PbFe12O19单晶体中的位错蚀斑研究

应用50％HCl作为浸蚀剂,对助熔法生长的PbFe₁₂O₁₉单晶体的(0001)解理面进行了浸蚀,以显示位错蚀斑。根据蚀斑所具有的形态,将其进行了分类,并确定了各自对应的位错类型。应用Mathews等人提出的机制,解释了在(0001)基面上所观察到的位错蚀斑阵列。 关键词：     

Observation of enhanced dielectric permittivity in Bi doped BaFe12O19 ferrite

The dielectric properties of a 2.5 mol% Bi₂O₃ doped Ba-ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) have been investigated. The specimen shows a drastically enhanced (≈ 10⁵ times) permittivity (ε) through local polarization of Fe³⁺ electronic charges activated with nearby Bi³⁺ sites. The ε value also depends reasonably on thermal annealing (causes grain growth) of the samples. The specimens comprising large particle sizes (1–20 μ m) usually exhibit smaller ε values and low dielectric losses.     

Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties on nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 ferrite

Single phase BaM (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) ferrites are prepared by using sol–gel method. The preparing conditions of samples are investigated in detail, such as acid/nitrate ratio, the value of pH and annealing temperature. The best conditions on preparing BaFe₁₂O₁₉, which can be obtained on a Fe/Ba ratio of 12, the citric acid contents R = 3, the starting pH of solution is 9, and annealing temperature 950 °C. The thermal decomposition behavior of the dried gel was examined by TG–DSC, the structure and properties of powders were measured respectively by XRD techniques. The magnetic properties of barium ferrites are emphatically researched about the changing crystallite size and annealing temperature by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic measurement shows that the barium ferrite samples annealed at 1000 °C has the maximal coercive field of 5691.91 Oe corresponding to the maximal remnant magnetization of 35.60 emu/g and the sample synthesized at 1000 °C has the maximal saturation magnetization of 60.75 emu/g.     

Effect of Fe/Pb molar ratio on the structure,magnetic and dielectric properties of PbFe12O19 nanoparticles

In this paper, lead hexaferrite (PbFe₁₂O₁₉) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method. In order to prepare PbFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles, the metal nitrates with Fe/Pb?=?8, 10, 11, 12, 14 ratios and citric acid were used. The structure, morphology, magnetic, and dielectric properties of PbFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and LCR meter. XRD results revealed that the samples with Fe/Pb?≤?10 and Fe/Pb?>?10 have single-phase hexaferrite and hematite (α- Fe₂O₃) structures, respectively. As a result, the sample with Fe/Pb?=?10 is single-phase and shows the highest values of the saturation magnetization and remanence magnetization. We found that the values of dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) increase with an increase in the Fe/Pb molar ratio from 8 to 12 and then decreases with an increase of Fe/Pb molar ratio to 14. The variation of ac conductivity (σ_ac) with frequency ranging from 1?kHz to 200?kHz showed that electrical conductivity in these ferrites is mainly due to the electron hopping mechanism.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19/Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 nanocomposite ferrite

Nanocomposite of hard (BaFe₁₂O₁₉)/soft ferrite (Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄) have been prepared by the sol–gel process. The nanocomposite ferrite are formed when the calcining temperature is above 800 °C. It is found that the magnetic properties strongly depend on the presintering treatment and calcining temperature. The “bee waist” type hysteresis loops for samples disappear when the presintering temperature is 400 °C and the calcination temperature reaches 1100 °C owing to the exchange-coupling interaction. The remanence of BaFe₁₂O₁₉/Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite ferrite with the mass ratio of 5:1 is higher than a single phase ferrite. The specific saturation magnetization, remanence magnetization and coercivity are 63 emu/g, 36 emu/g and 2750 G, respectively. The exchange-coupling interaction in the BaFe₁₂O₁₉/Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite ferrite is discussed.     

W形六角铁氧体BaFe18O27电子结构与导电性的第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的GGA+U方法研究了BaFe₁₈O₂₇的晶体结构和基态电子结构. 以实验数据为初始结构的离子弛豫显示,由于稳定结构中离子半径的差异和2d位Fe的存在,位于BaO层中6h位的O离子脱离了实验结构中原胞的"表面"位置,产生畸变. 计算得到晶体磁矩为28 μ_B/f.u.,与实验相符. 电子态密度及能带计算表明该材料具有微弱的半金属特性,而且与c轴平行方向和垂直方向的能带色散关系有着很大不同,6g位Fe在该材料的输运特性中起着关键作用,它们形成一种"导电层",导致垂直电导率和平行电导率出现非常大的差异. 关键词： 第一性原理 W形六角铁氧体 电子结构 导电性     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of SrFe12O19 hexaferrites

Ultra-fine and homogeneous SrFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites were synthesized by a microwave-assisted calcination route. The calcined precursors were prepared by a sol-gel auto-combustion method using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, Sr(NO₃)₂ and citric acid as starting materials. The structures, powder morphology and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that microwaves are helpful to reduce the calcination temperature and shorten the calcination time. The ferrites with saturation magnetization, remanence and intrinsic coercivity of 54.80 emu/g, 29.52 emu/g and 5261 Oe, respectively, were obtained in samples calcined at 800 °C for 80 min.     

High field Mössbauer effect study of LaFe12O19

Mössbauer effect measurements on ⁵⁷Fe in LaFe₁₂O₁₉ at room temperature and at 4.2 K in an external magnetic field of 10 T confirm the suggestion of Lotgering[2] that the replacement of Ba²⁺ in BaFe₁₂O₁₉ by La³⁺ is accompanied by a valence change of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in the 2a-sublattice. The corresponding Fe²⁺-subspectrum has been detected. The increased hyperfine fields of the 12k- and 2b-sites in LaFe₁₂O₁₉ are discussed in terms of the different exchange paths between the iron sublattices.     

Mössbauer effect in LaFe12O19

Mössbauer spectra of ⁵⁷Fe in LaFe₁₂O₁₉ show that the substitution of La³⁺ for Ba²⁺ or Sr²⁺ in XFe₁₂O₁₉ is associated with a valency change of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ at the 2a or 4f₂ site. Temperature dependences of the hyperfine fields at the various sublattices are given.     

Low temperature fired Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite with Bi4Ti3O12

The Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites with different contents of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics (1-8 wt%) as sintering additives were prepared by the usual ceramic technology and sintered at 900 °C to adapt to the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the ferrite can be effectively improved with the effect of an appropriate amount of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂. For all samples, the ferrite sintered with 2 wt% Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ has relatively high density (98.8%) and permeability, while the ferrite with 8 wt% Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ has relatively good dielectric properties in a wide frequency range. The influences of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ addition on microstructure, magnetic and dielectric properties of the ferrite have been discussed.     

MFM studies of magnetic domain patterns in bulk barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) single crystals

Magnetic domain patterns in bulk barium ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉; BaM) single crystals on the basal plane and the prism plane were measured and studied by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The surface domain pattern is in the form of flowers or star on the basal plane and long elongated spikes or stripe domains on the prism plane. The change in domain structure with applied field (H_app) and the thickness (T) dependence on domain width (δ) was observed. The domain width decreased from 32 to 9 μm for the crystals of 800-100 μm thicknesses, respectively.     

Field dependence of the NMR frequency in BaFe12O19

The field dependence of the NMR frequencies for the “a” and “c” sites of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ has been re-examined. In a polycrystalline grain-oriented sample at 4.2 K no indication for a deviation from the antiparallel orientation of the sublattice magnetization is found. For Fe⁵⁷, a gyromagnetic ratio of γ/2π = (138.0 ± 0.3) × 10⁴ Hz/T is found in fair agreement with the generally accepted value of (137.7 ± 1.0) × 10⁴ Hz/T.     

Evidence of existence of metastable SrFe12O19 nanoparticles

The existence of metastable hexaferrite is reported. Synthesis of strontium hexaferrite, SrFe₁₂O₁₉, at 400 °C was realized under controlled oxygen atmosphere. Such technique allows obtaining of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ at lower temperatures than those by traditional methods (above 800 °C). Phase transformation occurred during a measurement of magnetization vs. temperature (heating up to 625 °C). The heat treatment induces a change from SrFe₁₂O₁₉ to γ-Fe₂O₃ (as the main phase), and SrFeO_2.74 to Sr₂Fe₂O₅. Together with these phase transformations, an increment in the amount of SrCO₃ is detected. Magnetic study of the samples, before and after the heating, supports the structural analysis conclusions.     

Acoustic properties of multiferroic PbFe1/2Ta1/2O3

The longitudinal acoustic wave velocity and attenuation in PbFe_1/2Ta_1/2O₃ ceramics have been measured by pulse-echo technique in the temperature range from 4.2 to 530 K. The anomalies observed in the sound velocity and attenuation behavior versus temperature were correlated with Burns temperature, temperature range of the coexistence of relaxor ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic states, and a suggested second antiferromagnetic phase transition at low temperatures.     

Evolution of Structural and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19 with B2O3 Addition

We investigate the effects of B2O3 addition on structural and magnetic properties of hard magnetic BaFe12O19 particles. The conventional solid state reaction method is used as the synthesis route. Single phase BaFe12O19 could be synthesized with very small amounts of B2O3 addition and with calcination at low temperatures （850°C） in short times （1 h）. B2O3 addition also improves the magnetic parameters significantly. Remanence magnetization and specific magnetization at 1.5 T increase by ～40% in magnitude although no significant variations on coercivity is observed.     

Mn离子取代M型钡铁氧体的研究

本文对Mn离子取代M型钡铁氧体BaFe_12-xMn_xO₁₉作了较系统的研究。主要结论如下:(1)在我们的实验条件下,Mn的取代量x可达4,其中约有0.1—0.3的Mn²⁺存在,其余Mn为三价。(2)Mn离子主要进入12k和2a晶位。(3)BaFe_12-xMn_xO₁₉的各向异性常数K₁₉,居里温度T_c和饱和磁化强度σ_s均随x的增加而下降。(4)Mn引起BaFe_12-xMn_xO₁₉的非共线自旋结构。(5)Mn³⁺在12k和2a晶位中的平均零场劈裂因子D^h比尖晶石中八面体B位上的Mn³⁺之D^c值小近一个数量级。 关键词：     

Two- and three-photon excitation of Gd in CaAl12O19

We have employed two-photon excitation to study the higher energy levels of Gd³⁺ ions in CaAl₁₂O₁₉ and we compare the results with those obtained using conventional UV excitation techniques. Under two-photon excitation, the luminescence intensity exhibits an unusual temporal behavior, a very long build-up followed by a decrease by orders of magnitude, ascribed to a recombination-assisted luminescence excitation mechanism assuming photo-ionization of Gd³⁺ ions and trapping of free electrons on deep traps.

We also find that the two-photon excitation spectra contain an additional broadening contribution which can be attributed to homogeneous broadening of excitation levels caused by excited state absorption into the conduction band. We believe that this may be a general phenomenon whenever participating photons produce ionization of impurity ions from metastable excited states. The phenomenon can manifest itself also in two-photon ionization spectral hole burning and in up-conversion processes (in the latter case, the homogeneous broadening can be caused by an intra-ion excited-state absorption).     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of single-crystalline BaFe12O19 nanoparticles

Rod-like and platelet-like nanoparticles of simple-crystalline barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) have been synthesized by the molten salt method. Both particle size and morphology change with the reaction temperature and time. The easy magnetization direction (0 0 l) of the BaFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles has been observed directly by performing X-ray diffraction on powders aligned at 0.5 T magnetic field. The magnetic properties of the BaFe₁₂O₁₉ magnet were investigated with various sintering temperatures. The maximum values of saturation magnetization (σ_s=65.8 emu/g), remanent magnetization (σ_r=56 emu/g) and coercivity field (H_ic=5251 Oe) of the aligned samples occurred at the sintering temperatures of 1100 °C. These results indicate that BaFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles synthesized by the molten salt method should enable detailed investigation of the size-dependent evolution of magnetism, microwave absorption, and realization of a nanodevice of magnetic media.     

Spin-order and magnetic properties of BaZn2Fe16O27 (Zn2-W) hexagonal ferrite

M?ssbauer and magnetic measurements have been carried out both on single crystals and polycrystalline samples of BaZn₂Fe₁₆O₂₇ (Zn₂-W) hexagonal ferrite. The saturation magnetization at 0 K and at room temperature turns out to be very high, that is, 123 and 79 Gauss·cm³/g, respectively. The results have been interpreted by assuming a local reversal or a weakening of the Fe³⁺ magnetic moments due to the perturbing action of Zn²⁺ ions. The magnetic anisotropy is confirmed to be uniaxial with an anisotropy field at room temperature of 12.500 Oe.     

First principles study of the electron structures of CaCu3Mn4O12 and CaCu3Ti4O12

The electronic structures of CaCu₃Mn₄O₁₂ and CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ are investigated from HF SCF LCAO calculation. In CaCu₃Mn₄O_12, the band and the density of states show a spin asymmetric ferrimagnetic character with a small energy gap. The Mn spin is anti-aligned with the Cu spin, and the total spin moment is 9 μ_B. Our calculation correctly reproduces the observed antiferromagnetic insulating character of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂. The gap in the band structure, which is 2.15 eV, reasonably agrees with the experimental value 1.5 eV. The electron density populations at different planes show clearly that the electron density has symmetric character. A tilted Mn(Ti) orbital implies a typical tilted three-dimensional network of MnO₆ (TiO₆) octahedra due to doping of the Jahn–Teller ion Cu. There is no covalency between Ca, Cu and Mn(Ti) atoms. In contrast, there are stronger bonds and somewhat likely covalency between Cu and O atoms, and also between Mn(Ti) and O atoms.