原子核的核密度经验公式与核子结构函数的核效应

文中给出了原子核的核密度经验公式,建立了核密度与原子核的平均结合能之间的联系,由公式可以得出A≥12的所有核的核密度值.利用公式给出的C,Al,Ca,Fe,Sn和Pb核的核密度值及核子结构函数核效应的核密度模型,计算了核效应函数R^A1/A2(x,Q²),所得结果与μ子实验合作组测得的实验结果符合甚好.     

不同能量下核束缚能的影响

在不同能量下， 利用核束缚能对虚光子四动量的平方项进行修正， 分别计算了Sn核碰撞中核束缚能对反应截面中湮灭项和康普顿散射项及K因子的影响。 结果表明， 核束缚能在小x区域对反应截面中湮灭项和康普顿散射项及K因子的影响明显， 并且能量越低这种影响越显著， 随着x2增大影响逐渐消失。 We made a revision of square of virtual photon four momentum by means of using nuclear bin ding energy formula in different energy， and we also made an accurate calculation for the effect of nuclear binding energy on K factor and Compton term and annihilate term in the Drell Yan process of the Sn Sn collision. The outcome indicates that the effect of nuclear binding energy on the annihilate term and the Compton term is marked in little x region and the effect will become more obvious with decrease of the energy and come to disappear with increase of the x.     

核内胶子分布函数的核效应参数公式

利用改进的核密度模型和动量守恒条件, 找到了核内胶子分布函数的核效应参数公式, 其中利用了已经建立的核密度与原子核的平均结合能之间的联系. 利用该模型所得到的核内胶子分布函数, 对轻子打靶核的J/ψ光生过程的核效应给出了满意的解释, 深化了核内胶子分布函数受核效应影响的认识.     

r-过程路径核β——衰变半衰期的估算

分析了20 < A < 190范围内丰中子核β衰变的实验数据,根据半衰期随质子数、中子数以及衰变能变化所呈现的壳效应和对效应等特点,提出了一种有效估算丰中子核β衰变寿命的公式。新的计算公式形式简单包含了较少的参数、计算量小。用该公式能较为准确地再现丰中子核的β衰变半衰期。用RIKEN最新测量丰中子核半衰期检验了该公式的外推能力,本工作可以为r-过程研究提供可靠的输入数据。Experimental data of the β--decay half-lives for the nuclei with atomic number between 20 and 190 are investigated. We have systematically studied the shell effects and pairing effects on β--decay half-lives versus the decay energy Q and nucleon numbers (Z, N). An empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the β--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei. The empirical formula is simple and has relatively few parameters. Experimental β--decay half-lives of the neutron-rich nuclei are well reproduced by the new formula. In addition, the extrapolating capacity of this formula has been checked with the very recent experimental data from RIKEN. The predicted half-lives for r-process relevant nuclei with the current formula can be served as the reliable input of r-process model calculations.     

改进的核密度模型与强子-核Drell-Yan过程中的核效应

提出了改进的核密度模型，用唯象的方法找到了束缚核子内价夸克和海夸克的核效应的参数公式，其中利用了核密度与原子核的平均结合能之间的联系. 利用该模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数，对强子与核的Drell-Yan过程的核效应给出了满意的解释, 深化了对原子核内夸克分布受核效应影响的认识. 关键词： 核密度模型 核效应 强子-核Drell-Yan过程     

改进的核密度模型与轻子-核DIS过程中的核效应

提出了改进的核密度模型, 用唯象的方法找到了束缚核子内价夸克和海夸克的 核效应的参数公式, 其中利用了我们已经建立的核密度与原子核的平均结合能 之间的联系. 利用该模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数, 对轻子与核 的DIS(深度非弹性散射)过程的核效应给出了满意的解释, 深化了对原子核内夸克分布受核效应影响的认识.     

核内夸克-胶子分布

介绍与核内夸克－胶子分布的有关实验现象:ＥＭＣ效应、核遮蔽效应、核Ｄｒｅｌ－Ｙａｎ过程和Ｊ／ψ光生反应等,以及解释它们的理论模型．The experiments of the EMC effect,nuclear shadowing effect,nuclear Drell Yanprocess and J/ψ production related to the quark gluon distributions in nuclei and the theoretical models explaining them are briefly reviewed.      

晕核的标度定律

利用重叠函数的渐近归一化常数(ANC)计算了一系列核的价核子处于核外的几率及价核子密度分布的均方根半径〈r2〉1/2. 由于实验上抽取的核ANC近似与模型参数无关,因此由核ANC计算的核外几率和均方根半径是考察晕核的可靠且有效的观察量. 依价核子处于核外的几率大于50%为条件， 证实了一些核为晕核， 且给出了比较宽松的晕核出现的条件. 此外， 还用〈r2〉/R2≥1.5及〈r2〉1/2/rc≥2.0为判据考察了一系列晕核候选者. 最后， 利用r2算符在有限方势阱中的预期值给出了晕核的标度定律. We have extracted the probability for a valence particle being out the binding potential, as well as the root mean square radius of the probability distribution from the measured nuclear asymptotic normalization coefficients. According to the criterion of nuclear halo, i.e., the valence particle has larger than 50% probability being out of the nuclear binding potential, a number of halo nuclei have been confirmed. Based on these results, we have obtained a very relaxed condition for nuclear halo formation. In addition, a number of nuclear halo candidates have been analyzed with the criteria of 〈r2〉/R2≥1.5 and 〈r2〉1/2/rc≥2.0. Furthermore, we present the scaling laws for the dimensionless quantity 〈r2〉/R2 of the nuclear halo in terms of an analytical expressions of the expectation value for the operator r2 in a finite square well potential.     

形变相关的壳修正对N=126处断前中子发射的同位素效应的影响

利用动力学加统计模型就形变相关的壳修正（DDSC）对中子126壳层附近209,213,217Fr断前中子发射的影响进行了研究。模拟结果表明,DDSC抬升了复合核的裂变位垒,且213Fr的升高约为209,217Fr的2倍,但却没有改变鞍点位置。尽管位垒升高延缓了系统的裂变,但其动力学过程受热力学驱动力（TDF）和核阻尼间竞争的主导,因此准确提取壳修正的作用还需考虑核耗散的形变关系。在裂变第一阶段,当核耗散取一体耗散（OBD）参数时,壳修正没有改变断前中子发射的同位素效应,然而当核耗散取标准参数设置（SPS）时,由于213Fr的TDF存在着异常增强,故该规律未能展现。在裂变第二阶段,位垒升高引起的断前中子发射的增强受到了TDF与核阻尼间竞争的反制,故断前中子发射的同位素效应仍未能显现。综合两阶段情况,DDSC对N=126处断前中子发射的同位素效应的影响受第一阶段规律的支配。The effect of deformation-dependent shell correction (DDSC) on the emission of prescission neutron (EPN) is studied within a dynamical and statistical model for three isotopes of 209,213,217Fr near the neutron 126 closure-shell. The results show that the fission barriers are enhanced with DDSC, and the increment of 213Fr is almost 2 times those of 209,217Fr, but those saddle points are not changed. Although the enhancement of fission barrier delays nuclear fission, the fission dynamics process is controlled by the competition between thermodynamic driving force (TDF) and nuclear damping, so the deformation-dependence of nuclear dissipation must be considered in order to extract the role of shell correction. The shell correction doesn't alter isotope effect of EPN with OBD nuclear dissipation in the first phase of nuclear fission, but the rule does not been exhibited because that there is abnormal enhancement of TDF using SPS nuclear dissipation. The increment of EPN caused by the rise of fission barrier is countered by the competition between TDF and nuclear damping in the second phase of nuclear fission, hence the effect of EPN cannot exhibit. The effect of DDSC on EPN near the neutron 126 closure-shell is dominated by the rules in the first phase of nuclear fission.     

粲夸克对在质子-原子核碰撞J/ψ 产生过程中的能量损失

高能重离子碰撞热核环境中J/ψ产额的压低被认为是夸克胶子等离子体生成的重要信号。研究冷核物质中各种核效应对J/ψ 形成过程的影响,是准确理解热核环境中核效应对J/ψ产额压低机制的重要途径。研究了质子-原子核碰撞J/ψ 产生过程中初态部分子分布函数的核效应、入射质子的能量损失效应、以及末态粲夸克对能量损失效应对J/ψ 粒子产额的压低作用,对质子-原子核碰撞J/ψ产生过程的微分截面比R_Fe/Be(xF)进行了领头阶的唯象分析,并与E866 实验数据中代表J/ψ粒子在靶核外产生的实验数据进行比较,获取了粲夸克对的能量损失值(3.81±1.71) GeV/fm。研究结果表明,部分子分布函数的核效应对截面比RFe=Be(xF) 的压低作用在xF > 0区域是随着xF 的增大而增大的;末态粲夸克对的能量损失效应是影响J= 粒子产额压低的重要核效应;当xF较大时(0:65≤xF≤0.92),初态入射质子的能量损失效应在对微分截面比R_Fe/Be(xF)的压低中起了主要作用。J/ψ suppression observed in hot nuclear matter from heavy-ion collisions is considered as a most reliable signature for the formation of Quark-Gluon Plasma. The study about the nuclear effects on J/ψ production in cold nuclear matter provides an important tool for clarifying the conventional nuclear suppression mechanism in heavy-ion collisions. J/ψ suppression in p-A collisions is studied by considering the nuclear effects on parton distribution, the energy loss of beam proton in initial state, and the finial state energy loss of c¯c pair.The leading-order computations for J/ψ production cross-section ratios RFe=Be(xF) are presented and compared with the selected E866 experimental data with the J/ψ production occurring outside the nucleus, the obtained energy loss of the color octet is (3.81±1.71) GeV/fm. It is found that the nuclear suppression from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution functions becomes larger as the increase of xF in the range xF > 0,the J/ψ suppression on R_Fe/Be(xF) induced by the energy loss of color octet c¯c is an important nuclear effect, in the region 0:656xF 60:92, the energy loss of beam proton in initial state is the dominant mechanism which causes a reduction of the J/ψ yield.     

改进的双重Q~2重标度模型

提出了改进的双重Q2重标度模型,在保持核动量守恒的条件下,用唯象的方法找到了一套重标度参数公式,建立了重标度参数ξv,ξs及ξg与原子核平均结合能之间的联系.利用该模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数,对核DIS过程,核Drell-Yan过程和J/Ψ光生过程均给出满意的解释.     

Quark distributions in nuclei and nuclear effects on nucleon structure functions

Extended quark distribution functions are presented obtained by fitting a large amount of experimental data of the l-A DIS process on the basis of an improved nuclear density model. The experimental data of l-A DIS processes with A≥3 in the region 0.0010≤x≤0.9500 are quite satisfactorily described by using the extended formulae. Our knowledge of the influence of nuclear matter on the quark distributions is deepened.     

Quark distributions in nuclei and nuclear effects on nucleon structure functions

Extended quark distribution functions are presented obtained by fitting a large amount of experi-mental data of the ι-A DIS process on the basis of an improved nuclear density model. The experimental data of ι-A DIS processes with A≥ 3 in the region 0.0010 ≤ x ≤ 0.9500 are quite satisfactorily described by using the extended formulae. Our knowledge of the influence of nuclear matter on the quark distributions is deepened.     

Quark Energy Loss and Shadowing in Nuclear Drell-Yan Process

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of three kinds of quark energy loss parameterizations given in literature and the nuclear parton distribution extracted only with lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering experimental data, measured Drell-Yan production cross sections are analyzed for 800 GeV proton incident on a variety of nuclear targets from FNAL E866. It is shown that our results with considering the energy loss effect are much different from those of the FNAL E866, who analyzes the experimental data with the nuclear parton distribution functions obtained by using the deep inelastic IA collisions and pA nuclear Drell-Yan data. Considering the existence of energy loss effect in Drell-Yan lepton pairs production, we suggest that the extraction of nuclear parton distribution functions should not include Drell-Yan experimental data.     

Quark Energy Loss and Shadowing in Nuclear Drell-Yan Process

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Dre11-Yan process. By means of three kinds of quark energy loss parameterizations given in literature and the nuclear parton distribution extracted only with lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering experimental data, measured Dre11-Yan production cross sections are analyzed for 800 GeV proton incident on a variety of nuclear targets from FNAL E866. It is shown that our results with considering the energy loss effect are much different from those of the FNAL E866, who analyzes the experimental data with the nuclear parton distribution functions obtained by using the deep inelastic IA collisions and pA nuclear Drell-Yan data. Considering the existence of energy loss effect in Drell-Yan lepton pairs production, we suggest that the extraction of nuclear parton distribution functions shoul““““d not include Dre11-Yan experimental data.     

基于核运动效应下的H同位素双原子分子的解析势能函

在加入核运动效应修正下的Born-Oppenheimer近似电子能量的基础上, 采用QCISD(T)/ aug-cc-pvqz方法计算出H同位素双原子分子（H₂, HD, HT, D₂, DT,T₂）的势能函数参数, 获得体现H同位素分子质量差异下的势能函数。 并在此基础上导出H同位素分子的力常数和光谱数据。 同时对于OH, OD和OT分子采用QCISD/aug-cc-pvtz方法计算, 同样获得了这些分子对应的势能函数、 力常数和光谱数据。Based on the correction of the electron energy under Born Oppenheimer approximation using nuclear motion effect, the parameters of potential energy functions for hydrogen isotopic diatomic molecules (H₂, HD,HT,D₂, DT,T₂) are calculated with QCISD (T) method and aug-cc-pvqz basis set,and those potential energy functions that indicate the differences from the masses of hydrogen isotopic atoms are obtained. The force constants and spectroscopic data of those molecules are calculated as well. The potential energy functions, force constants, and spectroscopic data of the isotopic diatomic molecules OH, OD,and OT are also derived using QCISD method and aug-cc-pvtz basis set.     

基于微观IBM对电子-核散射及核电磁性质的研究(I) BE理论方案

从价核子自由度出发构造出核跃迁电荷/电流密度算符,采用Dyson玻色子展开技术给出了获取核玻色子形式跃迁电荷/电流密度有效算符的一种微观方法(BE方法).利用微观相互作用玻色子模型(IBM)提供的波函数可在玻色子态空间中求出核跃迁电荷/电流密度,结合电子-核散射以及核电磁跃迁的形式理论,建立了可研究电子-核散射各种形状因子,微分散射截面以及核约化跃迁几率、电磁多极矩、核态g因子等物理量的理论方案.在一种微观sdIBM-2框架下,结合现有理论方案,初步计算了     

Effect of Nuclear Binding Energy to K Factor

We modify the square of virtual photon four-momentum by using nuclear binding energy formula, and calculate the effect of nuclear binding energy to K factor and Compton subprocess and annihilate subprocess in A-A collision Drell-Yan process. The outcome indicates that the effect of nuclear binding energy to K factor is obvious in little x region and it would disappear gradually as x increases.