Influence of a network structure on the network effect in the communication service market

In this study, we analyze the network effect in a model of a personal communication market, by using a multi-agent based simulation approach. We introduce into the simulation model complex network structures as the interaction patterns of agents. With complex network models, we investigate the dynamics of a market in which two providers are competing. We also examine the structure of networks that affect the complex behavior of the market. By a series of simulations, we show that the structural properties of complex networks, such as the clustering coefficient and degree correlation, have a major influence on the dynamics of the market. We find that the network effect is increased if the interaction pattern of agents is characterized by a high clustering coefficient, or a positive degree correlation. We also discuss a suitable model of the interaction pattern for reproducing market dynamics in the real world, by performing simulations using real data of a social network.     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏的影响随入射道条件的演化

由量子分子动力学通常应用的动量相关作用公式出发，引入同位旋自由度后得到了在量子分子动力学中可用于数值计算的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用.并用这个公式较系统地研究了在它的作用下，同位旋分馏比的入射道效应和它们的动力学机理.结果表明所有入射道能量、碰撞参数以及所有的丰中子碰撞系统中子-质子比和质量条件下动量相关作用的同位旋依赖性对同位旋分馏过程产生了重要的同位旋效应，然而它没有明显改变同位旋分馏比对于对称势灵敏的依赖性，即在考虑动量相关作用的同位旋自由度后同位旋分馏比仍是提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程的灵敏探针. 关键词： 同位旋分馏比 动量相关作用 重离子碰撞     

Phenomenology and theory of horizontally oscillated granular mixtures

We overview the physics of a granular mixture subject to horizontal oscillations, recently investigated via experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. First we discuss the rich phenomenology exhibited by this system, which encompasses both segregation and dynamical instabilities. Then we show that the phenomenology can be explained via an effective interaction approach, by which the driven, non-thermal, granular mixture in mapped into a monodispersed thermal system of particles interacting via an effective potential. After determining the effective interaction we discuss its microscopic origin and investigate how it induces the observed phenomenology. Finally, as much as in thermal fluids, from the effective interaction we derive a Cahn-Hilliard dynamics equation, which appears to capture the essential characteristics of the dynamics of the granular mixture.     

Critical dynamics of magnets

We review our current understanding of the critical dynamics of magnets above and below the transition temperature with focus on the effects due to the dipole-dipole interaction present in all real magnets. Significant progress in our understanding of real ferromagnets in the vicinity of the critical point has been made in the last decade through improved experimental techniques and theoretical advances in taking into account realistic spin-spin interactions. We start our review with a discussion of the theoretical results for the critical dynamics based on recent renormalization group, mode coupling and spin-wave theories. A detailed comparison is made of the theory with experimental results obtained by different measuring techniques, such as neutron scattering, hyperfine interaction, muon spin resonance, electron spin resonance, and magnetic relaxation, in various materials. Furthermore we discuss the effects of dipolar interaction on the critical dynamics of three-dimensional isotropic antiferromagnets and uniaxial ferromagnets. Special attention is also paid to a discussion of the consequences of dipolar anisotropies on the existence of magnetic order and the spin-wave spectrum in two-dimensional ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. We close our review with a formulation of critical dynamics in terms of nonlinear Langevin equations.     

Brownian dynamics simulations of a cubic haematite particle suspension with a more effective treatment of steric layer interactions

We have proposed a new repulsive layer model for describing the interaction between steric layers of coated cubic particles. This approach is an effective technique applicable to particle-based simulations such as a Brownian dynamics simulation of a suspension composed of cubic particles. 3D Brownian dynamics simulations employing this repulsive interaction model have been performed in order to investigate the equilibrium aggregate structures of a suspension composed of cubic haematite particles. It has been verified that Brownian dynamics employing the present steric interaction model are in good agreement with Monte Carlo results with respect to particle aggregate structures and particle orientational characteristics. From the viewpoint of developing a surface modification technology, we have also investigated a regime change in the aggregate structure of cubic particle in a quasi-2D system by means of Brownian dynamics simulations. If the magnetic particle–particle interaction strength is relatively strong, in zero applied magnetic field the particles aggregate in an offset face-to-face configuration. As the magnetic field strength is increased, the offset face-to-face structure is transformed into a more direct face-to-face contact configuration that extends throughout the whole simulation region.     

Merging and splitting dynamics between two bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

We numerically study the interaction dynamics of two bright solitons with zero initial velocities in the one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. Under different dipolar strengths, the two bright solitons can merge into a breathing wave, and then split or propagate constantly after several oscillating periods. We quantitatively study the breathing frequency of wave after merging and the asymmetry property of solitons after splitting, and analyze their formation mechanism by the system's energy evolution. Also, the change of initial phase difference brings distinct effects on the soliton interaction. Our results provide insight into the new dynamical phenomena in dipolar systems and enrich the understanding for interaction between dipolar solitons.     

The excitation operator approach to non-Markovian dynamics of quantum impurity models in the Kondo regime

We present the numerical excitation operator method for studying the real time dynamicsof a small interacting quantum system coupled to a non-interacting fermionic reservoir byiteratively solving the Heisenberg equation of motion with the help of excitationoperators. We apply this method to the decoherence dynamics of the single impurityAnderson model in the Kondo regime with a non-Markovian reservoir. We take full account ofthe environmental back-action and the electron-electron interaction, and find that thecoexistence of the strong electron-electron interaction and a non-Markovian reservoirinduces the coherence ringings, which will be suppressed by either driving the system awayfrom the particle-hole symmetric point or changing the reservoir into a Markovian one.     

Band structure and many body effects in graphene

We have determined the electronic bandstructure of clean and potassium-doped single layer graphene, and fitted the graphene π bands to a one- and three-near-neighbor tight binding model. We characterized the quasiparticle dynamics using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The dynamics reflect the interaction between holes and collective excitations, namely plasmons, phonons, and electron-hole pairs. Taking the topology of the bands around the Dirac energy for n-doped graphene into account, we compute the contribution to the scattering lifetimes due to electron-plasmon and electron phonon coupling.     

Finite-dimensional model for defect-trapped light in planar periodic nonlinear structures

We study the dynamics of 2D gap solitons (GSs) in Bragg resonant nonlinear (photonic) gratings in the presence of localized defects. Previous work [Stud. Appl. Math.115, 209 (2005)] explains the mechanism of trapping the GS-carried energy at a defect via a resonant energy transfer from the GS into defect modes. We derive a finite-dimensional model that describes the evolution of the defect-trapped state as an interaction of linear defect modes and show that this model approximates the full dynamics very well in the regime when moderate amounts of GS energy are trapped.     

Dynamics of Bec Mixtures Loaded into the Optical Lattice in the Presence of Linear Inter-Component Coupling

We consider dynamics of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate, where the components correspond to different hyperfine states of the same sort of atoms. External microwave radiation leads to resonant transitions between the states. The condensate is loaded into the optical lattice. We invoke the tight-binding approximation and examine the interplay of spatial and internal dynamics of the mixture. We show that internal dynamics qualitatively depends on the intra-component interaction strength and the phase configuration of the initial state. We focus attention on two intriguing phenomena occurring at certain values of the parameters. The first phenomenon is the spontaneous synchronization of Rabi oscillations running inside neighboring lattice sites. The other one is demixing of the condensate with formation of immiscible solitons at sufficiently strong nonlinearity. Demixing is preceded by the transient regime with highly irregular behavior of the mixture.     

Retardation effects from quark confinement on low-energy nucleon dynamics

We investigate effects from quark confinement on low-energy nucleon dynamics. These effects are shown to give rise to a peculiar dynamical situation: Low-energy nucleon dynamics is not Hamiltonian and is governed by a nonlocal-in-time interaction operator. In the leading order of the two-nucleon EFT we show that after renormalization the nucleon dynamics is governed by the same interaction operator.     

Self-assembly of monatomic complex crystals and quasicrystals with a double-well interaction potential

For the study of crystal formation and dynamics, we introduce a simple two-dimensional monatomic model system with a parametrized interaction potential. We find in molecular dynamics simulations that a surprising variety of crystals, a decagonal, and a dodecagonal quasicrystal are self-assembled. In the case of the quasicrystals, the particles reorder by phason flips at elevated temperatures. During annealing, the entropically stabilized decagonal quasicrystal undergoes a reversible phase transition at 65% of the melting temperature into an approximant, which is monitored by the rotation of the de Bruijn surface in hyperspace.     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响和机理

在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学理论的基础上，引入同位旋自由度，将同位旋无关的动量相 关作用改造成为在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学中可用的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用．研究 了它在中能重离子碰撞中的作用和机理．研究结果表明，考虑同位旋依赖的动量相关作用后 ，对同位旋分馏过程有很大的影响，使同位旋分馏强度降低．降低的幅度随入射能量的增加 而迅速增加.特别是动量相关作用的同位旋效应与对称势的同位旋效应具有大体相同数量级 ．但两者具有完全不同的动力学机理．所以同位旋依赖的动量相关作用的研究对于定量的研 究同位旋非对称核物质状态方程是重要的. 关键词： 同位旋依赖的动量相关作用 同位旋分馏强度 重离子碰撞     

Scaling of dynamics with the range of interaction in short-range attractive colloids

We numerically study the dependence of the dynamics on the range of interaction Delta for the short-range square well potential. We find that, for small Delta, dynamics scale exactly in the same way as thermodynamics, both for Newtonian and Brownian microscopic dynamics. For interaction ranges from a few percent down to the Baxter limit, the relative location of the attractive-glass line and the liquid-gas line does not depend on Delta. This proves that, in this class of potentials, disordered arrested states (gels) can be generated only as a result of a kinetically arrested phase separation.     

Governing survival probability to distill quantum states

A quantum system interacting with a repeatedly measured one undergoes a nonunitary time evolution pushing it into some specific subspaces. We deeply investigate the origin of the relevant selection rule, bringing to the light its connection with the survival probability related with the two-system interaction. The possibility of inducing an effective dynamics in the distilled subspace just during the distillation process is demonstrated.     

Lyapunov generation of entanglement and the correspondence principle

We show how a classically vanishing interaction generates entanglement between two initially nonentangled particles, without affecting their classical dynamics. For chaotic dynamics, the rate of entanglement is shown to saturate at the Lyapunov exponent of the classical dynamics as the interaction strength increases. In the saturation regime, the one-particle Wigner function follows classical dynamics better and better as one goes deeper and deeper in the semiclassical limit. This demonstrates that quantum-classical correspondence at the microscopic level does not require coupling to a large number of external degrees of freedom.     

Self-organization of two-dimensional waves in an active dispersive-dissipative nonlinear medium

We consider the pattern-formation dynamics of a two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear evolution equation that includes the effects of instability, dissipation, and dispersion. We construct 2D stationary solitary pulse solutions of this equation, and we develop a coherent structures theory that describes the weak interaction of these pulses. We show that in the strongly dispersive case, 2D pulses organize themselves into V shapes. Our theoretical findings are in good agreement with time-dependent computations of the fully nonlinear system.     

Excitation in ion-atom collisions inside subfemtosecond laser pulses

We discuss new excitation mechanisms in energetic ion-atom collisions embedded in short laser pulses. For comparable duration and strength of the pulse and collisional interaction, the laser field will probe and modify the interaction between projectile and target. Coherence effects emerge, insight into reaction dynamics is gained, and new dynamical features are discovered. As an example, we show (i) how a propensity rule for s-p excitation can be dramatically changed, and (ii) how the presence of the laser pulse modifies the ionization process in ion-atom collisions.     

A Microscopic Derivation of the Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Equation with Coulomb Two-Body Interaction

We study the dynamics of a Fermi gas with a Coulomb interaction potential, and show that, in a mean-field regime, the dynamics is described by the Hartree-Fock equation. This extends previous work of Bardos et al. [J. Math. Pures Appl. 82(6):665–683, 2003] to the case of unbounded interaction potentials. We also express the mean-field limit as a “superhamiltonian” system, and state our main result in terms of the Heisenberg-picture dynamics of observables. This is a Egorov-type theorem.     

Quantum dynamics of electric-dipole coupled defect centers in solids

We investigate the quantum dynamics of two defect centers in solids,which are coupled by vacuum-induced dipole-dipole interactions.When the interaction between defects and phonons is taken into account,the two coupled electron-phonon systems make up two equivalent multilevel atoms.By making Born-Markov and rotating wave approximations,we derive a master equation describing the dynamics of the coupled multilevel atoms.The results indicate the concepts of subradiant and superradiant states can be applied to these systems and the population transfer process presents different behaviors from those of the two dipolar-coupled two-level atoms due to the participation of phonons.