Ni—Cr—Ml—Al—Ti—B—MoS2系合金高温摩擦学特性的研究

用粉末冶金法制备了Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ－ＭｏＳ２系宽温度范围自澜残杀则试了合金机械性能及其在室温６００℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能,同时还了其耐磨机理。研究结果表明,ＭｏＳ２质量分数为１０％的合金具有较好的机械和摩擦磨损综合性能。该合金主要由Ｎｉ基固溶体、Ｎｉ３Ａｌ、Ｎｉ３（Ａｌ,Ｔｉ）、不定比化合物ＣｒｘＳｙ、ＭｏＳ２和Ｍｏ２Ｓ３等相组成,在室温至３００℃范围内摩擦表面形成含硫化合物复合膜     

碳化钨—镍—钴—钼—氧化铅系高温自润滑金属陶瓷材料的综合性能研究

为了扩大ＷＣ－Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ四组元复合材料在工程实际中的应用范围，利用中频感应热压法制备了ＷＣ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ系高温自润滑金属陶瓷材料，并对其物理机械性能和摩擦学性能进行了试验研究。结果表明，含镍和钴这两组元之重量比为２的ＷＣ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ材料的综合性能最好，即使在６００℃的高温下也具有较高的机械强度和相当好的摩擦学材料，且其在高速、重载下的摩擦磨损性能也比较好，Ｘ射线衍     

ELECTROMECHANICAL WAVES IN CERAMICS——NUMERICAL SIMULATION

A simple one-dimensional model is used to simulate numerically the propagation oflinear and nonlinear waves in a deformable ceramic.The nummrical scheme used providesthe response in stress or strain and electric field within the sample and the voltage at aresistive external circuit connecting the two faces of the sample.Space-time diagrams of thepropagation are obtained for various mechanical loads.The voltage response obtainedagress well with experimental results in the linear regime.In the nonlinear one,thesteepening of the electromechanical wave yielding a shock wave is exhibited.     

SiC—Ni—Co—Mo—PbO系高温自润滑金属基陶瓷材料摩擦学性能的试验研究

采用粉末冶金工艺中和中频励套感应力高温快速热压法制备了ＳｉＣ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ系高温自润滑金属基陶瓷材料，并且对这种材料的机械性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了试验研究。同时还就其高温自润滑机理作了分析与探讨。     

新型Ni—Fe—W—S合金刷镀层耐磨性的研究

镀铬是用于提高材料常温耐磨性的有效方法。但是，铬镀层在摩擦温升的作用下，其硬度和耐磨性却都下降，而且镀铬还会污染环境和对人体造成损害。为了克服铬镀层和镀铬工艺的这些缺点，研究了一种新型的Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｗ－Ｓ合金刷镀层。摩擦磨损试验结果表明，在干摩擦时于高速（７１ｍ／ｍｉｎ）和重载（８０Ｎ）条件下，这种合金刷镀层的耐磨性能明显地比铬镀层的好，磨痕形貌的扫描电子显微镜观察发现，前者发生的是应变疲劳磨损，     

COAL DRY BENEFICIATION TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA：THE STATE—OF—THE—ART

In China, coal is the major source of energy and its leading role in energy consumption would not change in the next 50 years. Coal preparation is the essential component of Clean Coal Technology. In China more than two-thirds of available coal reserves are in arid areas, which results in the unfeasibility with conventional wet processing for coal preparation. The uniqueness of dry coal beneflciation technology with air-dense medium fluidized bed is dis-cussed in this paper and a detailed survey of the current status of theoretical study, commercial application and development of the new technoloav is aiven in this paper.     

用于疲劳可靠性设计的P—Sa—Sm—N曲面拟合法

本文以线性相关系数最优为基础，给出了Ｐ－Ｓａ－Ｓｍ－Ｎ（概率－幅值－均值－寿命）曲面拟合方法。通过对大量Ｐ－Ｓａ－Ｓｍ－Ｎ数据具有简便，拟合各程度高等特点。     

ICA——国际著名的计算力学科研中心

<正> 乘飞机在联邦德国南部飞行,可以看到在耐卡河谷有一座现代化的大城市,这就是联邦德国巴登-符登堡州首府斯图加特.市区西南十余公里处自然保护区的茂密森林中,有几十幢高低错落的楼房,那就是斯图加特大学的法亨根校区.校园中一片静谧安宁气氛,周围森林中鸟儿在鸣唱、松鼠在蹦眺,林深处会跑来一     

CHOOSING STRUCTURE—DEPENDENT DRAG COEFFICIENT IN MODELING GAS—SOLID TWO—PHASE FLOW

Introduction Gas-solid two-phase flow is often encountered inchemical reactors for the process industry. For industrialusers, design, scale-up, control and optimization for thesereactors require a good understanding of the hydrody-namics of gas-solid two-phase flow. For researchers, ex-ploration and prediction of the complex phenomena call fora good comprehension of the heterogeneous structure andof the dominant mechanisms of gas-solid and solid-solidinteractions.     

等离子喷涂铁—镍—钴—碳化钨涂层制动摩擦特性的研究

重载制动摩擦磨损特性制约着刹车装置的刹车性能及其使用寿命，在ＭＭ－１０００试验机上，对等离子涂Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－ＷＣ涂层的重载制动摩擦特性进行了试验研究，结果表明，在相同的试验条件下，等离子喷涂涂层分别与石棉摩擦材料笠金属摩擦材料对摩时的摩擦系数均比与基体３５ＣｒＭｏ钢对摩时的高，制动时间短，劝 耐磨     

A damage model for crack initiation and growth

A damage accumulation model is presented for the study of the problem of crack initiation and stable growth in an elastic-plastic material. A centre-cracked specimen subjected to a uniform stress perpendicular to the crack plane is considered. A coupled stress and failure analysis is performed by using a finite element computer program based on J₂-plasticity theory in conjunction with the strain energy density theory. After initial yielding, each material element follows a different equivalent uniaxial stress-strain behavior depending on the amount of energy dissipation by permanent deformation. A host of uniaxial stress-strain curves constituting parts of the same stress-strain curve were assigned to material elements for each increment of loading. The path-dependent nature of the onset of crack initiation and growth was revealed. The proposed model predicts faster crack growth rates than those obtained on the basis of a single uniaxial stress-strain curve and is closer to experimental observation.     

一种精确积分的四结点板弯曲单元

本文从Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ／Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ理论出发,采用一种新的平行四边形母单元和相应的形函数推导四结点板弯曲单元刚度矩阵的精确积分解。弯曲应变和横向剪切应变分别采用不同的插值公式构成单元刚度矩阵。理论和算例分析表明本文方法克服了“闭锁”现象并能应用于很薄的板,单元刚度矩阵计算速度比采用数值积分计算的同类单元的快四倍。     

一种高效率弹塑性有限元分析新方法：增量杂交／混合修正弦线模量法

本文在文献[1]给出的放松应力增量平衡约束的修正余能广义变分原理基础上,提出一种高效率的弹塑性有限元分析的新方法——增量杂交/混合修正弦线模量法。该法保持了文[1]方法的全部优点,而在迭代过程中,依据材料的单向拉伸应力—应变关系,不断改变过渡区和塑性区单元柔度矩阵和塑性矩阵中的弹性模量;并在体积压缩模量不变假设下,相应地改变过渡区单元矩阵中的泊松系数。从而大大降低了迭代收敛次数和单刚计算量,提高了多类变量弹塑性有限元分析的计算效率和收敛精度。     

The increment stiffness matrix and total quantum stiffness in nonlinear analyses

In this paper, the expressions of both increment stiffness matrix and total quantum stiffness matrix in nonlinear analyses are derived in detail, and their relationship is discussed in mathematical meaning. The results given in our paper will be of great importance to the analyses of nonlinear numerical and nonlinear stability in finite element methods.     

一种考虑初始垂度影响的非线性索单元

本文首先运用Mathematic的符号运算功能，通过解偏微分方程给出了不等高单索的显式解析解，然后把该解析解应用于索微元的应变计算中，在此基础上用虚功原理推导了考虑初始垂度影响的两节点非线性索单元，并给出了索单元的单刚矩阵的具体形式，通过与两节点直线索单元的单铡矩阵的形式的比较，明确了该曲线非线性索单元的修正项，并给出了垂度影响因子的变化曲线。比较直观的给出了垂度对索单元刚度各项的影响程度。该非线性索单元既有多节点索单元精度高的特点，又有节点少，刚度元素较易求解以及有限元列式简洁等特点。本文通过两个数值算例表明，本文的非线性索单元是正确的，也表明了所编制的非线性计算程序是正确和可靠的。     

摩擦接触弹塑性分析的数学规划法

本文提出摩擦接触弹塑性分析的数学规划法,是弹性接触问题解法的推广,使之能处理比例加载时的塑性效应。利用所导出接触问题总刚度阵的逆,结合参变量线性互补公式,仍可消去由接触单元而引入的惩罚因子。于是,可以获得一个弹塑性问题、弹性接触和弹塑性接触问题的有限元参数二次规划法模型。所选的几个实例说明了方法的实用性。     

Estimates of the rupture life of structural components subjected to proportional cyclic loading

The process of creep in metals is associated with physical mechanisms which cause internal damage. This damage weakens the material; so that for a given stress level, the strain-rate increases with time. As a result of this behaviour, stress redistribution occurs which can greatly influence the ruptuie life of structural components. By use of the appropriate constitutive relations which model the tertiary portion of the creep curve, it is possible to estimate the life of a structural component by use of finite element methods. Unfortunately, the procedure is demanding on computer time; and, as a result, considerable attention has been given to the possibility of the use of bounding techniques which ease the computing problem and which are particularly useful at the early stage of design. Techniques have already been developed for bounding the rupture life of structural components subjected to constant loading and these are found to be useful. In this paper, bounding procedures are developed for structural components subjected to proportional cyclic loading. The results may be expressed in terms of a representative rupture stress, so that structural-component performance can readily be related to material behaviour.     

缩径焊接空心球压弯下节点刚度研究

以缩径焊接空心球节点为研究对象,运用正交设计法设计了 9个试件,试验研究了压弯受力状态下节点的名义抗弯刚度.利用ABAQUS软件建立缩径焊接空心球节点分析模型,采用线性强化应力-应变关系,考虑几何和材料非线性的影响,对压弯受力状态下的缩径焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度进行了有限元分析,绘制了节点弯矩-转角曲线,得到了节点名义...     

模拟火炮后坐运动的非线性弹簧－阻尼单元

根据非线性有限元法的基本理论，建立了火炮发射动力学的有限元运动方程，推导出单元耗散为向量和单元阻尼矩阵的计算公式。提出采用非线性弹簧－阻尼单元来模拟反后坐装置对炮身后坐的阻尼作用，并给出了该单元的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵。根据炮身的后坐过程的三个阶段，提出采用分段拟合的方法确定非线性单元的参数以模拟火炮后坐阻力－位移曲线。采用非线性有限元单元模拟后坐装置，能够较准确地描述炮身部分的后坐运动，同时在大简化了全炮模型的建立，为全炮的动力学仿真提出了一条新的思路。     

一种单元谐波平衡法

基于有限元离散,对于工程中的非线性响应问题,提出一种单元谐波平衡法．与常规的谐波平衡法不同,本文将谐波平衡方程建立在有限元素上,从而兼顾了有限元素法和常规谐波平衡法两大优势．有限元技术的应用能使得求解问题的范围扩大到复杂工程结构,而谐波平衡概念的使用将使得含有复杂变形和复杂本构关系的动力学响应问题得到有效解决．所提方法能适用于工程结构中具有复杂非线性关系的动力学响应问题．由于谐波平衡法的实施依赖于谐波系数方程及其切线刚度矩阵的解析推导,尽管已经局限到有限元素上,但对于较为复杂一些的本构关系,推导仍非易事．为解决这些问题,放弃通常对于变形梯度和应变张量所作的向量假设,而是从连续介质力学中基本的几何关系入手,提出一种矩阵分解形式．通过利用张量的内蕴导数定义以及关于迹函数的有关性质,给出应力增量的一种新的表现形式．当它与变形梯度的矩阵分解相结合时,使得切线刚度矩阵的导出变得十分简单,而且所得计算形式也比通常紧凑和方便许多．