螺旋线行波管慢波结构设计及注波互作用模拟

通过模拟计算,分析螺旋线内径和螺距变化对色散和耦合阻抗的影响,优化慢波结构,初步设计了Ku波段螺旋线行波管慢波结构。模拟行波管输入输出结构,得到输入端反射系数小于-19 dB,电压驻波比小于1.24。电子聚焦系统采用周期永磁聚焦,磁场周期为8.5 mm,计算得到磁场峰值为0.17 T。为提高注波互作用效率,采用具有动态速度渐变特性的慢波结构,使得电子注与高频场有足够的互作用时间,从而保证电子不断地将能量交给高频场。运用三维PIC粒子模拟软件分析行波管的注波互作用,得到在12.5~16 GHz频率范围内输出功率大于88.7 W,电子效率大于14.8%,增益大于34.6 dB。     

毫米波折叠波导行波管输入输出过渡波导设计

折叠波导以其宽频带、加工方便而成为一类重要的毫米波与太赫兹波段行波管慢波线。针对折叠波导慢波系统与标准波导的匹配过渡连接,通过等效电路分析与电磁计算软件模拟,设计出了直渐变波导、双曲圆弧渐变波导、切比雪夫阶梯渐变波导3种输入输出过渡波导结构,分析了各种过渡波导的优缺点及结构尺寸对性能的影响。计算表明,经过合理优化的设计,3种过渡结构均可以使反射系数在28~40 GHz波段小于0.05。     

渐变慢波结构的太赫兹过模表面波振荡器北大核心CSCD

模拟研究了一种在均匀慢波结构后增加渐变慢波结构段的太赫兹过模表面波振荡器,获得了输出功率和模式纯度的显著提高。首先根据S参数方法,研究分析了这种复合高频结构中TM_(01)模的谐振特性。然后采用2.5维PIC(Particle-in-cell)软件UNIPIC,模拟研究了振荡器输出性能随渐变慢波结构周期数的变化关系。结果表明:随着周期数的增加,输出太赫兹波中的TM_(02)和TM_(03)等高次模成分降低,TM_(01)模的功率比例增大至80%以上;选择合适长度的渐变慢波结构,能使得器件输出功率增大50%。     

O型契伦柯夫器件慢波结构高频特性

理论推导了电磁波在半无限长直波导和均匀慢波结构交界面上的反射系数表达式,得到反射系数模值和相位随电磁波的纵向相移常数和慢波结构末端相位的变化关系。运用传输线理论以及反射系数的理论计算结果,得到了有限长慢波结构的纵向谐振条件,可以分析各种情况下有限长慢波结构的纵向谐振特性。计算了一种有限长慢波结构的纵向谐振频率,理论预测与数值仿真结果基本一致。对于一种非均匀慢波结构的数值计算结果表明,其纵向谐振模式对应的频率、场分布与相应的均匀慢波结构接近,因此仍可根据提出的纵向谐振条件对非均匀慢波结构进行分析。     

轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性

 运用场匹配法和傅里叶级数理论，提出一种原则上可数值求解任意轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构色散特性的方法。采用该方法编制了计算渐变型波纹波导和渐变型盘荷波导色散曲线的Matlab程序，详细分析并讨论了这两类典型渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性。数值计算结果与多维全电磁模拟软件模拟结果的数据吻合度较高，验证了该数值算法的可靠性。另外，该方法具有较强的普适性和扩展性，也可退化到任意轴对称周期慢波结构色散特性的求解，为慢波结构的设计提供一种简单有效的途径。     

低磁场过模慢波结构型高功率毫米波发生器的改进

 利用粒子模拟的方法设计了一个高功率毫米波发生器,并对其进行了实验研究及改进。采用过模慢波结构以增大束波作用空间,从而提高功率容量;为实现过模慢波器件的单模、单频工作,选择TM01模的π模作为工作模式。采用过模慢波结构,结合合理的器件结构设计,可降低器件工作所需的导引磁场。实验在TORCH-01加速器平台进行,产生的微波频率由色散线法测量,其功率由远场积分法得到。最初的器件采用矩形波纹慢波结构,得到频率为33.56 GHz、功率约110 MW的微波输出,但功率难以进一步提高,脉宽仅为7~8 ns,且在慢波结构边沿发现击穿痕迹。对矩形慢波结构进行倒圆角处理后,借助数值模拟,发现其TM01模的π模频率变化不大。改进后的器件在0.8 T导引磁场下,当电压和电流分别为590 kV与5.2 kA时,实验得到频率33.56 GHz、功率320 MW的毫米波输出,微波模式为准TM01模,效率约10%,脉宽延长至约13 ns,器件内表面无明显击穿痕迹。     

高功率微波同轴阻抗变换器优化设计及功率计算

 在高功率微波应用中,同轴线的阻抗匹配十分重要。通过同轴线内导体的渐变,可以实现阻抗变换与阻抗匹配。内导体渐变可以采用多项式、余弦、指数等函数形式。用时域有限差分方法计算同轴线的反射系数,以同轴线内导体渐变段的长度和反射系数达到最小为目标,采用遗传算法优化渐变段的结构参数,得到了反射系数为0.015、渐变长度为148 mm的同轴线阻抗变换结构。在一套具有16节点的Beowulf型并行计算机系统上采用主从式并行计算技术完成了计算,缩短了遗传算法搜索时间。最后计算和分析了该同轴线阻抗变换结构的带宽和微波功率容量,该结构峰值功率达8.734 MW。     

220 GHz 折叠波导慢波结构

 优化设计了一种220 GHz的折叠波导慢波结构的尺寸,对其冷测特性如色散、耦合阻抗和衰减进行了分析。理论分析和软件仿真结果表明设计的折叠波导慢波结构在中心频率处具有较平缓的色散关系,较高的耦合阻抗和较低的电路衰减。互作用模拟表明,在电子注电压为20 kV,电流为10 mA时,27 mm（50个周期）的折叠波导慢波结构在220 GHz具有14.5 dB的增益,3 dB带宽为16.3 GHz（211.9～228.2 GHz）。     

X波段磁绝缘线振荡器的数值模拟

 在对磁绝缘线振荡器（MILO）慢波结构色散特性进行理论分析的基础上,结合负载限制型和渐变型MILO的特点,对X波段MILO慢波结构、阴极和中心阳极进行了设计。利用2.5维全电磁PIC程序进行粒子模拟,研究了输出功率与结构参数之间的关系,进一步优化MILO结构。在外加电压为510 kV,束流43 kA情况下,模拟得到平均功率2.83 GW的微波输出,中心频率为8.2 GHz,功率转换效率12.9%。     

自适应线性神经元方法同轴相对论返波管高频特性的数值分析

 提出一种数值分析周期慢波结构色散特性的模拟法：先采用时域有限差分法和离散傅里叶变换技术计算含周期慢波结构的谐振腔的谐振频率及谐振场分布，再基于周期慢波电路色散关系的周期性质，利用几个特殊色散点由数值组合技术获得周期慢波线的完整色散关系。数值计算了同轴波纹波导中TMon模式的色散关系。亦能用于分析计算任意复杂几何结构的周期慢波线的色散关系。     

Analysis and design of the taper in metal-grating periodic slow-wave structures for rectangular Cerenkov masers

The hybrid-mode dispersion equation of the metal-grating periodic slow-wave structure for a rectangular Cerenkov maser is derived by using the Borgnis function and field-matching methods.An equivalent-circuit model for the taper of the groove depth that matches the smooth waveguide to the metal-grating structure is proposed.By using the equivalentcircuit method,as well as the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator(HFSS) code,an appropriate electromagnetic mode for beam-wave interaction is selected and the equivalent-circuit analysis on the taper is given.The calculated results show that a cumulative reflection coefficient of 0.025 for the beam-wave interaction structure at a working frequency of 78.1 GHz can be reached by designing the exponential taper with a TE z10 rectangular waveguide mode as the input and the desired TE x10 mode as the output.It is worth pointing out that by using the equivalent-circuit method,the complex field-matching problems from the traditional field-theory method for taper design can be avoided,so the taper analysis process is markedly simplified.     

Linear theory of beam–wave interaction in double-slot coupled cavity travelling wave tube

A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure(CCSWS) with a solid round electron beam for the beam–wave interaction is presented. Based on the "cold" dispersion, the "hot" dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.     

渐变螺距螺旋线慢波系统高频特性的仿真分析

 为实现渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的高精度估计，基于MAFIA仿真平台，研究了螺距变化对超宽带螺旋线慢波系统(4~18 GHz)的色散、互作用阻抗与衰减常数的影响，获得了各高频参数随螺距变化的规律。研究表明：相速几乎随螺距增大而线性变大，互作用阻抗与螺距是非线性的关系，衰减常数随螺距增大而非线性地减小；由于在维持电子注与电磁波速度同步的限制下，螺距变化的幅度不可能很大，因此可近似按线性关系来处理互作用阻抗及衰减常数与螺距之间的关系。由此提出了一种可精确计算渐变螺距螺旋线慢波结构高频参数的方法－线性插值法     

开敞型角向周期加载金属柱圆波导的注波互作用线性理论研究

提出了一种可应用于毫米波功率放大器中的新型慢波结构——-开敞型角向周期 加载金属柱圆波导结构,并且在互作用通道内,引入了薄环形电子注, 推导出了此时的"热"色散方程,并且对基于该新型慢波结构的行波管的 小信号增益特性进行了深入探讨.通过数值方法 研究了金属柱尺寸和电子注参数 对器件线性特性的影响. 结果表明: 通过对金属柱尺寸的适当设计, 可以获得更高的增益值. 与封闭型结构的比较结果表明, 开敞型角向周期加载金属柱圆波导结构能够 有效地提高小信号增益, 并且对带宽的影响不大. 研究结果为研制基于此新型慢波系统的毫米波行波管奠定了理论基础.     

Study on inverse taper based mode transformer for low loss coupling between silicon wire waveguide and lensed fiber

We have simulated the coupling loss of three types of Inverse Taper and taper-lensed fiber using three dimensional (3D) semi-vectorial beam propagation methods (BPM) respectively. Our results showed that the performances of exponential inverse taper and quadratic inverse taper were better than the commonly used linear inverse taper. Especially, for TM mode the improvement in the reduction of devices size is 53% and 136% for exponential and quadratic inverse taper compared with the linear inverse taper.     

Linear and nonlinear pulse propagation in coupled resonator slow-wave optical structures

The linear and nonlinear characteristics of optical slow-wave structures made of direct coupled Fabry–Pérot and Ring Resonators are discussed. The main properties of an infinitely long slow-wave structure are derived analytically with an approach based on the Bloch theory. The spectral behaviour is periodical and closed form expressions for the bandwidth, the group velocity, the dispersion and the linear and nonlinear induced phase shift are derived. For structures of finite length the results still hold providing that proper input/output matching sections are added. In slow-wave structures most of the propagation parameters are enhanced by a factor S called the slowing ratio. In particular nonlinearities result strongly enhanced by the resonant propagation, so that slow-wave structures are likely to become a key point for all-optical processing devices. A numerical simulator has been implemented and several numerical examples of propagation are discussed. It is also shown as soliton propagation is supported by slow-wave structures, demonstrating the flexibility and potentiality of these structures in the field of the all-optical processing.     

介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的研究

本文建立了介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的三维物理模型. 采用Borgnis函数法和场匹配法求解了多层介质中场的匹配问题, 获得了注波互作用结构的混合模热色散方程(含电子注)及其近似解. 通过数值计算, 分析了热态下介质层厚度、电子注电压、电流密度、电子注厚度及电子注与 介质层间隙距离等主要结构和电参数对注波互作用增长率的影响.     

Analysis of a Chiral Dielectric Supported Broadband Helix Slow-Wave Structure for Millimeter-Wave TWTs

A novel technique of broadbanding a helical slow-wave structure through negative dispersion shaping is proposed. The model considers a simple continuous chiral dielectric support for the helix inside a metallic barrel, unlike conventional helix slow-wave structures with three discrete dielectric supports at 120⁰ apart. The dispersion relation of the slow-wave structure was derived following sheath-helix abstraction, suitably benchmarked for special cases, and was used for analyzing the dispersion behavior of a typical slow-wave structure. Chiral dielectric loading could easily provide negative dispersion characteristics (required for broadband operation) by merely controlling the chirality parameter alone. The scheme with its simple geometric configuration is expected to be useful for millimeter-wave devices providing better thermal management. The basic concept was presented as a conference abstract at the 27th IEEE International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, California, 22–26 September 2002, as: S. K. Datta, E. V. Jayashree, S. D. Veena, and Lalit Kumar, “Broadbanding of a Helical Slow-Wave Structure Using Chiral Dielectric Loading.”