基于智能手机的可视化生物传感器在即时检测中的研究进展

人体生理指标是衡量健康与否的重要标准。传统的检测方法通常要求单独的实验室、复杂的操作流程且耗费较长的检测时间,难以满足快速诊断和居家健康监测的需求,因此亟需开发便携、快速和精准的现场检测技术。即时检测（Point-of-care testing, POCT）区别于传统实验室检测的主要特征是不需要实验室繁杂的分析过程即可实现生物分子的快速原位检测。智能手机作为日常生活广泛使用的通讯工具,具有独立的操作系统,内置存储功能,还配备高清摄像头,在POCT可视化检测方面有巨大的应用潜力。将各种生物传感技术与智能手机相结合已经发展成为POCT领域的一个新方向。本文对近年来基于智能手机的可视化生物传感器在POCT中的研究进展进行了评述,包括比色传感器、荧光传感器、化学发光传感器和电化学发光传感器等,总结了目前基于智能手机可视化生物传感器在POCT应用中面临的问题,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

基于粘度的现场快速检测方法及应用

即时检测技术（POCT）是一种价格低廉、响应灵敏、无需大型仪器、可快速得到检测结果的检测手段,通常由具有便携式“样品进-信号出”功能的生物传感器完成。虽然基于刺激响应聚合物溶胶-凝胶转变构建的生物传感器已有大量的研究报道,开发制备简单、检测快速、灵敏度高、选择性好的生物传感器依然具有十分重要的意义。近年来,研究者开发了基于聚合物粘度变化的新型生物传感器,可以一定程度上克服传统水凝胶传感器的缺点,具有较大的发展潜力。本文主要从检测平台以及输出信号模式两个方面,总结归纳了基于粘度的现场快速检测方法及应用。最后,对其发展趋势进行简要的讨论,以期为基于粘度的POCT技术的后续研究和发展提供参考。     

基于纳米材料的电化学免疫传感器在传染性病原体POCT中的应用

传染性病原体POCT对于及时有效控制传染病尤为关键。相比于传统检测方法,基于电化学免疫传感器的传染性病原体检测具有快速、灵敏、准确、易于小型化和集成化等优势,尤其适用于传染病POCT。新兴的纳米材料因其独特的理化性质可用于修饰传感器界面或作为生物分子的固载基质以及信号标记物等,有助于构建出高选择性和高灵敏度的电化学免疫传感器。在本文中,我们着重阐述了不同结构的纳米材料修饰的电化学免疫传感器在传染性病原体POCT检测中的应用,进一步介绍了基于纳米材料的电化学免疫传感器与不同检测技术联用在传染性病原体POCT中的应用,并对其发展前景做出了展望。     

基于生物传感器的内毒素检测研究进展

内毒素是造成内毒素血症、多器官功能衰竭的关键因子,对人体健康存在着严重的危害。发展高选择性、高灵敏度、快捷便携且不受现场限制的检测方法具有重要意义。生物传感器以其高效、灵敏、易于自动化和微型化等优点,在相关检测领域中显示出重要的研究价值和巨大的发展空间。本文简要介绍了近年来内毒素的常用检测方法,重点综述了光学生物传感器和电化学生物传感器在内毒素检测应用中的研究进展。对生物传感器在内毒素检测中面临的挑战及其发展趋势进行了讨论和展望。     

基于电化学生物传感器的重金属离子检测研究进展

电化学生物传感器是基于抗原抗体、酶、核酸适配体、蛋白质、细胞等各种生物成分建立的电化学方法,由于这些生物成分具有强的特异性,决定了电化学生物传感器具有高选择性。同时该方法还具有便捷快速、灵敏、操作简单等优点,已经被广泛应用于污染物重金属离子的检测,并具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来基于各种生物成分的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用,并对该领域未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

基于脱氧核酶的重金属离子荧光生物传感器的研究进展

近年来,重金属离子造成严重的水体和土壤污染,极大威胁着人类健康。因此,开发快速简便的重金属离子检测新技术对于食品工业、环境监测等具有重要的意义。基于脱氧核酶的重金属离子荧光生物传感器因其灵敏度高、检测快速且能实时现场进行检测等优点引起国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文就近年来文献中报道的基于脱氧核酶的各类重金属离子荧光生物传感器的构建及其在实际中的应用进行了综述,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物大分子印迹传感器研究进展

分子印迹传感器在有机小分子分析检测方面的应用已趋近成熟,在生物大分子检测方面的应用近年来也逐渐增多.本文就近年来分子印迹技术在大分子生物传感器中的构建及应用进行综述,包括光学传感器、电化学传感器、质量型传感器等,并对目前分子印迹传感器在生物大分子检测方面存在的问题进行分析,对生物大分子印迹传感器的未来发展方向提出展望.     

基于智能手机的即时检测

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发使人们对即时检测(POCT)的需求不断增加,而智能手机作为目前人类最离不开的工具,在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜力。基于智能手机的POCT有以下独特的优点:(1)操作简单,不需要专业培训;(2)无需长时间等待,可以及时获得测试结果;(3)制作成本低,有利于在资源有限地区使用。因此,基于智能手机的POCT正迅速成为传统实验室检测的潜在替代方法。在这里,我们以POCT所检测的对象(体液、挥发性有机化合物、生命体征)为分类的基础,并结合目前主流的传感策略,包括比色技术、荧光技术、电化学技术、压电传感、热电传感、超声传感、光电传感等,对近三年基于智能手机的传感器在POCT中的应用进行了全面的回顾。我们评估了这些传感器的性能以及发展潜力,此外,还介绍了POCT中使用的新兴技术,如纳米技术、柔性电子器件、微流体技术、生物可降解技术、自供能技术、多路检测等。最后,总结了目前基于智能手机的POCT面临的问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

基于纳米材料的光学生物传感器在中药真菌毒素检测中的应用

随着中医药事业的不断发展,药材质量安全日益受到关注。其中,真菌毒素污染不仅影响中药材质量,而且可能存在毒性,严重时对人体具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害,已成为中药材安全性重点关注的问题之一。快速准确检测中药中真菌毒素对保障中药材质量安全意义重大。光学生物传感器具有操作简单、响应快速、灵敏度高和准确性好等优点,已被广泛用于真菌毒素的快速检测。纳米材料具有独特的物理化学性质,被广泛用于光学生物传感器中。本文综述了近年来基于纳米材料的光学生物传感器用于真菌毒素检测的研究进展,包括各种光学生物传感器的原理、应用特点及构建方法,并着重分析了中药材的主要基质成分对光学生物传感器的影响,讨论了光学生物传感器用于中药中真菌毒素检测所面临的挑战。     

核酸等温扩增技术在电化学生物传感器中的应用

生物分子检测在临床诊断、基因治疗、基因突变分析等方面变得日益重要,因而,建立简单、快速、灵敏的检测方法具有重要意义。近年,电化学生物传感器因其简单、便携、易操作、成本低等优势在生物分子检测的研究中备受关注。为了提高检测方法的灵敏度,不同的核酸等温扩增技术被应用于电化学生物传感器的构建中。本文简单介绍了电化学生物传感器的工作原理,着重综述了几种主要应用于电化学传感器中的核酸等温扩增技术,同时比较了各方法的优缺点。     

The role of biosensors in coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak

Herein, we have summarized and argued about biomarkers and indicators used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Antibody detection methods are not considered suitable to screen individuals at early stages and asymptomatic cases. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 using biomarkers and indicators at point-of-care level is much crucial. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop rapid and sensitive detection methods which can target antigens. We have critically elaborated key role of biosensors to cope the outbreak situation. In this review, the importance of biosensors including electrochemical, surface enhanced Raman scattering, field-effect transistor, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors in the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been underscored. Finally, we have outlined pros and cons of diagnostic approaches and future directions.     

Recent Progress on Graphene‐based Electrochemical Biosensors

The detailed records and conclusions on the important advancements in graphene‐based electrochemical biosensors have been reviewed. Due to their outstanding properties, graphene‐based materials have been widely studied for the accurate electrochemical detection of many biomolecules, which is extremely vital to the development of biomedical instruments, clinical diagnosis, and disease treatment. This review discusses the graphene research for the effective immobilization of enzymes, including glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and hemoglobin, etc., and the accurate detection of biomolecules, including glucose, hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, DNA, RNA, and carcinoembryonic antigen, etc. In most of the cases, the graphene‐based biosensors exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide linear detection ranges, low detection limits, and long‐term stabilities.     

Recent advances on the development of graphene-based field-effect transistors,electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence biosensors

Graphene, a honeycomb lattice of carbon material with single-atom-layer structure, demonstrates extraordinary mechanical, thermal, chemical and electronic properties. Thus, it has sparked tremendous interests in various fields, such as energy storage and conversion devices, field-effect transistors (FET), chemical sensors and biosensors. In this review, we will first focus on the synthesis method of graphene and the fabrication strategy of graphene-based materials. Subsequently, the construction of graphene-based biosensors are introduced, in which three kinds of biosensors are discussed in details, including the FET, electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. The performances of the state-of-the-art biosensors on the detection of biomolecules are also displayed. Finally, we also highlight some critical challenges remain to be solved and the development in this field for further research.     

Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: A review

Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.     

Glassy carbon paste electrodes modified with polyphenol oxidase: Analytical applications

The electrochemical behavior of a glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) is evaluated in comparison to that of graphite paste electrode (gPE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Important shifting in the peak potentials and increases in the peak currents for catechol, ascorbic acid, dopamine and hydroquinone were obtained for the GCPE and its usefulness for the development of phenol and catechol biosensors was also evaluated. Both, pure mushroom polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and fresh mushroom tissues were used as biorecognition elements. The effect of the binder percentage in the composite material was also studied. The bioelectrode was used for the determination of dopamine and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical formulations and for the detection of polyphenols in wine and tea. The bioelectrode demonstrated to be very stable as the response remained around 90% after four months at 4 °C.     

Nanostructured FeS as a Mimic Peroxidase for Biocatalysis and Biosensing

Sheet‐like mimic enzyme : A novel nanostructure (see figure) of sheet‐like FeS with peroxidase‐like activity was synthesized as a mimic enzyme for the development of amperometric transducers and biocatalysts.

     

Photoelectro-Enzymatic Glucose Reusable Biosensor by Using Dithienylethene Mediators

In the development of colorimetric biosensors, the use of electrochromic mediators has been accepted and widely used during decades. The main drawback of these types of enzymatic substrates is the difficult recovery of the initial redox state of the molecule, which can be done electrochemically or by antioxidants addition, complicating the initially simple structure of the biosensor. those strategies are rarely followed Actually, being the disposable biosensor configuration the most extended for this detection mechanisms. Alternatively, we propose the first reported use of a diacid dithienylethene 1,2-bis(5-carboxy-2-methylthien-3-yl)cyclopentene (DTE) photoelectrochromic compound as a substrate of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The photoisomerization between the open (DTEo) and closed (DTEc) forms of the molecule and the respective shift in the redox potential allowed the light-induced enzymatic detection of glucose in the glucose oxidase [(GOx)]–HRP cascade system. This fast and easy control over the enzymatic substrate availability by light pulses permits a gradually consumption and the light-regeneration of the biosensor for a number of cycles. We consider the presented results transcendent in the development of reusable and light-controlled photonic biosensing systems.     

光电化学型半导体生物传感器

光电化学型半导体生物传感器是一种利用半导体的光电特性来检测与光生电流或光生电压相关的待测物质浓度及生化过程参数的分析新技术。随着新兴半导体功能材料及相关加工技术的不断涌现,光电化学型半导体生物传感器已在微型化、集成化、多点及多参数测量方面显现出优势、有望在复杂体系中实现在线高灵敏、快速测定,在生物、医药、环境监测、食品等领域显示出广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了光电化学型半导体传感器的基本原理、特点及近几年的研究进展,并对其发展前景做了展望。     

电化学DNA生物传感器*

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。