高温超导YBaCuO薄膜的不稳定性实验

一、引言 高温氧化物超导材料一出现,科学家们就注意将它制成薄膜材料、以此迈向实用化。利用高温氧化物超导材料制造超导量子干涉探测器,高速微芯片,红外探测器、高温超导晶体管等是各国科学家应用开发的重要领域,其他如超导混频器、超导天线等可用于通信、军事等领域具有广阔的前途。已经发展了许多方法制备高温超导薄膜,诸如DC或RF磁控溅射、     

高温氧化物超导材料奇特的输运性质

高温氧化物超导材料有很多不同寻常的物理性质，其最奇特的部分是正常态的输运性质．     

《高温超导物理》书评

自从１９８６年初Ｂｅｄｎｏｒｚ和Ｍ¨ｕｌｌｅｒ发现镧钡铜氧化物是临界温度高于３０Ｋ的超导材料以来,人们开始使用高温超导电性或常规（ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ）超导电性这些名词．开始时这样说是想强调新发现的这些铜氧化物超导材料与其他的超导材料在临界温度上有很大差异．但是随着研究工作的逐步深入,这样说的含义已远远超出当初强调临界温度的差异的意思,而变成在物理上有深刻内涵的分类了．迄今已发现的近６０种铜氧化物超导材料,从它们的晶体结构、正常态和超导态的物理性质、这些性质和材料的化学组成的关系等等方面,…     

超导技术联合研究开发中心讨论通过建立国内新超导体临界电流密度测试规范标准(暂行)

随着高温氧化物超导研究的发展,提高超导临界电流密度已成为高温超导体研究的重要目标之一。因此,准确测量该材料的临界电流密度是很重要的。根据国内所用仪器的测量精度和国际通用的习惯,经九月十五日超导技术联合研究开发中心学术委员会讨论通过,提出如下电流密度测量的暂行规范标准:     

氧化物超导材料上电极的两种方法

本文报道了氧化物超导材料上电极的两种方法的试验情况．     

非含Cu氧化物超导体的超导电性机制

基于单占据ａ_ｉσ表象和电荷涨落机制，应用简并微扰理论推导了非含ｃｕ氧化物Ｂａ_1-x·Ｋ_xＢｉＯ₃的双带Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型有效哈密顿量．考虑到坐标空间两个相反自旋空穴的次近邻格位配对，得到了格林函数运动方程和超导方程．合理解释了超交换作用和跳跃能对次近邻配对的作用，并且超导窗是由于坐标空间Ｃｏｏｐｅｒ配对的结果． 关键词：     

氧化物异质界面上的准二维超导

由于对称性破缺、晶格失配、电荷转移和空间限域等多自由度的协同关联作用,氧化物异质界面演生出许多与相应体材料所不同的物理性质,其中氧化物界面超导由于蕴含丰富物理内涵吸引了广泛的关注.近年来,得益于氧化物异质外延以及物性精准表征技术的迅猛发展,研究人员已经在多种氧化物异质界面上观测到了准二维的界面超导,并研究了与其相关的许多新奇量子现象,不仅推动了凝聚态物理研究的发展,也为界面超导走向实际应用奠定了重要基础.本文主要介绍和讨论氧化物界面上的准二维超导,以典型的LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃界面准二维超导及La₂CuO₄/La_1.56Sr_0.44CuO₄等铜氧化物界面超导为例,总结分析氧化物界面超导中新奇的物理现象,并指出该研究体系目前存在的一些问题,最后展望界面超导未来的发展方向.     

高温超导性综述

本报告综述了高温超导电性的理论发展,并在此基础上,探讨了最近发现高Tc超导氧化物的超导机制。     

LaO1-xFxBiS2 层状材料超导电性研究

层状材料一直是超导研究领域的热点材料, 陆续有数十种新型的层状超导材料被不断发现, 从至今为止超导转变温度最高的铜氧化物材料, 到铁基超导, 再到诸多新型的层状材料, 学者们关于超导微观机制的理解也在随之更新, 从取得成功的 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer 经典理论到至今无法解释的非常规超导机制, 研究之路从未停止. 本文将研究利用助熔剂法合成的 LaO1 -xFxBiS2 材料的结构、 电阻、 磁化率等性质, 并与国际社会上已存在的研究成果进行对比, 同时从晶体结构、 压力效应、 体超导电性、 临界温度、 微观机制五个方面, 对近年发现的镧系铋硫基层状超导材料的研究情况进行讨论.     

钇-钡-铜-氧系超导材料的透射电子显微镜研究

在Y-Ba-Cu-O系超导材料中有两个Y-Ba-Cu的氧化物,一个是超导正交相,经微区X射线能谱分析,该相钇与钡的原子比约为1:2。晶体沿c方向的超结构周期是畸变钙铁矿型亚结构的三倍。从晶体沿α方向的高分辨电子显微象可看到在钇原子周围的铜原子在c方向的距离略小于钡原子周围的铜原子间距,这是由于在垂直于c方向的钇原子层上没有氧原子,从而造成Y-Cu-O亚晶胞的畸变。另一个Y-Ba-Cu的氧化物也属正交晶系,晶胞参数α=7.12A,b=12.2A,c=5.56A。钇与钡的原子比约为2:1。在La-Ba-Cu-O化合物中,超导相有四方晶胞,晶胞大小类似于上述超导相。晶体中有大量90°晶畴,晶畴大小约百埃数量级。这是由于材料中La原子过剩,多余的La原子集中于畴界处而造成的。     

Determination of transition curves of high-Tc superconductors by phase contrast microscopy

A new method which allows the detection of the superconducting phase transition of high-T_c superconductors (HTSC) on a microscopic scale is reported. Micro-size holes in thin foils of superconducting material are examined in a transmission electron microscope at varying temperatures. The superconducting transition induces small changes in the image intensity within the holes, which can be detected by using electronic image analysis. Superconducting transition curves are then obtained for various types of high-T_c superconductors and for given values of the applied magnetic field.     

Study of nuclear electric quadrupole splittings in the high-T c phase of Bi-system superconductors

⁵⁷Fe Mossbauer measurement have been performed in the Fe-doped high-T_c phase of Bi-system superconductor. Isomer shifts display presence of Fe³⁺ ions in square and pyramidal coordinations. Regarding the high-T_c superconductors as primarily ionic crystals and using effective valence and point charge model, we have calculated the electric field gradients for Fe as a replacement for Cu in the high-T_c phase. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.     

准二维玻色凝聚、氧空位、高温超导

本文从准二维玻色凝聚出发,研究了层状高温超导氧化物材料中,层厚度和氧空位对临界温度的影响。所得结论应用到YBa₂Cu₃O₇中,与已知的实验定性符合。 关键词：     

Effect of changing microstructure of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors on the vortex motion under non-equilibrium thermal conditions

Repetition of cooling and heating of high-T_c superconductors is detected to be able to result in some change of their microstructure. A non-equilibrium experimental technique provides direct measurement of the velocity of vortex motion in high-T_c Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. Its value falls in the interval of mm/s depending on the number of the cooling or heating cycles, to which the samples are submitted. The thermal cycling created homogenization of the specimen's microstructure, and is presumed to cause this phenomenon, decreasing the number and strength of pinning centers. This supposition is proved by X-ray diffractography and transmission electron microscopy. A simple irreversible thermodynamic theory is elaborated to describe the reason, direction and dissipative character of the vortex motion. Received: 17 December 1997 / Accepted: 28 January 1998     

非晶态超导体的转变温度Tc与原子质量的关系

本文探讨非晶态超导体的T_c与原子质量M之间的关系,发现在具有相同价电子数的同族元素中,超导T_c与原子质量的立方根成反比,即T_c∝l/M^1/3。讨论了晶态超导体的T_c问题,其中包括高T_c氧化物超导体。 关键词：     

Structural classification and a binary structure model for superconductors

Based on structural and bonding features, a new classification scheme of superconductors is proposed to classify them into three classes: three-dimensional, two-dimensional and molecule-assembled superconductors. The sandwich model' for the high-T_c cuprates is extended to a `binary structure model': i.e., the crystal structure of most superconductors can be partitioned into two parts, a superconducting active component and a supplementary component. Partially metallic covalent bonding is found to be a common feature in all superconducting active components, and the electron states of the atoms in the active components usually make a dominant contribution to the energy band near the Fermi surface. Possible directions to explore new superconductors are discussed based on the structural classification and the binary structure model.     

Low-temperature specific heat of superconductors II: Progress in the new era

Beginning in the late 1980s, many unexpected superconductors have emerged. They raised not only the transition temperature limit but, just as importantly, the theoretical challenges beyond the BCS theory. Following the previous article on historical perspective of low-temperature specific heat of superconductors prior to 1986, we review briefly here some calorimetric studies on representative high-T_c and other novel superconductors discovered during the new era. Major emphasis is centered on special features of each set of temperature- and magnetic field-dependent specific heat data being fitted to select theoretical models. The models may involve multi-gap or a certain type of order-parameter symmetry.     

非磁杂质对高Tc超导电性的影响

本文证明了在氧化物高T_c超导体的Anderson晶格模型中,由于序参量是能量的函数,非磁掺杂也具有拆对效应,在稀掺杂情况下,求出了T_c随杂质浓度增加而线性下降的规律,与实验结果相符,文中还计算了掺杂对超导态密度中能隙的影响,结果表明,当非磁掺杂浓度增加时,零温能隙的减小比T_c的下降慢得多,从而在转变为正常态之前可能不出现类似通常BCS超导体磁性掺杂的无能隙区。 关键词：     

Bi系超导体高Tc相的形成机制

本文研究Bi系超导体高T_c(2223)相的形成机制。提出Bi系氧化物超导体高T_c相的形成过程是:首先Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物(Ca_0.85Sr_0.15CuO₂)与低T_c(2212)相反应形成高T_c相的核,然后样品内2223相核通过象结晶学中晶体生长那样的方式长大成2223相晶粒。2223相成核过程中Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物的形成途径有两条:一条是通过固相反应 关键词：     

On the relation between the energy gap and the critical temperature

It is shown that the ratio β = ϵ/T_c (ϵ is the energy gap at T = OK) saturates with increasing strength of the electron-phonon interaction; the value β_max is calculated. The special case of a multigap superconductor is discussed. New high-T_c superconductors present a unique oppurtunity to observe a multigap structure.