Synthesis of 2,3,7,8-tetramethyldibenzofuran

3,4,3,4-Tetramethyldiphenyl ether readily forms 2,2-dihalo derivatives on bromination and iodination. Heating 2,2-diiodo-4,5,4,5-tetramethyldiphenyl ether with copper powder or oxidation, of 2,2-dilithio-4,5,4,5-tetramethyldiphenyl ether gives 2,3,7,8-tetramethyldibenzofuran, the structure of which was proved by alternative synthesis from 2,2-dinitroand 2,2-diamino-4,5,4,5-tetramethyldiphenyls.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1597–1599, December, 1972.     

1,4-bis(4′-hydroxy-1′,2′,5′-trimethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,3-butadiyne and its derivatives

1.4-Bis(4-hydroxy-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidyl)-1.3-butadiyne has been synthesized from the individual isomers of 4-ethynyl-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidol. Hydrogenation, bromination, and cleavage have given, respectively, 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidyl)butane, 1,4-bis(4-nydroxy-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrabromo-1, 3-butadiene, and 4-(1,3-butadiynyl)-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidol.     

Structure of some components of the roots of Prangos ferulacea

Summary From a methanolic extract of the roots ofPrangos ferulacea (L) Lindl., growing in the Nakhichevan ASSR, in addition to the compounds found previously, another six substances (I–VI) have been isolated, of which (I) and (VI) have been identified as, respectively, meransin hydrate monoacetate, found for the first time in nature, and umbelliferone: and in the study of a crystalline mixture obtained from the resin of the roots of the plant under investigation collected in Armenia, two coumarins — (VII) and (VIII) — have been isolated.On the basis of a study of IR, NMR, and mass spectra and chemical properties, the structures of the six new cumarin derivatives (II–V, VII, and VIII) have been established. Compound (II) has the structure of 8-(3-methylbutenyloxy)furo-2,3:7,6-coumarin and has been called feruliden; (III) is 7-hydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-2-senecioyloxyisopentyl) coumarin and has been called ferudiol; (IV) is 7-hydroxy-8-(3-methoxy-2-senecioyloxyisopentyl) coumarin; (V) is 5-[1-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyroyloxy)-1-methylethyl]-4,5-dihydrofuro-2,3:7,6-coumarin and has been called lindiol; (VII) is 8-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyloxy)-7-methoxycoumarin and has been called ferudenol; (VIII) is 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)coumarin and has been called prangone.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygenic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 568–574, September–October, 1974.     

Kinetics of partly diffusion controlled reactions, IX. Cage effect in the photolysis of benzyl chloride in the liquid phase. First results

The cage recombination of free benzyl and chloride radicals after their formation via photolysis of benzyl chloride is interpreted using a model for partly diffusion controlled reactions. A new kinetic model is presented which takes into account the noncontact of the interacting species at the moment of their formation. There is good agreement between the results observed and the model presented.

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, , , . , . .

     

Synthesis,structure, and spectral properties of some bioxazoles

Syntheses of systems containing two oxazole rings [2-phenyl-, 2-(2-furyl)-, and 2-(2-thienyl)-2,5-bioxazoles, and 2,2-(2,5-furylene)bisoxazole] from aldehydes obtained by formylating 2-phenyl-, 2-(2-furyl)-, and 2-(2-thienyl)oxazole have been developed. Terephthalate and thiophen-2,5-dicarboxylate esters have been used to obtain 2,2-(1,4-phenylene)- and 2,2-(2,5-thienylene)bisoxazoles. The PMR, UV, and luminescence spectra of these systems have been examined, and quantum chemical calculations carried out in the PPP approximation.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 826–836, June, 1986.     

New cardenolides from the leaves ofGomphocarpus fruticosus

Two new glycosides, gomphotin (1) and gomphotoxin (13), and also the known gomphoside (9) have been isolated from the leaves ofGomophocarpus fruticosus. Compounds (1) and (9) contain a 4,6-dideoxyhexosulose residue as the sugar component, and (13) a 6-deoxyhexosulose, which are attached to glycolic OH groups of the aglycons by 3-O-1,2-O-2 (9, 13) and 3-O-1,4-O-2 (1) acetal-ketal bonds. The structures of the new compounds are represented by the names (3-O-1,4-O-2)-(2,3-dihydroxy-4, 6dideoxyhexulosido)-14-hydroxy-5-card-20(22)-enolide* (1) and (3-O-1,2-O-2)-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-6-deoxyhexulosido)-14-hydroxy-5-card-20(22)-enolide* (13).State Scientific Center for Drugs of the Ministry of Health and the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, fax 441118. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 824–832, November–December, 1995. Original article submitted May 22, 1995.     

Preparation and thermal stability of ammonium alkaline earth trioxalatocobaltate(III) hydrates: NH 4 + M2+¦Co(C2O4)3¦·xH2O

Trioxalatocobaltates of bivalent metals NH₄M²⁺[Co(C₂O₂)₃] ·xH₂O, with M²⁺=Ba, Sr and Ca, have been prepared and characterized and their thermal behaviour investigated. The compounds decompose in a complex manner to yield bivalent metal carbonate or oxide and cobalt oxide as final products. The formation of the final products is influenced by the surrounding atmosphere during decomposition. Bivalent metal cobaltite M²⁺CoO_3–x is not identified among the final products of decomposition. This study demonstrates the importance of the decomposition mode of the precursor in producing the desired end-product.

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Zusammenfassung Trioxalatokobaltate zweiwertiger Metalle der allgemeinen Formel NH₄M²⁺ [Co(C₂O₄)₃]· xH₂O (M²⁺=Ba, Sr, Ca) wurden dargestellt, charakterisiert und hinsichtlich ihres thermischen Verhaltens untersucht. Die Verbindungen zersetzen sich in komplexer Weise unter Bildung von Carbonaten und Oxiden der zweiwertigen Metalle und Kobaltoxid als Endprodukte. Die Bildung der Endprodukte wird durch die die Proben während der Zersetzung umgebende Atmosphäre beeinflußt. Kobaltite der zweiwertigen Metalle, M²⁺CoO_3–x, treten nicht als Endprodukte auf. Die Untersuchung zeigt, wie wichtig die Art der Zersetzung des Präkursors für die Darstellung erwünschter Endprodukte ist.

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NH₄M²⁺[Co(C₂O₄)₃]·xH₂O, ²⁺ — , . , . . M²⁺CoO_3-x . .

     

Isoflavones of the roots of Lupinus luteus

Conclusions For the first time in the isoflavone series, a compound which has the structure of 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyisoflavone (3,4-methylenedioxyorobol) and two of its glucosides — 3,4-methylenedioxyorobol 7-O--D-glucoside and 3,4-methylenedioxyorobol 7-O--D-glucosylglucoside — and also a genistein C-monoglucoside, have been described. The isoflavones were isolated from the roots ofLupinus luteus L. by preparative chromatography on paper and on columns of polyamide. In addition, the previously known genistein, genistein 7-O--D-glucoside (genistin), and genistein 7-O--D-glucosylglucoside have been obtained.V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Belorussian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 162–166, March–April, 1974.     

Preparation,characterization and thermal studies on bis-[N-(ethyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamato] complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II)

Bis-[N(ethyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamato] complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II), abbreviated as Zn(S₂CNRR₂, Cd(S₂CNRR')₂ and Hg(S₂CNRR)₂, where R is ethyl and R ism-tolyl, have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, conductance measurements and infrared spectral studies. Thermogravimetric studies on the complexes have been carried out in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres to determine their modes of decomposition.

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Zusammenfassung Bis-N-(äthyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamatkomplexe von Zink(II), Cadmium(II) und Quecksilber(II), abgekürzt als Zn(S₂CNRR)₂, Cd(S₂CNRR)₂ und Hg(S₂CNRR)₂, mit R=Äthyl- und R=m-Tolyl-Gruppe bedeutet, wurden synthetisiert. Diese Komplexe wurden durch Elementaranalysen, Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Infrarot-Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Thermogravimetrische Studien dieser Komplexe wurden in Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffatmosphäre durchgeführt um ihre Zersetzungsweise zu bestimmen.

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Résumé On a réalisé la synthèse des complexes des dithiocarbamates bis-N-(éthyl,m-tolyl) de zinc(II), cadmium(II) et mercure(II), représentés par les formules abrégées Zn(S₂CNRR)₂, Cd(S₂CNRR)₂ et Hg(S₂CNRR)₂, où R et R sont respectivement les groupes éthyl et tolyl. Ces complexes ont été caractérisés par analyse élémentaire, détermination de la masse molaire, mesures de conductivité et spectrométrie infrarouge. Les études thermogravimétriques de ces complexes ont été effectuées en atmosphères d'azote et d'oxygène, afin de déterminer leurs modes de décomposition.

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-N-( ,m-) (II), (II) (II), Zn(S₂CNRR)₂, Cd(S₂CNRR)₂ Hg(S₂CNRR)₂, R — , a R — . , , . , .

     

Bisindoles. 26. Synthesis of 7,7-dichlorobis (5-indolyl) methane

7,7-Dichloro-2,2-dicarbethoxybis (5-indolyl) methane has been synthesized by cyclization of the 3,3-dichloro-4,4-diphenylmethanedihydrazone of ethyl pyruvate. Subsequent hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the corresponding diacid gave the unsubstituted 7,7-dichlorobis (5-indolyl) methane. The syn-syn, syn-anti, and anti-anti forms of 3,3-dichloro-4,4-diphenylmethanedihydrazone of ethyl pyruvate have been separated and characterized.For Communication 25, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1062–1065, August, 1988.     

Coumarins of Seseli tenuisectum

Summary The herbSeseli tenuisectum has been found to contain — in addition to anomalin — another three coumarins (C-2, C-3, and C-4) which are derivatives of khellactone.On the basis of NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy, the products of stepwise alkaline methanolysis and hydrolysis, and conversion into pteryxin, it has been established that two of them are isomeric monoesters of khellactone and angelic acid with the structures 3-angeloyloxy-4-hydroxy- and 4-angeloyloxy-3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroxyseselin, respectively. They have been obtained in the individual state for the first time by thin-layer chromatography, which has enabled their IR spectra to be recorded.The lactone C-4 is a diester of khellactone with the structure 4-angeloyloxy-3-isovaleryloxy-3,4-dihydroseselin.We are the first to have found these substances in plants of the flora of the USSR.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–43, January–February, 1972.     

Synthesis of 1,2-O-(1-cyanoethylidene)-3,6,2′,3′,4′-penta-O-acetyl-6′-O-trityl-4-O-α-D-glucopyranose

Conclusions We have synthesized 1,2-O-(1-cyanoethylidene)-3,6,2, 3,4-penta-O-acetyl-6-O-trityl-4-O--D-glucopyranosyl--D-glucopyranose, which is a potential monomer for polycondensation.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2571–2573, November, 1977.     

Catalytic hydrogenation of olefins with the VCl4?Mg?H2 system in tetrahydrofuran

The hydrogenation of olefins with the VCl₄–Mg–H₂ system in tetrahydrofuran was examined. The yield was found to depend on the Mg: VCl₄ mole ratio. The maximum yield of cyclohexene hydrogenation is achieved at C₆H₁₀/VCl₄=4. Addition of AlCl₃ or triphenylphosphine increases the yield of hydrogenation to a mole ratio C₆H₁₂/VCl₄=7.

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: VCl₄–Mg–H₂ . , Mg:VCl₄. C₆H₁₀/VCl₄=4. AlCl₃ C₆H₁₂/VCl₄=7.

     

Spirocyclic betaines or 2-amino-Δ2-1,3,4-thiadiazoline-5-acetic acid and their rearrangement in acetic anhydride

Reaction of N-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-, N-(1-piperidinyl)-, N-(4-morpholinyl)-, and N-(1-hexahydroazepinyl)-thioureas with propiolic acid gives hetero-N-spiro-4-(2-amino-²-1,3,4-thiadizolin-4-io-5-acetates), which rearrange in acetic anhydride to 2-(N-heteryl)imino-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-ones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 263–265, February, 1993.     

Preparation and stereochemical characterization of some N-acyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives from rotenoids

Summary Several new N-acyl derivatives of 1-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-7,8-di methoxy-1,9 b,2,3,3 a,4-hexahydro-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazole-1-ene have been prepared by appropriate chemical transformation of isohydrazones of rotenone and amorphigenin. A study of their¹H- and¹³C-NMR spectra confirmed the presence of the twocis 3a, 9b, 2 and 3a, 9b, 2 diastereomers in the parent isohydrazones and revealed the strong predominance of the conformers withendo orientation of the 3-NAc group. The conformations due to rotation about the 1,5-bond between rings C and D in the 4-OH and 4-O-substituted compounds were also determined by taking into account the anisotropic effect of aromatic rings A and D, and the hydrogen bond between 4-OH and the 2-N atom, as well as by inspecting the Dreiding models.

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Darstellung und stereochemische Charakterisierung einiger N-Acyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazol-Derivate von Rotenoiden

Zusammenfassung Mittels geeigneter chemischer Transformationen von Isohydrazonen von Rotenon und Amorphigenin wurden einige neue N-Acyl-Derivate von 1-(4-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-7,8-dimethoxy-1,9 b,2,3,3 a,4-hexahydro-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazol-1-en hergestellt. Eine Untersuchung ihrer¹H und¹³C-NMR-Spektren zeigt die Gegenwart von zweicis 3a, 9b, 2- und 3a, 9b, 2-Diastereomeren in den Ausgangs-Isohydrazonen und eine starke Bevorzugung der Konformeren mitendo-Orientierung der 3-NAc-Gruppe. Die Konformationen bezüglich der Rotation um die 1,5-Bindung zwischen Ring C und D werden für die 4-OH und 4-O-substituierten Verbindungen unter Berücksichtigung von Anisotropie-Effekten der aromatischen A- und D-Ringe, der Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen 4-OH und dem 2-N Atom und auch der Betrachtung der entspechenden Dreiding-Modelle diskutiert.

     

9-(2′,5′-Dimethyl-4′-pyridyl)fluorene in syntheses of fluorospirodihydrofuropyridine and pyridofluoranthene

1,2,5-Trimethyl-4-(9-fluorenylidene)piperidine, which is formed by condensation of fluorene with 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidone, is converted catalytically to 9(2,5-dimethyl-4-pyridyl)fluorene, from which 2-methylpyrido[4,5-a]fluoranthene and its demethylated analog were obtained by catalytic dehydrocyclization. Oxidation of 9-(2,5-dimethy1-4-pyridyl)fluorene gave 9-(2,5-dimethyl-4-pyridyl)9-fluorenol and fluorene-9-spiro-4-(6-oxo-2-carboxypyrido[4,5-c]-4-6-dihydrofuran). 6-Methyl-2-phenyl-7-(9-fluorenyl)indolizine was synthesized by the Chichibabin method.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1087–1090, August, 1978.     

BEBO calculations of kinetic isotope effects for methyl radical reactions with alkanes and ketones

Kinetic isotope effects for hydrogen abstraction reactions of methyl radicals with methane, ethane, propane, acetone, butanone-2, pentanone-3 and biacetyl have been calculated using the BEBO method, considering recent values for the Pauling constant and the noble gas parameters. The results were compared with the experimental data.

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, , , , -2, -3 BEBO, . .