Quantum state sharing of an arbitrary two-qubit state with two-photon entanglements and Bell-state measurements

Two schemes for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit state based on entanglement swapping are proposed with Bell-state measurements and local unitary operations. One is based on the quantum channel with four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs shared in advance. The other is based on a circular topological structure, i.e., each user shares an EPR pair with his neighboring one. The advantage of the former is that the construction of the quantum channel between the agents is controlled by the sender Alice, which will improve the security of the scheme. The circular scheme reduces the quantum resource largely when the number of the agents is large. Both of those schemes have the property of high efficiency as almost all the instances can be used to split the quantum information. They are more convenient in application than the other schemes existing as they require only two-qubit entanglements and two-qubit joint measurements for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit state.     

Electron density measurements in a low pressure discharge using doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy

A new diagnostic technique is presented for the determination of the local electron density in a low pressure discharge. Electron densities ranging from 10¹⁸ to 10¹⁹ m^-3 are determined with a spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm in the positive column of a Na-Ne discharge. The technique is based on the measurement of the Stark broadening and Stark shift of the sodium 3S-4D transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy.     

Realization and characterization of a two-photon four-qubit linear cluster state

We report on the experimental realization of a four-qubit linear cluster state via two photons entangled both in polarization and linear momentum. This state was investigated by performing tomographic measurements and by evaluating an entanglement witness. By use of this state we carried out a novel nonlocality proof, the so-called "stronger two observer all-versus-nothing" test of quantum nonlocality.     

Experimental characterization of a two-photon memory

We demonstrate the recording of 100 planes of digital images in a page-oriented two-photon memory and characterize the images in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate. Possible error sources in the recording are discussed, and methods for compensating for some of these effects are presented. Looking at the distributions of the normalized bit intensities, we are able to estimate the minimum achievable bit error rate for this system.     

Quantum homodyne tomography of a two-photon Fock state

We present a continuous-variable experimental analysis of a two-photon Fock state of free-propagating light. This state is obtained from a pulsed nondegenerate parametric amplifier, which produces two intensity-correlated twin beams. Counting two photons in one beam projects the other beam in the desired two-photon Fock state, which is analyzed by using a pulsed homodyne detection. The Wigner function of the measured state is clearly negative. We developed a detailed analytic model which allows a fast and efficient analysis of the experimental results.     

Biosensing based on two-photon fluorescence measurements through optical fibers

We have performed two-photon fluorescence detection in a new scheme in which femtosecond laser pulses were delivered thorugh an optical fiber for nonlinear excitation and the emitted fluorescence was collected through the same fiber. Single-mode fibers were determined to give higher detection efficiency than multimode fibers, consistent with theoretical considerations. The utility of fiber-optic sensing based on two-photon fluorescence detection was proved by an experiment that measured the uptake of a targeted drug delivery agent into cultured cancer cells.     

Femtosecond autocorrelation measurements based on two-photon photoconductivity in ZnSe

Two-photon photoconductivity in ZnSe is used to record femtosecond autocorrelation functions. This technique requires <100 muW of average power of a typical mode-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and distinguishes itself by a dynamic range over several decades and great conversion bandwidth, permitting the sensitive correlation of pulses of a few femtoseconds.     

Autocorrelation measurements of free-electron laser radiation using a two-photon QWIP

The two-photon QWIP comprises three equidistant subbands, namely two bound states localized in the quantum well and an extended state in the continuum. This device is very promising for quadratic autocorrelation measurements of pulsed mid-infrared lasers due to its resonantly enhanced optical nonlinearity and sub-ps time resolution. We report on interferometric autocorrelation measurements of ps optical pulses from a free-electron laser (FEL). The intense FEL radiation further allows us to study the saturation properties of two-photon QWIPs at liquid nitrogen temperature and their detection properties at 300 K. The device is well suited for standard diagnostics of the FEL pulse shape via interferometric autocorrelation.     

Direct measurement of the concurrence for two-photon polarization entangled pure states by parity-check measurements

We present a protocol for directly measuring the concurrence of a two-photon polarization entangled pure or mixed state without prior quantum state tomography. By parity-check measurements and simple operations on two copies of the two-photon polarization entangled pure state, the concurrence is encoded in the total probability of picking up the odd parity states from the signal states. This protocol makes use of highly efficient homodyne detection, and it could be feasible in the near future with the help of the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Moreover, our protocol can be used in a distributed fashion to directly determine the entanglement of remote states, which may find its important applications in quantum communication.     

Joint remote state preparation of arbitrary two-qubit state with six-qubit state

We present a novelty scheme for joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state in a probabilistic manner from a spatially separated multi-sender to one receiver. The probability of success regarding this preparation scheme is calculated in both general and some particular cases. Our results show that in general such remote state preparation can be realized with a probability of 1/4. But in several special cases, the probability of success can be improved to 1/2 or even 1.     

Simultaneous measurements of second-harmonic generation and two-photon photoelectric emission from Au

Received: 1 October 1998 / Accepted: 30 October 1998     

Shape transition of state density for bosonic systems

For a finite m boson system, the ensemble-averaged state density has been computed with respect to the body interaction rank k. The shape of such a state density changes from Gaussian to semicircle as the body rank of the interaction increases. This state density is expressed as a linear superposition of Gaussian and semicircular states. The nearest-neighbour spacing distribution (NNSD), which is one of the most important spectral properties of a system, is studied. The NNSDs are rather independent of body rank k and show a Wigner distribution throughout.     

Femtosecond ultraviolet autocorrelation measurements based on two-photon conductivity in fused silica

We utilize the two-photon conductivity of a fused-silica substrate to produce a photoconductive switch for use in an intensity autocorrelator for ultraviolet ultrashort pulses. We perform measurements at 267 nm with pulse durations in the range of 110-330 fs and with energies as weak as 10 nJ. Based on the bandgap of fused silica, this device can potentially operate in the wavelength range of 140-280 nm.     

Proposal for generating a two-photon added coherent state via down-conversion with a single crystal

Zavatta et al. [A. Zavatta, S. Viciani, M. Bellini, Science 306 (2004) 660; A. Zavatta, S. Viciani, M. Bellini, Phys. Rev. A 72 (2006) 023820], using parametric down-conversion, have carried out experiments to conditionally generate a single-photon added coherent state. In this Letter, we propose an extension of their method in order to generate the two-photon added coherent state, and point the way toward generating m-photon added coherent states for m>2, all using only one down-conversion crystal.     

Guided wave measurements for characterization of sol-gel layers

Sol-gel applications require very thick layers with a good understanding of the interfaces. To address this problem, we have installed at CEA Le Ripault a characterization bench using guided waves with assistance from the IM2NP lab in Marseille. This bench allows us to measure the thickness and the refractive index and determine the extinction coefficient of a thin layer. We can distinguish losses at interfaces from those in the bulk according to the chosen propagation mode. This allows us to know if we can stack elementary layers to make thick layers without incurring problems.     

用于铯原子内态操控的双光子拉曼激光的产生及应用

双光子拉曼过程是一种有效制备和控制原子内态的方法, 在原子内态操控和基于原子的量子信息处理中具有重要意义. 研制用于特定原子的拉曼激光是实现该过程的重要一步. 报道了利用光纤波导相位调制器及滤波器等实现用于铯原子内态操控的拉曼激光的方法, 并成功用于单个铯原子的内态精密操控. 通过4.6 GHz的微波信号源直接驱动波导相位调制器高效地获得光场的调制边带, 并利用自由光谱区为9.19 GHz的法布里-珀罗腔将载波及二阶边带滤掉, 获得了频率精确、相差9.19 GHz的拉曼激光. 经过基于光纤振幅调制器的功率稳定系统, 最终可以获得总功率为73 μupW、长时间内波动为2.2%的拉曼激光束, 并将此光束用于激发单个铯原子, 实现了|6S_1/2, F=4, mF=0和|6S_1/2, F=3, mF=0 之间的可控拉比操作.