金属氧化物半导体场效应管热载流子退化的1/fγ噪声相关性研究

研究了金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件在高、中、低三种栅压应力下的热载流子退化效应及其1/fγ噪声特性.基于Si/SiO2界面缺陷氧化层陷阱和界面陷阱的形成理论,结合MOS器件1/f噪声产生机制,并用双声子发射模型模拟了栅氧化层缺陷波函数与器件沟道自由载流子波函数及其相互作用产生能级跃迁、交换载流子的具体过程.建立了热载流子效应、材料缺陷与电参量、噪声之间的统一物理模型.还提出了用噪声参数Sfγ表征高、中、低三种栅应力下金属氧化物半导体场效应管抗热载流子损伤能力的方法.根据热载流子对噪声影响的物理机制设计了实验并验证这个模型.实验结果与模型符合良好.     

星载傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的脉冲噪声抑制方法

在分析星载傅里叶变换红外光谱仪干涉图的噪声特性后,提出一种抑制脉冲噪声的方法。计算以干涉图的采样点、相对零光程差得到的对称点、两侧采样点后,对得到的插值点建立参照值,通过与阈值比较确定脉冲噪声位置。实验表明,所提方法可以将光谱相对偏差由0.24%抑制到0.17%,将噪声等效辐亮度差由0.069 mW·m~(-2)·sr~(-1)·cm抑制到0.056 mW·m~(-2)·sr~(-1)·cm。所提方法在抑制脉冲噪声的同时保留了有效光谱信息,提高了星载傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的探测灵敏度。     

磁光记录信号及噪声分析

分析了磁光记录系统中噪声的影响,认为在信息数据通道中电子噪声是最严重的问题。对于记录激光的光强相对于平均光强的变化必须控制在10％以内。若采用差动伺服系统则激光的噪声必须再减小一个数量级,即在1％以内,还对三种不同的信号探测方法进行了分析和讨论。     

一种α稳定分布参数估计方法及其在冰源噪声统计建模中的应用

为研究冰源噪声的统计特性,扩展了一种用于合成孔径雷达图像信号参数估计的α稳定分布参数估计方法的适用范围,解决了该方法在特征指数α接近2时,偏斜参数β的估计精度严重下降的问题,并将其应用于北极冰源噪声的统计建模中。该方法利用两个特征函数点进行参数估计,第二个特征函数点ω₀的取值范围受尺度参数γ值影响。数值仿真表明:当γ∈[0.00006,0.4]时,ω₀> 1时的参数估计性能更好;当γ∈(0.4,2]时, 0 <ω₀ <0.5时的参数估计性能更好。北极噪声数据的验证结果表明,ω₀> 1时的α稳定分布对冰源噪声表现出良好的建模效果。最后给出了不同海冰状态下α值的统计规律。     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ和PrBa2Cu3O7-δ1/f噪声尺寸效应的研究

我们分别测量了YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO）和PrBa2Cu3O7-δ（PRBCO）微桥样品在正常态沿ab面方向的1/f噪声，发现这两种材料分别存在着数量级为10^1μm和10^2μm的特征尺度，在此尺寸以下，噪声水平急剧下降，即噪声的尺寸效应，我认为这一结果反映出样品是由尺寸为10^0μm的独立小区组成，小尺寸样品噪声表现是这些小区涨落叠加的结果。     

掠动叶对微型轴流风扇气动-声学性能的影响研究

轴向掠是叶片的径向成型方法之一.本文基于Fluent软件分别对具有前10°、后掠10°和径向0°动叶的三种风扇模型进行了定常流场和非定常流场的数值模拟,然后基于FW-H积分完成了风扇流动噪声的远场辐射计算,研究动叶的轴向掠对小尺寸轴流风扇气动与声学性能的影响.结果表明,前掠叶片和后掠叶片使风扇的全压在大流量工作区域低于0°径向风扇,内效率也略有降低.在气动声学性能方面,研究结果表明前掠不利于本文所研究的微型轴流风扇气动噪声的抑制,但后掠动叶降低了风扇的噪声,相比径向风扇,后掠风扇的远场噪声总声压级约下降1. dB.     

透过散射介质的结构光重构方法及特性分析

结构光透过生物组织、沙尘等强散射介质时历经多重散射,会改变原有相位信息和传播方向,破坏相干性,最后形成散斑。本文主要针对结构光重构特征和适用性进行分析,以条形结构光作为入射光,透过散射介质后,分别运用直接求逆法、相位共轭法和TVAL3法对其进行重构,并分析不同测量噪声水平下,三种方法对条形结构光的重构效果。仿真结果表明:测量噪声水平为0时,直接求逆法能得到较完美的重构效果;存在测量噪声且测量噪声水平小于0.025I时,TVAL3法能较好实现重构,而相位共轭法重构效果一直较差。同时,也运用三种方法实现了单点、三点的点光源重构。     

船用三通调节阀流-固耦合噪声数值模拟

针对船用PN10DN32三通调节阀噪声声压频谱、声指向性等声学特性规律不明确,噪声声压级是否满足使用要求的问题,基于流-固耦合理论,同时考虑流-固耦合面及流体域内的脉动声学激励源,开展阀门噪声数值模拟研究。分别对三通调节阀在80%及60%开度阀外1 m处的噪声进行数值模拟,分析研究噪声声压频谱特性及声指向性规律。结果表明：80%及60%开度下的噪声声压级分别为49.14 dB(A)、50.79 dB(A),均小于60 d B(A)的噪声限制,满足使用要求。该文为船用三通调节阀噪声数值模拟提供了理论及方法参考。     

色噪声驱动的肿瘤细胞增长系统的瞬态性质:平均首通时间

研究了受色高斯噪声驱动的肿瘤细胞增长系统的瞬态态性质(平均首通时间T). 据Novikov定理和Fox近似方法得到相应的Fokker-Planck方程,使用最快下降法得到了肿瘤细胞增长系统的平均首通时间的解析表达式.经过数值计算,结果表明：肿瘤增长系统的T在正关联(0<λ<1, λ为关联噪声强度)和负关联(-1<λ<0)呈现出不同的特性. 正关联时,噪声强度和对应的关联时间在态转化过程中起着相反的作用;然而,负关联时,肿瘤增长系统的关键词： 色噪声 肿瘤细胞增长系统 平均首通时间     

视觉掩盖效应下的无参考图像信噪比评价

针对噪声图像,提出一种视觉掩盖效应下的无参考图像信噪比评价方法。采用Hosaka分块思想,利用四叉树分解,取消了Hosaka分块对图像尺寸的限制,分块的大小体现出块内图像的主要频率成分;然后检测各个子块噪声,根据图像的污染程度,计算NRPSNR值。利用LIVE Database Release2图像库中的WN的174幅图像检验NRPSNR与DMOS的相关度,并与MSE、PSNR以及HVSNR比较分析。实验结果表明,该方法总体评价效果优于其他3种评价方法,CC为-0.895 0,SROCC为-0.923 6,OR为0.042 9,主客观评价比较吻合,且对于其他噪声类型同样适用,体现了人的视觉掩盖效应,可以满足对无参考噪声图像进行准确可靠的质量评价要求。     

数字滤波方法在TDLAS逃逸氨检测中的选用

介绍了可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)原理和实验系统,并对系统噪声进行了分析;以体积比浓度为90×10-6和30×10-6的NH₃为例,利用TDLAS系统采集了该浓度气体的二次谐波原始光谱。为改善光谱信号,分别用五种数字滤波方法对原始光谱进行了滤波处理比较,做了NH₃的浓度梯度实验并对浓度为20×10-6 NH₃进行了长时间监测实验。实验结果表明,算术平均-小波变换滤波相比其他方法更有效地对原始光谱信号进行了改善,提高了系统信噪比和信号平滑度,使系统浓度检测限由原来的10×10-6降低到1.25×10-6,信噪比提高了约14倍,为逃逸氨极低浓度检测提供了一种较为有效的数据预处理方法。     

Consonant and vowel confusions in speech-weighted noise

This paper presents the results of a closed-set recognition task for 64 consonant-vowel sounds (16 C X 4 V, spoken by 18 talkers) in speech-weighted noise (-22,-20,-16,-10,-2 [dB]) and in quiet. The confusion matrices were generated using responses of a homogeneous set of ten listeners and the confusions were analyzed using a graphical method. In speech-weighted noise the consonants separate into three sets: a low-scoring set C1 (/f/, /theta/, /v/, /d/, /b/, /m/), a high-scoring set C2 (/t/, /s/, /z/, /S/, /Z/) and set C3 (/n/, /p/, /g/, /k/, /d/) with intermediate scores. The perceptual consonant groups are C1: {/f/-/theta/, /b/-/v/-/d/, /theta/-/d/}, C2: {/s/-/z/, /S/-/Z/}, and C3: /m/-/n/, while the perceptual vowel groups are /a/-/ae/ and /epsilon/-/iota/. The exponential articulation index (AI) model for consonant score works for 12 of the 16 consonants, using a refined expression of the AI. Finally, a comparison with past work shows that white noise masks the consonants more uniformly than speech-weighted noise, and shows that the AI, because it can account for the differences in noise spectra, is a better measure than the wideband signal-to-noise ratio for modeling and comparing the scores with different noise maskers.     

Experimental Research on Noise Reduction for Realistic Landing Gear Geometries

Acoustical Physics - An experimental study of noise reduction methods has been carried out for realistic small-scale (1&nbsp;:&nbsp;10) models of aircraft landing gear based on two ideas:...     

Wheel/rail noise—means for control

Wheel/rail noise is one of the primary sources of noise from rail system operations—in many cases, the primary source. This paper is a review of the methods available for controlling all three types of wheel/rail noise: squeal, impact, and roar (rolling noise). The acoustical performance, non-acoustical benefits, problems, constraints, and additional research and testing requirements for each noise control treatment are presented.     

Noise-induced reentrant transition of the stochastic Duffing oscillator

We derive the exact bifurcation diagram of the Duffing oscillator with parametric noise thanks to the analytical study of the associated Lyapunov exponent. When the fixed point is unstable for the underlying deterministic dynamics, we show that the system undergoes a noise-induced reentrant transition in a given range of parameters. The fixed point is stabilised when the amplitude of the noise belongs to a well-defined interval. Noisy oscillations are found outside that range, i.e., for both weaker and stronger noise.Received: 20 February 2004, Published online: 20 April 2004PACS: 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion - 05.10.Gg Stochastic analysis methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) - 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems     

紫外线的应用、探测及其新发展

紫外辐射在电磁辐射波谱中的波长范围为４００～１０ｎｍ。随着波长的变化，紫外线具有各种不同的物理特性和效应。本文概述了各种紫外线效应及其应用，尤其指出了它在军事应用方面的新发展及其广阔前景，例如：紫外线制导，紫外线告警，紫外线通讯和干扰等。上述应用得到了广泛的重视和迅猛的发展。紫外技术的应用与探测技术有关。本文指出了紫外探测的三种方法：紫外荧光转换法，分光光度法和卫星遥感法。并着重指出了上述应用中需解决的有关探测技术方面的关键问题：紫外大气传输理论和散射模型及其仿真系统，新型高灵敏度低噪声紫外探测器，低噪声信息处理系统，高性能紫外光源和紫外光学系统。     

连续激光二极管端面抽运Nd:YAG激光器噪声研究

以连续激光二极管端面抽运NdYAG激光器为实验模型,研究了该激光器中输出激光强度噪声、频率噪声和场分布噪声的特性,并根据实验数据推算出NdYAG晶体的粒子上能级寿命随温度变化为1.83μsK,发射截面随温度变化为-0.146×10-19cm2K。     

Generating partially correlated noise--a comparison of methods

There are three standard methods for generating two channels of partially correlated noise: the two-generator method, the three-generator method, and the symmetric-generator method. These methods allow an experimenter to specify a target cross correlation between the two channels, but actual generated noises show statistical variability around the target value. Numerical experiments were done to compare the variability for those methods as a function of the number of degrees of freedom. The results of the experiments quantify the stimulus uncertainty in diverse binaural psychoacoustical experiments: incoherence detection, perceived auditory source width, envelopment, noise localization/lateralization, and the masking level difference. The numerical experiments found that when the elemental generators have unequal powers, the different methods all have similar variability. When the powers are constrained to be equal, the symmetric-generator method has much smaller variability than the other two.     

Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider

We present an optical frequency divider based on a 200 MHz repetition rate Er:fiber mode-locked laser that, when locked to a stable optical frequency reference, generates microwave signals with absolute phase noise that is equal to or better than cryogenic microwave oscillators. At 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier, the phase noise is below -100 dBc/Hz, limited by the optical reference. For offset frequencies >10 kHz, the phase noise is shot noise limited at -145 dBc/Hz. An analysis of the contribution of the residual noise from the Er:fiber optical frequency divider is also presented.     

A new method for removing impulse noise based on noise space characteristic

This paper proposes a new method for eliminating impulse noise. Based on the space characteristic of object and noise, three kinds of basic noise patterns are introduced to describe noise and detect noise candidates. Correspondingly, noise removal operators are presented to remove the impulse noise. Extensive experiment results have shown that the proposed method is better than some of the state-of-the-art methods.