半导体光学微腔—研究腔量子电动力学效应的绝妙范例

光学微腔中真空场和电子的行为与它们在自由空间中截然不同，导致了腔量子电动力学的一系列复杂性物理问题，半导体光学微腔是新一代凝聚态微型谐振器的典型代表，是探索腔量子电动力学，寻求新型微腔器及其应用的绝妙范例。文章概要介绍了几种典型的半导体光学微腔及其研究进展。     

腔内填充低Z物质对腔内壁运动的影响

 为创造腔内均匀、干净的辐射场,用解析方法研究了腔内填充低Z介质的方法防止腔壁重元素喷射到腔内的设计思想。简化模型给出的物理图象清楚显示,该方法是一种好的设计思想。给出了在腔内填充0.1、1和10个大气压的氦气和各种温度状态下,腔壁内界面的运动速度。     

V形固体激光腔的动力学分析与改进

对通用的V形固体激光腔进行了全面的动力学分析，指出了它的优缺点，它的致命缺点是在动力学因子1ft≈1l1-f附近出现高损耗的运行区，激光器无法运行.为了克服这一缺点，在一种改进的V形腔基础上提出了一种更为紧凑的V形改进腔. 关键词： 固体激光腔 V形固体激光腔 改进的V形腔     

高亮度1（1／2）超导腔光阴极注入器的腔形设计

对高亮度1 1/2超导腔光阴极注入器进行了腔形的概念研究设计。通过计算比较发现,重入腔的轴电场分布特性,使它很适合做超导光阴极注入器的首腔。我们还通过模拟计算,研究了电子束动力学各种参数的相互依赖关系,最后我们给出1 1/2腔的一组腔及束动力学参数。     

巨腔系统中的光子屏蔽

随着巨原子研究的展开,量子干涉效应的应用逐步广泛.基于量子干涉效应,利用海森伯-郎之万方程,研究了巨腔与波导耦合系统的相位调控,打破了传统小原子与波导耦合体系中偶极近似的限制.研究表明,通过给系统外加一对相位差为?的驱动,在三腔系统中,当系统达到稳态时,腔阵列波导的中间腔与单模巨腔内的光子数可以实现双向屏蔽.将研究拓展至多腔系统中时,可在不同条件下分别实现巨腔与耦合腔阵列波导的单向和双向屏蔽.基于量子干涉效应的光子调控,该系统可以实现腔的光子数为0,希望在量子器件设计和量子信息处理等领域实现新应用.     

连续波腔衰荡法的一种新理论推导方法及其应用仿真

与多光束干涉的理论推导不同，本文基于无源腔的Q值定义，根据能量守恒原理，对连续波腔衰荡技术测量原理进行了新的推导．根据推导结果，采用数值模拟的方式就入射光开、关时间对腔出射光功率变化线形的影响进行了分析．重点对衰荡腔充光不足情况下的衰荡线形进行了仿真和数据拟合．结果表明，衰荡腔充光不足会给测量带来误差，但进一步缩短入射光关断时间能减小这种误差．     

1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔设计研究

计划中的国际直线对撞机(简称 ILC), 已确定采用低温超导技术. 研究表明, ILC的整体造价与超导腔的加速梯度密切相关, 因此新型高梯度超导腔的研制, 已成为目前ILC的热门课题. 目前超导腔加速梯度的提高受限于超导体射频临界磁场(H_c^rf), 希望通过腔形的优化设计, 来减小超导腔表面峰值磁场与加速梯度的比值(H_p/E_acc), 进而提高超导腔的加速梯度, 以满足ILC的要求. 目前, 具有代表性的高梯度超导腔新腔形有两种, 即低损耗超导腔(LLSCC)和重入式超导腔(RESCC). LLSCC相对于RESCC而言, 具有较低的H_p/E_acc, 因此在理论上LLSCC更易于达到较高的梯度. 作者对1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔的腔形进行了详细的研究, 给出了相应低损耗超导腔腔形, 并对这一设计结果进行了分析比较.     

垂直腔面发射半导体微腔激光器

评述了垂直腔面发射半导体激光器研究的最新进展,就其结构特点、应变量子阱结构、超晶格镜面和微腔效应作了简要的论述,探讨了进一步降低半导体激光器阈值的途径,介绍了新型的氧化约束型垂直腔面发射半导体激光器,并对微腔激光器中自发辐射增强效应和三维封闭腔的特性给出了描述,同时展望了该器件的应用及发展前景。     

X波段高功率相对论速调管放大器研究

为进一步提高X波段相对论速调管放大器的输出功率,采用理论分析与粒子模拟的方法对双群聚腔级联式相对论速调管放大器进行了研究。分析了提高注入腔对注入微波吸收效率的方法,分析了群聚腔调制能力与腔体模式、Q值等参数的关系,分析了输出腔提取效率与Q值的关系。在三维粒子仿真中,设计了模式反射器抑制TEM模式泄露与杂模振荡,得到了功率超过2.5 GW,频谱纯净,频率锁定为8.40 GHz,输出输入微波相位差稳定,抖动不超过2°的高功率微波输出。     

325 MHz中β超导Spoke腔的腔型对比和选择

中国科学院高能物理研究所一直在研究频率为325 MHz、中低β Spoke超导加速腔,以应用在加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)的强流质子直线加速器中。通过对超导腔设计方法和设计原则的研究,使用CST仿真软件设计了单Spoke腔、双Spoke腔、三bar Spoke腔三种Spoke腔型。其中三bar Spoke腔和双Spoke腔一样,都有着三个加速间隙,但是Spoke柱的结构不同。在腔型设计中,对三种Spoke腔的模型均作了参数化处理。然后通过CST的参数化扫描来优化腔体形状以使得峰值电场与加速梯度的比值最小,同时使峰值磁场与加速梯度的比值处于较低范围。本文对三种腔型进行了高频结构优化和参数分析,选用了双Spoke腔型作为设计方案,并对电磁场等进行了优化设计。     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPC Ⅱ

BEPC Ⅱ,the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC),is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity,so an efficient and stable injector is required.Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used.A new diagnostic instrument--wire scanner,has been designed and will be used to nleasure the profile of the linac beam of BEPC Ⅱ.This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire.Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software-ANSYS(R),2) are presented and discussed.     

陕北侏罗纪富镜煤和富惰煤分子结构的FTIR，XPS和13C NMR表征

侏罗纪优质煤炭资源为煤制油、制气等清洁高效利用提供了丰富的物质基础,其显微组分以富集惰质组为特征,而镜质组与惰质组大分子结构在很大程度上决定了煤的物理化学性质和工艺性能,进而决定了煤炭资源的综合利用效率及附加值。采集并制备了陕北侏罗纪煤田小保当煤矿和柠条塔煤矿的原煤(XR)、富镜质组煤(XV、NV)和富惰质组煤(XI、NI)样品,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、固体13C核磁共振谱(13C NMR)等手段,结合煤质分析结果,定量表征了不同显微组分富集物分子结构的差异。研究结果表明：XI和NI煤中芳烃结构芳环取代程度低,主要以3个相邻、4~5个相邻的氢原子形式存在,苯环上氢原子较少被其他官能团取代,同时其结构中芳烃C═C骨架振动明显,脂肪结构中亚甲基伸缩振动强度较低,并且甲基含量略高于富镜煤,C═O基团相对含量略高,表明富惰煤有较多含氧桥键相连的芳香结构,其结构中脂族链、脂环基团脱落、断裂以及芳烃富集,支链相对较少且长度较短,芳碳率、芳香度、芳环缩合程度及成熟度较高。XV和NV煤中表面结构中碳的赋存形态“C—C,C—H”,“C—O”的相对含量高于富惰煤,反映其结构中应含较多的芳环取代的脂肪族侧链,XI和NI煤表面结构中氧的赋存形态以“C—O”为主,“C═O”和“COO—”明显高于富镜煤。XV和XI煤的芳碳率分别为57.91%和66.02%,脂甲基碳分别为10.02%和7.84%,质子化芳碳为非质子化芳碳的两倍,XV煤的羰基和羧基碳相对含量较高,两者桥碳和周碳之比分别为0.25和0.40,芳香核结构平均缩合环数分别为2.68和3.03,平均尺寸分别为0.448和0.676 nm,XI煤结构中芳香核以萘和蒽为主,支链化度L_γ分别为0.22和0.19,表明XV比XI存在较多脂肪侧链、饱和环结构,生烃(油)潜力大。     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

二阶导数荧光分光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酷氨酸

本文描述了用二阶导数荧光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酪氨酸。在 p H 7.4的条件下 ,用 2 2 1nm作为激发波长 ,记录色氨酸和酪氨酸的发射光谱 ,并进行二阶导数处理。色氨酸在 318nm处 ,酪氨酸在 2 83nm处 ,二阶导数峰高与浓度成线性关系。色氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 0 7H - 0 .0 0 4,r =0 .996 4,线性范围为 0 .0 0 4到 0 .2 0 0μg . m L- 1 。酪氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 12 H -0 .0 0 40 ,r=0 .9971。线性范围为 0 .0 0 2到 0 .2 5 0 μg· m L- 1 。实验了 p H、温度和干扰离子对测定的影响 ,测定了苹果中的色氨酸和酪氨酸的含量 ,回收率分别为 (92 .0～ 10 4.0 ) %和 (98.70～ 10 2 .0 ) % ,相对标准偏差分别为 3.5 %和 2 .8%。     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

Modeling Gain Dynamics in EDFAs: Space-Resolved Versus Lumped Models

We present a detailed comparison of dynamic space- and frequency-resolved and lumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) models. The space- and frequency-resolved models are based on an iterative solution of propagation equations for pump, multiple signals, and spectral components of forward and backward propagating amplified spontaneous powers and rate equations for pump, metastable, and ground energy level population densities of erbium ion. In contrast to space-resolved models, the lumped model solves a single ordinary differential equation for time evolution of the length-averaged metastable level population and is therefore substantially less computer time consuming. Both the space, and frequency-resolved and the lumped models give almost identical results when used for an analysis of surviving channel power excursions in concatenated EDFAs fed by multiwavelength signal and add/drop scenarios. For a statistical analysis of output power and signal-tonoise ratio fluctuations in EDFA cascades fed by burst-mode packet traffic, only lumped models can be used.     

镧和铕与邻菲罗啉谷氨酸配合物的NMR和IR研究

合成了稀土镧和铕与谷氨酸，邻菲罗啉形成的二元及三元配合物，经元素分析确定该配合物的组成为Ｌｎ（ｐｈｅｎ）（Ｇｌｕ）３．７Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｅｕ）；Ｅｕ（Ｇｌｕ）３；１２Ｈ２Ｏ。用核磁共振和红外光谱研究与配体与稀土离子的配位方式，讨论了稀土离子的顺磁性及屏蔽效应对配合物的ＮＭＲ谱图的影响。     

Influences of Quantum and Disorder Effects on Solitons Excited in Protein Molecules in Improved Model

Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants, except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.     

基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断

采用CCD照相机加滤光片的方法,进行了基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断研究。对近红外光波段的叶片图像分别采用遗传算法和分水岭算法进行阈值选取,对两种算法二值化的效果进行对比分析,结果表明采用分水岭方法分割的图像,边界清晰,噪音小,与原图像更接近,背景和叶片分离的效果更好。NDVI与叶面积、叶片含氮量之间有明显的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.820 9和0.701 7。GNDVI与叶面积、叶片的含氮量之间也有较高的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.762 5和0.676 2。RVI与叶面积之间有明显的线性相关关系,R2为0.857 7,但与叶片的含氮量之间则包含了非线性成分,R2为0.598 8。以上结果表明,CCD照相机加滤光片可以作为一种作物含氮量信息的快速诊断方法。