a purely electronic collective mode: plasmarons and the infrared response of elemental bismuth

We present a detailed optical study of single-crystal bismuth using infrared reflectivity and ellipsometry. Large changes in the plasmon frequency are observed as a function of temperature due to charge transfer between hole and electron Fermi pockets. In the optical conductivity, an anomalous temperature dependent midinfrared absorption feature is observed. An extended Drude model analysis reveals that it can be connected to a sharp upturn in the scattering rate, the frequency of which exactly tracks the temperature dependent plasmon frequency. We interpret this absorption and increased scattering as direct optical evidence for a charge carrier interaction with a collective mode of purely electronic origin, here electron-plasmon scattering. The observation of a plasmaron as such is made possible only by the unique coincidence of various energy scales and exceptional properties of semimetal bismuth.     

Cantor型人工DNA序列的关联属性及输运性质

对按膨胀规律A→ABA和B→BBB生成的有限长度Cantor型人工DNA序列,采用统计方法研究了序列的净位移及其标准偏差、重标极差函数及其Hurst指数,并将结果与一维随机二元序列进行了对比,直接论证了Cantor序列具有关联、标度不变及自相似等性质.从Anderson紧束缚模型出发,采用重整化群方法研究了该序列的电子输运特性.研究表明具有好的输运效率的扩展态能在较宽的能量区间上存在,随着序列长度的增加,扩展态的能量区间变得更为细碎,但具有好的透射性的电子态数量只是略有减少,共振能态可以在较长的序列中存在 关键词： Cantor型人工DNA序列 关联属性 电荷输运效率 Lyapunov指数     

Novel electronic structure of inhomogeneous quantum wires on a Si surface

A one-dimensional system of Si(111)-(5 x 2)-Au is explored using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The chain of Si adatoms called bright protrusions (BP's) is found to be semiconducting with an evanescent state in the gap, which originates from adjoining metallic BP-free segments. A quantitative analysis shows that the evanescent state decays in inverse-Gaussian form, leading to an appearance of a parabolic BP chain, and scales to its chain length. Spatial decay of the state suggests a quadratic band bending and the existence of a Schottky-like potential barrier at the interface driven by charge transfer.     

Cooperative density wave and giant spin gap in the quarter-filled zigzag electron ladder

Strong cooperative interactions occur between four different broken symmetries involving charge ordering and bond distortions in the quarter-filled correlated zigzag electron ladder. The ground state is singlet, with spin gap several times larger than in the spin-Peierls state of the one-dimensional quarter-filled chain with the same parameters. We propose the quarter-filled zigzag electron ladder model for several different organic charge transfer solids with coupled pairs of quasi-one-dimensional stacks, in which the spin-gap transition temperatures are unusually high.     

Soliton model for the dielectric permeability of some quasi one-dimensional charge transfer salts

The dielectric permeability of bound soliton antisoliton pairs is considered. The model yields and explanation for the anomanously large dielectric constant, the conductivity at microwave frequencies and their low temperature behaviour observed in some quasi one-dimensional organic charge transfer.     

Variation of Excitation Spectra in Mixed-Stack Charge-Transfer Complexes

Local excitation spectra in different spin and charge channels are calculated in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with alternating energy levels at half filling for mixed-stack charge-transfer complexes. Near the boundary between the neutral and ionic phases, the electronic system is easily distorted by an additional term that reduces the symmetry and opens a gap. Alternating transfer integrals produce a nonmagnetic spin-Peierls phase; while staggered magnetic fields produce an antiferromagnetic phase. Both of them enhance the ionicity when they are introduced into the neutral phase near the boundary. Accordingly, these additional terms enhance low-energy spin excitations, although these excitations are suppressed when compared with those in the regular ionic phase. The regular ionic phase has a larger spectral weight in the local current channel than the neutral phase. This would imply that, in one dimension and if the lattice effect is negligible, the ionic phase has smaller activation energy in the electric conductivity near the boundary than the neutral phase.     

Fibonacci序列的统计属性和电子输运系数

对按膨胀规律A→AB和B→A生成的Fibonacci序列,采用一维随机行走模型数值计算了序列的自相关函数以及自行定义的准标准偏差.利用Hurst分析法研究了序列的再标度范围函数及其Hurst指数,并将结果与一维随机二元序列进行了对比.发现这些统计量有奇特的准周期振荡行为以及小于05的Hurst指数,直接论证了Fibonacci序列具有关联、标度不变及自相似等性质.从Anderson紧束缚模型出发,采用传输矩阵方法研究了Fibonacci序列的电子输运特性,讨论了输运系数对能量及其序列长度的依赖关系.研究 关键词： Fibonacci序列 统计属性 电子输运系数     

Ca4LaNbMo4O20:Pr3+荧光粉的发光性质

采用高温固相法成功制备出荧光粉Ca₄LaNbMo₄O₂₀:Pr³⁺,通过X射线衍射分析了样品的结构,其结构与CaMoO₄结构相似。在Ca₄LaNbMo₄O₂₀:Pr³⁺的激发光谱中出现了NbO₄^3-和MoO₄^2-的电荷迁移(CTS)吸收和Pr³⁺离子的4f→4f5d激发跃迁,以及Pr³⁺-金属离子的价间电荷迁移(IVCT)吸收;另外在420~520 nm处,还观测到属于Pr³⁺离子的典型f-f激发跃迁。发射光谱中,在452 nm激发下,主要出现绿光和红光两种发射,其峰值位于490 nm和607 nm处,分别是Pr³⁺的³P₀→³H₄和¹D₂→³H₄的跃迁作用;在紫外287 nm激发下出现NbO₄^3-和MoO₄^2-发射和Pr³⁺离子的4f5d→4f跃迁宽带,以及Pr³⁺离子的4f→4f发射峰。     

Commensurability in one-dimensional lattices at finite temperature

The theory of commensurability transitions in one-dimensional atomic chains has been applied to charge density waves, mercury chain compounds, superionic conductors, etc. Previous numerical and analytical results on a model with chains of atoms with nearest neighbor interactions and periodic external potentials have dealt mainly with equilibrium and dynamical properties atT = 0 K. These studies are extended to nonzero temperatures. It is found that the reversible work per particle to slide the chain vanishes in the thermodynamic limit for any nonzero temperature. The mathematical pathologies associated with the commensurability transition atT= 0 (i.e., the devil's stair) are absent at finite temperature; only thermodynamic evidence of low-order Commensurability transitions remains.Supported by the Department of Energy, Contract number EG-77-S-02-4432.     

Reply to comments on “laser excitation of surface electronic states for a one-dimensional semiconductor” by G.W. Bryant

A semiconductor modeled by a finite one-dimensional chain is shown to have either a continuous or discrete number of surface states. The exact number is determined by the choice of phase factors. Laser-induced charge transfer of electrons from the bulk to these surface states is also shown to be a maximum at the band edge.     

Quantum phase analysis of 1D superconducting quantum dot lattice using extended Bose-Hubbard model

We have obtained the quantum phase diagram of a one-dimensional superconducting quantum dot lattice using the extended Bose-Hubbard model for different commensurabilities. We describe the nature of different quantum phases at the charge degeneracy point. We find a direct phase transition from the Mott insulating phase to the superconducting phase for integer band fillings of Cooper pairs. We predict explicitly the presence of two kinds of repulsive Luttinger liquid phases, besides the charge density wave and superconducting phases for half-integer band fillings. We also predict that extended range interactions are necessary to obtain the correct phase boundary of a one-dimensional interacting Cooper system. We have used the density matrix renormalization group method and Abelian bosonization to study our system.     

Exactly solvable one-dimensional inhomogeneous models

We present a simple way of constructing one-dimensional inhomogeneous models (random or quasiperiodic) which can be solved exactly. We treat the example of an Ising chain in a varying magnetic field, but our procedure can easily be extended to other one-dimensional inhomogeneous models. For all the models we can construct, the free energy and its derivatives with respect to temperature can be computed exactly at one particular temperature.     

一维扩展Hubbard模型热力学性质(Ⅱ)——U<0

本文计算了一维负U扩展Hubbard模型的熵、内能、比热和磁化率,并得到了强耦合极限下磁化率的解析形式。结果表明系统的热力学性质可分为两温区来讨论,高温区对应着双占据态破裂,低温区对应着电荷的各种分布。相互作用W对热力学性质有较大影响,而自旋分布的影响不很明显。 关键词：     

Injection and transport of electric charge in a metal/copolymer structure

The dynamical processes of the electric charge injection and transport from a metal electrode to the copolymer are investigated by using a nonadiabatic dynamic approach. The simulations are performed within the framework of an extended version of the one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) tight-binding model. It is found that the electric charge can be injected into the copolymer by increasing the applied voltage. For different structures of the copolymer, the critical voltage biases are different and the motion of the injected electric charge in the copolymer varies obviously. For the copolymer with a barrier-well-barrier configuration, the injected electric charge forms a wave packet due to the strong electron-lattice interaction in the barrier, then comes into the well and will be confined in it under a weak electric field. Under a medium electric field, the electric charge can go across the interface of two homopolymers and enter into the other potential barrier. For the copolymer with a well-barrier-well configuration, only under strong enough electric field can the electric charge transfer from the potential well into the barrier and ultimately reach a dynamic balance.     

Extended Holstein polaron model for charge transfer in dry DNA

The variational method is applied to the study of charge transfer in dry DNA by using an extended Holstein small polaron model in two cases: the site-dependent finite-chain discrete case and the site-independent continuous one. The treatments in the two cases are proven to be consistent in theory and calculation. Discrete and continuous treatments of Holstein model both can yield a nonlinear equation to describe the charge migration in an actual long-range DNA chain. Our theoretical results of binding energy E_b, probability amplitude of charge carrier \phi and the relation between energy and charge--lattice coupling strength are in accordance with the available experimental results and recent theoretical calculations.