Nature computes: information processing in quantum dynamical systems

Nature intrinsically computes. It has been suggested that the entire universe is a computer, in particular, a quantum computer. To corroborate this idea we require tools to quantify the information processing. Here we review a theoretical framework for quantifying information processing in a quantum dynamical system. So-called intrinsic quantum computation combines tools from dynamical systems theory, information theory, quantum mechanics, and computation theory. We will review how far the framework has been developed and what some of the main open questions are. On the basis of this framework we discuss upper and lower bounds for intrinsic information storage in a quantum dynamical system.     

Ion trapping for quantum information processing

In this paper we have reviewed the recent progresses on the ion trapping for quantum information processing and quantum computation. We have first discussed the basic principle of quantum information theory and then focused on ion trapping for quantum information processing. Many variations, especially the techniques of ion chips, have been investigated since the original ion trap quantum computation scheme was proposed. Full two-dimensional control of multiple ions on an ion chip is promising for the realization of scalable ion trap quantum computation and the implementation of quantum networks.      

面向单向器星轮自动化装配的视觉检测定位

针对传统单向器星轮人工装配效率低下问题,分析了单向器星轮装配过程,构建了基于计算机视觉技术的工业机器人自动化装配方案。首先利用CCD摄像机捕捉星轮表面形貌图像,然后利用Open CV视觉库进行了摄像机标定,再结合图像噪声去除,Hough圆检测,轮廓提取等技术,实现了星轮位姿的非接触式视觉检测。最后以单向器为例验证了该检测方法的有效性,机器人通过视觉获取的星轮位姿信息完成自动化装配。     

Geometric quantum computation and multiqubit entanglement with superconducting qubits inside a cavity

We analyze a new scheme for quantum information processing, with superconducting charge qubits coupled through a cavity mode, in which quantum manipulations are insensitive to the state of the cavity. We illustrate how to physically implement universal quantum computation as well as multiqubit entanglement based on unconventional geometric phase shifts in this scalable solid-state system. Some quantum error-correcting codes can also be easily constructed using the same technique. In view of the gate dependence on just global geometric features and the insensitivity to the state of cavity modes, the proposed quantum operations may result in high-fidelity quantum information processing.     

连续变量纠缠增强对实验参量的依赖关系

具有正交振幅和正交相位分量量子关联的连续变量量子纠缠态光场是进行量子信息和量子计算研究的最基本的资源。随着量子信息和量子计算研究的深入开展,为了实现高质量的信息传递和高效率的量子计算,必须尽可能提高所利用的纠缠态光场的纠缠度。基于光学参变过程量子纠缠增强是提高连续变量纠缠态光场纠缠度的一种有效方法,详细讨论了连续变量纠缠增强与非简并光学参变放大器各实验参量的关系,讨论了这些参量对纠缠增强的影响。计算结果将为优化利用非简并光学参变放大器构建的纠缠增强系统,进一步提高量子纠缠增强效率提供参考。     

嫦娥一号卫星干涉成像光谱仪电子学设计

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星用于获取矿物光谱信息的干涉成像光谱仪电子学系统设计.概述了电子学系统的技术指标、系统组成、工作模式、外部接口和设计原则,详细描述了焦平面组件设计、视频处理和时序控制组件设计和EMC设计,给出部分正样产品实物照片以及地面实验和在轨飞行图像.各项地面试验和一年的在轨飞行结果表明该设计达到了预定的技术要求.     

Relaxation of pseudo pure states: the role of cross-correlations

In quantum information processing by NMR one of the major challenges is relaxation or decoherence. Often it is found that the equilibrium mixed state of a spin system is not suitable as an initial state for computation and a definite initial state is required to be prepared prior to the computation. As these preferred initial states are non-equilibrium states, they are not stationary and are destroyed with time as the spin system relaxes toward its equilibrium, introducing error in computation. Since it is not possible to cut off the relaxation processes completely, attempts are going on to develop alternate strategies like quantum error correction codes or noiseless subsystems. Here we study the relaxation behavior of various pseudo pure states and analyze the role of cross-terms between different relaxation processes, known as cross-correlation. It is found that while cross-correlations accelerate the relaxation of certain pseudo pure states, they retard that of others.     

Structure analysis of soluble proteins using electron crystallography

Electron crystallography as a structural determination technique has grown dramatically in use over recent years. Improvements in microscopes, equipment, practical techniques, computation facilities and image processing methods are reflected in the increasing number of near-atomic resolution structures that have been published.In this review we shall summarize the techniques involved in structure determination of soluble proteins using electron crystallography. Many soluble protein structures have been investigated in this manner over the past two decades. Here we present several examples where a variety of approaches have been used to gradually increase the information obtained.     

通向通用量子计算机之路

量子计算机对信息的处理和计算与经典计算机相比有很大的优越性 .可编程量子计算器件是建造通用量子计算机的一个重要部分 .文章介绍了可编程量子计算中的一些主要结果 ,其中包括 :建造通用可编程量子计算器件的困难 ;两类解决方案 (概率的和精确的可编程量子计算器件 ,确定的和近似的可编程量子计算器件 ) ;通过量子软件控制的量子测量方案 .最后简要介绍了量子计算机物理实现的几个主要方向和未来的展望     

Design of ternary Multiplexer and De-multiplexer circuit with optical nonlinear material (OPNLM) based switch

Multiplexer and De-multiplexer operation play a very important role in all-optical computation, communication and control. Considerable number of multiplexing – de-multiplexing scheme in digital optical processing have already been reported. A design of all-optical ternary Multiplexer De-multiplexer circuit with optical nonlinear material (OPNLM) based switch is proposed and described in this paper. Different logic states have been represented by different polarization states of light. Logical simulation is also included here. This circuit will be useful in future all-optical multi-valued logic based computing and information processing system.     

显微视觉自动聚焦研究

提出一种评估空域聚焦函数的方法。从计算时间与聚焦曲线变化率两个方面,提出四个参量作为评估依据．可从多个函数中筛选出最佳聚焦测度。针对研制的微对准装配自动聚焦系统的评估结果表明：灰度熵函数是适合于该系统的最佳聚焦测度。为克服聚焦搜索运动中的机械传动回差,提出不同于传统聚焦策略的“定位法”。该方法的核心是建立聚焦函数值与离焦量之间的函数关系,提出采用多项式拟合、高斯函数拟合以及样条插值拟合的方法可以构建这种函数关系;并给出了计算结果。最后综合灰度熵函数与定位法策略进行自动聚焦实验．得到自动聚焦精度为3．4μm;完成一次自动聚焦平均时间为3．3s。实验结果证明所述方法可以实现准确、实时地自动聚焦。     

Control of qubits encoded in decoherence-free subspaces

Decoherence-free subspaces protect quantum information from the effects of noise that is correlated across the physical qubits used to implement them. Given the ability to impose suitable Hamiltonians upon such a multi-qubit system, one can also implement a set of logical gates which enables universal computation on this information without compromising this protection. Real physical systems, however, seldom come with the correct Hamiltonians built-in, let alone the ability to turn them off and on at will. In the course of our development of quantum information processing devices based on liquid-state NMR, we have found the task of operating on quantum information encoded in decoherence-free subspaces rather more challenging than is commonly assumed. This contribution presents an overview of these challenges and the methods we have developed for overcoming them in practice. These methods promise to be broadly applicable to many of the physical systems proposed for the implementation of quantum information processing devices.     

光子两自由度超并行量子计算与超纠缠态操控

光子系统在量子信息处理和传输过程中有非常重要的应用. 譬如, 利用光子与原子(或人工原子)之间的相互作用, 可以完成信息的安全传输、存储和快速的并行计算处理等任务. 光子系统具有多个自由度, 如极化、空间模式、轨道角动量、时间-能量、频率等自由度. 光子系统的多个自由度可以同时应用于量子信息处理过程. 超并行量子计算利用光子系统多个自由度的光量子态同时进行量子并行计算, 使量子计算具有更强的并行性, 且需要的量子资源少, 更能抵抗光子数损耗等噪声的影响. 多个自由度同时存在纠缠的光子系统量子态称为超纠缠态, 它能够提高量子通信的容量与安全性, 辅助完成一些重要的量子通信任务. 在本综述中, 我们简要介绍了光子系统两自由度量子态在量子信息中的一些新应用, 包括超并行量子计算、超纠缠态分析、超纠缠浓缩和纯化三个部分.     

Maximum Speed of Quantum Evolution

In this paper, we discuss the question of the minimum time needed for any state of a given quantum system to evolve into a distinct (orthogonal) state. This problem is relevant to deriving physical limits in quantum computation and quantum information processing. Here, we consider both cases of nonadiabatic and adiabatic evolution and we derive the Hamiltonians corresponding to the minimum time evolution predicted by the Margolus–Levitin theorem.     

A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation

Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago.Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue.In this concise review,we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation.We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles,which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.     

Knowledge-based hybrid expert system for automated interferometric data reduction

In order to accomplish the ultimate goal of automated interferogram evaluation, the utilization of artificial neural networks or expert systems in artificial intelligence has been expected. In this paper, a new PC-based fringe evaluation technique, which is based on hybridization of an expert system and a conventional fringe tracking method, is presented together with some test results of noise-ridden interferograms in high-speed aerodynamics. This technique incorporates algorithmic image processing with expert-system-driven knowledge manipulation in a single structure to provide an optimal solution for noisy interferogram evaluation. A new approach for regional phase unwrapping based on the technique is also proposed. This concept is applicable to interferometry such as phase shifting and Fourier transform that provides phase-wrapped information. It is based on conservative decision making in defining phase-wrapped regions by utilizing global/regional knowledge in the expert system. The approach is thus believed to reduce computation time and memory space in processing complex or noisy interferograms that require frequent operator interactions.     

Z箍缩丝阵参数的视觉检测技术

采用视觉检测技术及图像处理技术相结合的方法,实现了直径约为5μm钨丝丝阵负载单丝的垂直度,相邻两根微丝的间距,丝阵上是否有异物,丝是否断裂等装配参数的自动、连续、无损检测。研究了视觉检测系统图像采集和配置方法,构建了Z箍缩丝阵负载装配参数视觉检测系统。实验结果表明,视觉检测系统的检测精度达2μm,可以精确地检测出丝上异物和丝是否断裂,满足Z箍缩丝阵负载装配参数的检测要求。     

Role of optics in super-fast information processing

From the decade of seventy a motivation inspired the people of optical and computing community for using optics in place of electronics as information carrying signal in digital data and image processing. Here in this communication the author extends a brief report on the role of optics in super fast computation and its advantages.     

Partial information decomposition as a spatiotemporal filter

Understanding the mechanisms of distributed computation in cellular automata requires techniques for characterizing the emergent structures that underlie information processing in such systems. Recently, techniques from information theory have been brought to bear on this problem. Building on this work, we utilize the new technique of partial information decomposition to show that previous information-theoretic measures can confound distinct sources of information. We then propose a new set of filters and demonstrate that they more cleanly separate out the background domains, particles, and collisions that are typically associated with information storage, transfer, and modification in cellular automata.