共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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对存在壁面滑移的含非溶性表面活性剂薄液膜在固体表面的去湿过程,采用PDECOL程序对描述其演化过程的液膜厚度和表面活性剂浓度方程组进行数值求解.基于液膜表面扰动波形的变化,分析各参数对去湿特性及液膜稳定性的影响规律.研究指出:Marangoni数M较小时其效应使液膜失稳区缩短,而M较大时液膜失稳区间无限延伸,稳定性降低;毛细力数减小使液膜失稳区间缩短,减至一定程度后可有效抑制去湿现象的发生;滑移效应对演化过程的影响与M有关,M较小时滑移使液膜失稳区间缩减,使扰动增长率增大,M较大时这一影响并不显著;随平衡液膜厚度增大,液膜表面的扰动程度减小,但扰动区间显著增大.相对于外源性表面活性剂而言,内源性情形的失稳区间更小,液膜稳定性更强. 相似文献
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膜蒸馏过程中的膜内冷凝现象是该技术在实际应用中不可忽视的一个重要问题。本文以疏水化改性处理的纤维膜作为研究对象,采用实验现象观察和理论分析并用的方法,研究了纤维膜在膜蒸馏过程发生膜内毛细管冷凝的影响因素包括膜蒸馏模块结构、蒸馏膜参数、热力学参数,探讨了毛细冷凝对膜蒸馏的影响。实验表明毛细冷凝可以在膜蒸馏过程中发生,但并不终止膜蒸馏过程,而是减小了传质系数。毛细冷凝容易发生在蒸馏膜厚度小、热料液温度高、冷却液温度低或气隙小的情况下。实验结果和理论分析表明,传质系数实验值的降低可作为膜孔内发生毛细冷凝的判定依据。通过简化蒸气在疏水多孔介质的传递过程,建立了膜蒸馏过程发生毛细冷凝时的传质平衡模型。 相似文献
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《工程热物理学报》2021,42(6):1569-1574
多孔材料常用于飞行器舱室表面结构,而其暴露在空气中时容易吸附湿分。对低含湿材料舱室,在外侧受热情况下,材料内部湿分会发生相变形成蒸汽向舱室内腔输运,从而影响舱室内部电子仪器的正常工作。本文通过开展基于多相混合物模型的数值模拟研究,研究了单侧受热情况下吸潮多孔材料内部的湿分输运过程,揭示了低含湿多孔材料内部的湿分输运机理及影响因素,并预测内侧非受热表面的进水量。计算结果表明,材料孔隙率及孔隙尺寸对进水量影响较小,而渗透率影响显著。较低的渗透率使得向非受热表面输运并冷凝的蒸汽量增加,最终致使进入舱内的蒸汽量增加。本文讨论了多孔材料特性对单侧受热过程湿分输运的影响机理,为减小吸潮影响的材料改进方向提供了依据。 相似文献
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通过对已有的多组分气体在多孔介质中的扩散模型与实验结果对比,发现尘气模型(DGM)与实验结果吻合较好,并利用该模型对CH_4/O_2/N_2三元混合气体在不同孔径的多孔介质内扩散过程进行了数值模拟,分析了扩散与对流两种机理在有/无压差下对扩散通量的影响,对比分析了干燥和含水非饱和多孔介质中的扩散过程.结果表明在无压差的扩散过程中也存在对流;气体的扩散速度随孔径的减小先增大后减小;含水非饱和多孔介质中扩散速度减弱。 相似文献
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不对称蚀刻法的分桥表明,在灵敏度不变时可以得到小孔径核孔膜。实验显示,由于孔径不均匀现象的制约,核孔膜的孔径可减小到1/2。温度梯度蚀刻法的分桥表明,导通时间的减小与膜两面的温度差成正比,在实际条件下孔径减小到1/5。模拟计算表明,采用该方法可得到控状孔核孔膜,但蚀刻过程很难控制。 相似文献
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运用扫描电镜 (SEM )图像研究了聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)粉料经过推挤、辊压和拉伸得到的微孔膜的形态结构 ,观察到膜是由网状纤维及由它所连接的结点所组成 .单相和双向拉伸显著影响到膜结构的改变 ,而未经热处理的拉伸膜的丝状纤维在放置中收缩改变了膜的微孔形态结构 ,但在孔径测定中没有显著变化 .认为纤维丝是PTFE粉料在推挤和辊压中形成的结点在拉伸中伸展引出的并产生孔隙 ,而由于从SEM仅能观察到 1nm深度的膜表面层 ,厚度达数十微米多孔膜的孔径分布应是很错杂的 . 相似文献
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本文对PVA、PAN等几种高分子膜的紫外光透过性能进行了实验研究,为高分子膜在生物领域找到了新的应用,在选择透紫外光膜时,一方面要考虑高分子的分子结构,另一方面要考虑膜孔、膜厚等膜结构参数。 相似文献
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基于植物根系仿生的土壤热湿迁移数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以实验数据为依据,把土壤中的水分含量和水分梯度分布作为影响植物根系生长的环境因子,结合非饱和多孔介质中传热传质的数学模型,对冬小麦的根系生长进行仿生模拟,分析根系吸水对非饱和土壤湿分与热量传递的影响。在相同环境条件下,对裸土和有作物覆盖的土壤床中的热、湿迁移也进行了模拟比较。 相似文献
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Osvaldo Chara Andrs N. McCarthy C. Gastn Ferrara Ernesto R. Caffarena J. Raúl Grigera 《Physica A》2009,388(21):4551-4559
The study of properties of water in the vicinity of surfaces poses a fascinating challenge. In this article we studied the behavior of water molecules in the neighborhood of membranes. We addressed the question of how these water molecules are influenced by the membranes’ hydrophilicity. Three systems were studied through molecular dynamics simulations: water in the presence of a hydrophilic membrane (PL), water in the presence of a hydrophobic (PB) one and water in the absence of membranes (BULK). Additionally, in order to study the dependence of the effect of the membrane on the behavior of neighboring water molecules with temperature, each system was simulated at three different temperatures (K): 250, 300 and 350. For each condition, kinetic and structural features were studied. The first feature involved the calculation of diffusion coefficients and activation energy. The second feature was evaluated through the study of water density and hydrogen bond distribution. From the present study we concluded that: (1) density studies underestimate the influence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes on the neighboring water molecules; (2) the hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes disturb the hydrogen bond network within distances ranging from 1 to 8 nm, depending on the nature of the membrane and the temperature conditions; (3) the presence of a hydrophobic surface results in an enhancement of the natural hydrogen bond network present in liquid water, to a greater extent than what even an ordered Ih ice structure is able to achieve (i.e. PL membrane); (4) the structural enhancement due to the presence of a hydrophobic surface involves roughly 18 to 24 water hydration layers, for ambient and above temperature conditions. 相似文献
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Ghader Khanbabaei Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani Ali Rahmatpour 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(12):2376-2392
Permeation and sorption of methane and n-butane gases in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (DPh-DM) block copolymer membranes were studied at room temperature and different upstream pressures. The membranes were prepared via room temperature vulcanization of vinyl terminated siloxanes through platinum catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions by mixing stoichiometric amounts of polymer, crosslinker, and catalyst, and casting of the mixture solutions with hexane. Composite membranes of polysiloxanes on a polyacrylonitrile microporous support were synthesized for permeation experiments and single layer dense films were used in sorption experiments. The effect of upstream pressure on permeability, solubility, and diffusivity of these membranes was evaluated. It was found that selectivity of the DPh-DM copolymer membrane for n-C4H10 relative to CH4 was up to 19% higher than that in PDMS membrane. Both solubility and diffusivity selectivities had positive contributions in permselectivity improvement. The improvement in selectivity was attained with less than a 6% decrease in permeability of n-C4H10. Up to 11% improvement in selectivity was also obtained in mixed gas experiment. 相似文献
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以回收实际丙烯酸丁酯废水有机酸的双极膜电渗析膜堆中的阴离子交换膜为研究对象,对膜使用前后的性能进行了表征,并综合通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对膜表面组分变化进行了表征。膜性能分析结果表明,使用后的阴离子交换膜受到污染,膜电阻增大,迁移数减小。能谱分析结果表明, 使用后阴离子交换膜表面污染物C和O元素含量(以原子百分比计)显著升高,分别从78.10%,8.34%升高到81.76%,12.05%, 表明膜污染物为含碳含氧物质。XPS谱图C1s峰的分析表明,-COO-Na+化学态的百分含量从污染前的8.5%升高到污染后的13.7%,表明膜污染物中含有-COO-Na+。ATR-FTIR分析结果表明,阴离子交换膜使用后,在1 561 cm-1处的吸收增强,而此波长正是-COO-M+(M为金属)的反对称伸缩振动峰,进一步验证了XPS分析结果。由于丙烯酸丁酯废水中含有聚丙烯酸钠,因此采用聚丙烯酸钠溶液污染阴离子交换膜,并对污染后离子交换膜进行膜性能、XPS和ATR-FTIR的分析。结果表明,聚丙烯酸钠导致阴离子交换膜膜电阻增大,迁移数减小,XPS谱图-COO-Na+化学态的百分含量增加,ATR-FTIR谱图1 561 cm-1处吸收增强。综合上述结果,聚丙烯酸钠是废水中造成阴离子交换膜污染的重要物质。光谱分析方法是离子交换膜污染层表征和污染物鉴别的有效手段。 相似文献
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Polyethersulfone (PES)/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by phase inversion method with nano-TiO2 as additive. The influence of TiO2 on the morphologies and the performances of PES/TiO2 membranes were investigated through the methods of SEM, XRD, TGA, contact angle goniometer, mechanical strength tests and filtration experiments. The results showed that the structure of membrane was not obviously affected by addition of TiO2, and the performances such as hydrophilicity, thermal stability, mechanical strength and anti-fouling ability of membrane were enhanced through adding TiO2 nanoparticles. At 0.5 wt.% TiO2 content, the composite membrane has an excellent performance, however higher TiO2 content (than 0.5 wt.%) resulted in defective pore structure of the membranes and decline of the performances, such as permeability and mechanical strength. TGA and mechanical strength analyses indicated good compatibility between polymers and TiO2 nanoparticles. 相似文献
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激光脉冲加热下含湿多孔介质温湿信号的测量与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了一种动态测量激光脉冲加热下多孔介质温湿信号变化的方法。借助于响应时间为1μs的超小型薄膜电阻及日本 YOKOGAWA DL2700数字示波器,研制了能对激光脉冲加热下多孔介质温湿信号的变化迅速作出响应的测量系统。利用可编程NdYAG激光发生器触发高能流密度的小尺寸短脉冲激光,轰击有高空隙率及热延迟时间为秒量级的纸张,进行测定多孔介质温湿信号变化的实验。通过实验发现,在该测量系统下可观测到明显的湿纸张温度信号的阶跃与波动效应以及湿份信号的突变特征。信号洁净、干扰小、信噪比高,信号有良好的跟随性,从而为研究多孔介质超急速传热传质过程中热质的传递行为提供实验测量手段。 相似文献