YBCO/聚丙烯腈杂化膜及其超导性研究

报告了一种简单制备不依赖于基底结构的柔性YBCO/聚丙烯腈（PAN）厚膜的新方法.研究结果发现,PAN含量从0增加到10wt%的过程中,全部YBCO/PAN样品的超导临界温度T_c在900—920 K区间,表现出较好的超导电性.而且当PAN含量为10wt%时,YBCO/PAN杂化膜即具有一定柔性,膜厚约35 μm,临界电流密度Jc=29×10⁴Acm^-2(1 T, 10 K)和J< 关键词： 超导电性 YBCO 聚丙烯腈（PAN） 杂化膜     

分子线电子输运特性的第一性原理研究

从第一性原理出发 ,利用密度泛函理论研究了SH -C8H16-SH分子和金表面的相互作用 ,并利用分子前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该相互作用能常数 ,然后 ,利用弹性散射格林函数方法研究了该分子与金表面形成的分子线的伏 安特性 .研究结果表明 ,当含有硫氢官能团的有机分子化学吸附于金表面时 ,硫原子将与金原子形成以共价键为主的混和键 ,此时 ,扩展的分子轨道使分子线的电导呈现出欧姆特性 ,而对于局域的分子轨道 ,电子的输运只能通过隧道效应来实现 .对分子线伏 安特性的计算结果显示 ,在零偏压附近 ,存在一个电流禁区 ,随着偏压的增加 ,分子线的电导呈现出平台特征 .     

分子和金表面相互作用的第一性原理研究

从第一性原理出发利用密度泛函理论研究了 4 ,4′ 二巯基联苯分子和金表面的相互作用 ,并利用了前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该相互作用能常数. By using density functional theory, we have investigated the interaction between a thiol-phenyl molecule (4-4′-dimercaptodibenzene) and a gold surface. The frontier orbit theory and the perturbation theory are also employed to determine quantitatively the constant of interaction energy. The results show that the bonding between the sulfur atom and the gold atoms corresponds mainly to the covalent bond and some molecular orbits are extended over the molecule and gold cluster which certainly give channels...     

分子和金表面相互作用的第一性原理研究

硫氢官能团可以很强地吸附于金表面上,从而可作为连接体用于纳米电子学中的分子器件.从第一性原理出发利用密度泛函理论研究了4,4′二巯基联苯分子和金表面的相互作用,并利用了前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该相互作用能常数.计算结果表明,当含有硫氢官能团的有机分子化学吸附于金表面时,硫原子将与金原子形成以共价键为主的混和键,此时一些分子轨道扩展于金原子和有机分子中,这些轨道为分子结中电子的输运提供了通道,从而可使分子线的电导呈现出欧姆特性.而其他分子轨道具有局域性,此时电子的输运只能通过隧道效应来实现. 关键词： 化学吸附 分子线 分子电子学     

PAN为基凝胶聚合物电解质自扩散系数的NMR研究

利用脉冲梯度场NMR方法直接测量了不同温度下的不同组分的PAN为基凝胶聚合物电解抽PAN-EC/PL-LiClO₄中锂离子的自扩散系数D.结果表明,锂离子的自扩散系数D依赖于锂盐质量分数x％,关且在x从5到20范围内,x=10时D有最大值.这与锂离子跳跃的传输机制及同时受到增塑剂EC与聚合物PAN网络的相互作用有关. 关键词：     

氧化锌电阻阀片中ZnO(002)/β-Bi_2O_3(210)界面结构的第一性原理研究

为了从物质微观结构上了解氧化锌避雷器阀片的性能,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对ZnO(002)/β-Bi_2O_3(210)界面结构进行弛豫和电子结构计算.结果表明弛豫后,原子间的键长发生改变.界面区域差分电荷密度图和原子布居分析可得ZnO层片中Zn原子电荷缺失,β-Bi_2O_3层片中O原子电荷富集,ZnO层片向β-Bi_2O_3层片转移电子电荷23.61e.晶界结构的内建电场由ZnO层片指向β-Bi_2O_3层片,内建电场是ZnO电阻阀片具有非线性伏安特性的重要原因.界面附近态密度表明界面的结合主要依靠ZnO层片中Zn原子与β-Bi_2O_3层片中O原子相互作用.计算显示ZnO(002)/β-Bi_2O_3(210)界面结合较强,界面能约为-4.203 J/m~2.本文研究结果对于研制高性能非线性伏安特性氧化锌电阻片提供了机理解释和理论支持.     

气体分子在Co-BN表面吸附的第一性原理研究

采用包含色散力校正的密度泛函理论(DFT-D)方法系统地研究了气体分子(O2, H2, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, H2O)在Co掺杂单层BN(Co-BN)表面的吸附, 分析了吸附小分子的几何结构, 吸附能, 电荷转移等情况. 结果表明: 1) CO等气体分子主要吸附在Co及其近邻六元环的顶位, 吸附结构的电荷转移表明掺杂原子Co对BN衬底的气敏特性有较好的调制作用; 2) 在Co-BN表面吸附的O2和CO较易被活化, 表明Co-BN可能是一种对CO氧化有较好催化活性的新型催化材料.     

单层MoS_2分子掺杂的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法的计算,研究了通过吸附不同有机分子对单层MoS2进行化学掺杂.计算结果表明有机分子与MoS2单层衬底间的相互作用主要是范德瓦尔斯作用力.吸附不同有机分子的单层MoS2结构均表现出间接带隙的特征,还表明吸附TTF分子的单层MoS2结构表现出n型半导体的特质,而吸附TCNQ,TCNE两种分子的单层MoS2结构均表现出p型半导体的性质,这些结果表明可以通过改变吸附的分子来实现对单层MoS2的掺杂类型的调控.本文的研究结果将对单层MoS2在晶体管中的应用提供理论基础和指导.     

掺杂硅烯吸附CO分子的第一性原理研究

硅烯具有独特的电子、光学、热学、力学以及量子特性,在电子器件、电极材料、储氢材料、催化剂和气体传感器等领域有巨大的潜在应用价值.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,利用Materials Studio软件中的CASTEP程序包对硅烯与CO分子之间的吸附行为进行了研究.重点研究了硅烯掺杂方式、CO分子吸附构型及硅烯空位缺陷浓度对CO分子吸附的影响,研究结果表明：1)空位缺陷硅烯对CO分子的吸附能力最强;2)碳原子垂直朝向空位缺陷硅烯更有利于CO分子的吸附;3)硅烯对CO分子的吸附能力随其空位浓度的增加显著增强;4)空位硅烯向CO分子转移电荷,电荷转移量与二者的吸附作用强弱呈正相关.该研究可为硅烯基CO气体传感器的设计提供理论指导.     

B80分子结电子输运的第一性原理研究

我们采用第一性原理方法研究了由单个和两个B80分子构成的分子结的电子输运性质。研究发现,单个B80分子是一个很好的导体,平衡电导为2.28G0（G0为电导量子,2e^2/h ）,而由两个B80分子构成的二聚体则是一个绝缘体,电导仅为0.062G0。进一步的研究发现,二聚体的导电性可以通过电子掺杂来显著提高,如通过在每一个B80分子中用C替换一个B,电导可以提高到0.26G0。     

共轭低聚物中光生分子间电荷转移态的第一性原理研究

We perform density functional theory calculations to investigate the polaron pair (charge transfer state) photo-generation in donor-acceptor oligomer methyl-capped (4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole-2,6-(4,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b;3,4-b'']dithiophene-4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole)(CPDTBT).Results show that effective photo-generation of charge transfer state can happen in CPDTBT dimer when the group 4,7-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (BT) in one monomer deviates against the conjugated plane (onset torsion angle is about 20°).The lower excitation energy (530 nm) can only generate the intramolecular excitonic state,while the higher excitation energy (370 nm) can generate the intermolecular charge transfer state,in good agreement with the experiment.Moreover,the mechanism of charge separation in CPDTBT oligomers is discussed.     

激光散射法用于聚丙烯腈合成条件的探索

聚丙烯腈的合成方法和工艺直接影响PAN基碳纤维产品的性能,本文利用动静态激光散射法研究了溶液聚合反应中,不同引发剂用量制备的聚丙烯腈的重均分子量、流体力学直径以及粒子尺寸分布.得到随着引发剂用量增多,聚合反应得到的聚丙烯腈的重均分子量和粒子尺寸减小,而粒子尺寸分布变宽.分子量测试结果与凝胶渗透色谱法得到的数据趋势相吻合,该研究方法为高性能聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的制备工艺和实验条件制定提供了有效的依据.     

First Principles Calculation of the Crystal Field Splitting in Rare Earth Borocarbides

The crystal field (CF) interaction was calculated from first principles for the RNi₂B₂C (R = Pr, Nd, Sm and Er) borocarbides. The parameters of the CF hamiltonian were used to obtain the CF splitting of the ground state multiplets of the R³⁺ ions. This allows a comparison of the calculated specific heat of NdNi₂B₂C with the experiment yielding qualitatively good agreement.     

Preparation of High-Quality Polyacrylonitrile Precursors for Carbon Fibers Through a High Drawing Ratio in the Coagulation Bath During a Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Process

Excellent poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) (99/1) (PAI) nascent fibers, which have an important role in preparing high-quality precursors for carbon fibers, were prepared by a dry-jet wet spinning process. Their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an ultrasound solvent etching method, as well their properties being determined by a strength and extension meter and a fineness meter, both designed specifically for fibers. When a high drawing ratio, over 300%, was applied to the fibers in the dry-jet wet spinning coagulation bath, the molecular chains were easy to orient and regularly arrange, resulting in the relative crystallinity, crystal size and amorphous orientation degree of the nascent fibers being improved. The fibrils with large diameter were formed, increasing the bulk density with the overall porosity and pore numbers decreasing. Therefore, the nascent fibers had smaller diameters, higher strength, higher rupture elongation and smaller coefficients of variation. The optimum high performance PAI precursor fibers, with 0.59dtex in titer, 7.51cN/dtex in tensile strength, 7.9% in rupture elongation and the final carbon fiber with 5.54GPa in tensile strength, were obtained through a post-spinning treatment in which they were subjected to a high coagulation bath draw ratio and carbonization.     

Improved Calculation of Vibrational Energy Levels in F2 Molecule using the RKR Method

采用Hulburt和Hirschfeler势能函数,把利用Ryderg-Klein-Rees方法建立的氟分子基态势能曲线外推到整个的分子离解区间. 在外推法所建立的势能曲线的基础上求解氟分子的径向薛定谔方程,获得了最高振动量子数为22的各级振动能级. 各个振动能级分别与实验值进行比较,其平均绝对偏差约为7.6 cm^-1,计算所得的相对势能曲线最低点的离解能与其实验值13408.49 cm^-1的相对偏差约为0.74%.用本方法计算得到的氟分子基态的势能曲线和离解能比Bytautas用量子力学从头算方法得到的值更接近于实验值,也更准确.     

First Principles Calculation of Universal Conductance Fluctuation in Monatomic Metal Chains

Combining the non-equilibrium Green＇s function method and density functional theory, we provide a first-principle scheme to calculate the universal conductance fluctuation （UCF） in quasi one-dimensional monatomic chains subject to a magnetic field. Our results show that for these monatomic chains, the amplitude of the UCF is much smaller than the previous theoretical prediction for mesoscopic conductors by Lee et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 （1985） 1622; Phys. Rev. B 36 （1987） 1039] The reason is that the ergodic hypothesis fails in these nanowires due to the confinement of geometry. We ascribe the phenomenon to the flux-dependent density of states fluctuation.     

Electronic Transport of the Adsorbed Trigonal Graphene Flake： A First Principles Calculation

In recent years, electronic transport through molecular devices has attracted much attention due to the progress in experimental techniques for ma- nipulating individual molecules and the availabil- ity of the first-principles method to describe the elec- trical properties of devices. Graphene, a two- dimensional （2D） network of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, has stimulated great research interest due to its unique electronic transport properties and its pro- found potential for future device applications. Chemical doping with foreign atoms is generally cho- sen to modify the electronic transport properties of carbon materials. The possibility of functionalizing graphene with radicals such as O, F, and H atoms has been experimentally demonstrated. One- dimensional GNRs and zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots （GQDs）, including triangular, rectangular and hexagonal shapes, which can be ob- tained through the geometry cutting method, pro- vide the possibility to explore low-dimensional trans- port properties for carbon-based nanoelectronics. The trigonal graphene flake （TGF）, a kind of representa- tive zero-dimensional GQD, is prominent in electronic and magnetic properties due to its n-fold degenerated half-filled zero-energy states. This novel property was revealed by both experimental and theoretical studies.     

First Principles Calculation of the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe: Generalities and Application

We present a formalism that allows the computation of the lepton asymmetry of the universe from first principles of statistical physics and quantum field theory (this lepton asymmetry is then converted to a baryon asymmetry via sphaleron processes). This formalism includes a thermal bath of Standard Model particles (active neutrinos) coupled to a new sector that is out-of-equilibrium (sterile neutrinos). The key point that allows a first principles computation is that the number of sterile neutrinos produced during the relevant cosmological period remains small (we assume zero sterile neutrinos initially). In such a case, it is possible to expand the formal solution of Liouville's equation perturbatively and obtain a master formula for the lepton asymmetry expressed in terms of non-equilibrium Wightman functions. The master formula neatly separates CP-violating contributions from finite temperature correlation functions and satisfies all three Sakharov conditions. These correlation functions can then be evaluated perturbatively; the validity of the perturbative expansion depends on the parameters of the model considered. Here we choose the νMSM (i.e. a minimal extension of the Standard Model that includes three generations of sterile neutrinos with masses of the order of the electroweak scale) to illustrate the use of the formalism, but it could in principle be applied to other models.     

高压下SiO_2的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理,采用Hartree-Fork(HF)方法,分别计算了Si O2的α-石英结构、金红石结构以及氯化钙结构的总能量随体积的变化关系。利用Murnaghan状态方程,通过能量和体积拟合,得到了3种结构的体变模量及其对压强的一阶导数。计算结果表明,随着压强的增加,Si O2会从α-石英结构转变为金红石结构,与实验结果和其它理论结果一致;金红石结构与氯化钙结构之间不存在相变,可以共存。此外,对具有α-石英结构的Si O2的晶格常数、电子态密度和带隙随压强的变化关系进行了计算和分析,结果表明:加压作用下,能带向高能方向移动,Si─O键缩短,电子数转移增加,带隙展宽,电荷发生重新分布。     

5d过渡金属原子吸附氮化硼纳米管的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法, 研究了氮化硼纳米管六元环中心吸附5d过渡金属原子后体系的几何结构, 电子结构和磁性性质. 研究发现, 吸附原子向一个氮原子或硼原子偏移; 吸附体系在费米能级附近出现明显的杂质能级; 各个体系的总磁矩随原子序数出现规律性变化, 局域磁矩主要分布在吸附原子上.