三、四次曲线上特殊区间内的拉格朗日中值点

设三、四次曲线上有两个特殊点,对于三次曲线其中一个点为切点,另一个点为此点处的切线与曲线的交点,而对于四次曲线两个点为同一切线的切点.在以他们的横坐标为端点的闭区间上使用拉格朗日中值定理时会得到特殊点,由此给出了二个定理和三个推论     

曲线y=x~3的切线与曲线公共点的个数

曲线y=x3是我们比较熟悉的一种曲线,它的切线与曲线的公共点个数很有意思,除原点外,它在其他任一点处的切线都有两个公共点,其中一个公共点是切点,另一个公共点的横坐标是切点横坐标的-2倍,下面给出这个结论并给予证明.结论1除原点外,曲线y=f(x)=x3在     

谈切线与渐近线——中学数学笔谈之二十

我们知道 ,一曲线C上某点P处的切线PT指的是 :在C上另取一点Q作割线PQ ,当Q沿C趋于P点时其极限位置 ,而P称为切点 .因此 ,P处的切线可理解为它与曲线C在切点P处有重交点 .正是运用这一理解引出求切线的重交点 (重根 )法 ,例如求过圆或椭圆外一点的切线 ,或求其平行于某直线的切线等 ,就是用这种方法而求得结果 .但一般说来 ,一直线如与某曲线C有重交点 ,它却未必是C的切线 .举几个例子如下 .设C是半立方抛物线y2 =x3(图 1 ) ,直线L :x =c (c>0 )与C有两个交点 (c,±c3 2 ) ,当c→ 0时直线L成为y轴 ,与C有重交点( 0 ,0 ) ,但y轴显然…     

牛顿定理的两种新证法

<正>牛顿定理[1]圆外切四边形的对角线的交点和以切点为顶点的四边形的对角线的交点重合.此定理是说,若凸四边形ABDF外切于圆,AB,BD,DF,FA边上的切点分别为P、Q、R、S.则四条直线AD、BF、PR、QS交于形内一点.文献[1]给出了8种证法.经笔者探究,给出如下两种新的证法,供鉴析.     

曲线y=x^3的切线与曲线公共点的个数

曲线y=x^3是我们比较熟悉的一种曲线,它的切线与曲线的公共点个数很有意思,除原点外,它在其他任一点处的切线都有两个公共点,其中一个公共点是切点,另一个公共点的横坐标是切点横坐标的-2倍,下面给出这个结论并给予证明．     

过圆锥曲线外任意一点作两条切线的方法

<正>抛物线中的阿基米德三角形的切线,切点弦有很多有趣的性质.在2021年的全国高考数学乙卷中,它再次成为命题素材.因此对我们一线教师来说,会用几何画板动态地展示阿基米德三角形并作出椭圆、双曲线的切线和切点弦就显得非常有必要了.通过查阅文献了解到,[1]-[5]解决了过圆锥曲线上一点作切线的方法,[6]-[10]利用其光学性质等二级结论并借助焦点和准线来作过圆锥曲线外任意一点的两条切线.而笔者基于圆锥曲线的切点弦与曲线的交点即为切点这一事实,     

切点弦长等于通径的一个性质

定理 过圆锥曲线的准线与对称轴的交点作曲线的两条切线，则切点弦长等于该圆锥曲线的通径．     

椭圆和双曲线同交点切线的一个性质及其应用

在解决椭圆和双曲线同一交点处切线斜率的有关问题时,课本与有关参考资料中,往往是先求出这两条曲线交点的坐标,然后再给出同一交点处这两条曲线的切线方程,由此得出每条切线的斜率来进行处理。然而许多问题就其本身来说,仅仅需要知道这两条曲线在同一交点处两条切线斜率的积就可迎刃而解,并不苛求每条切线的斜率,当然更无须求出每个交点的坐标。因此,能否较为简捷地解决这类问题的关键在于能否圆满地解决这两条曲线在同一交点处两条切线斜率的积。为此,笔者给出下面一个命题的证明     

一道联赛题的多种证法

2014年广西高中数学联赛第10题为：如图1,已知D、E分别是△ABC的边AB、AC的中点,△ABC的内切圆分别与边BC、CA切于G、F,求证：DE、GF的交点在∠ABC的角平分线上.标准答案给出的证明较为复杂,下面提供几个简单的证法.证法一如图2,设DE、GF的交点为H,K为边AB与圆的切点,连接AH并延长交BC于W.∵DE∥BC,BD=DA,∴AH=HW.     

陈题新解一例

问题:已知抛物线y=-x~2 mx-1,(m是实数),及两点A(3,0)、B(0,3),若抛物线与线段AB只有一个交点(不含切点),求m的范围。这是一道有关直线与曲线交点问题的典型问题,一般解法是将直线方程代入到曲线方     

Study of the blow-up of solutions of systems of equations of hydrodynamic type

Mathematical Notes - We study the initial boundary-value problem for three-dimensional systems of equations of pseudoparabolic type. The system is similar to the Oskolkov system, but differs from...     

Characterization of types of asymptotic discernibility of families of hypotheses

We give a characterization of the types of asymptotic discernibility of families of hypotheses in the case of hypothetical measures that are not, in general, mutually absolutely continuous. The case when the logarithm of the likelihood ratio admits an asymptotic expansion of the type of an expansion with local asymptotic normality is examined in detail. Examples are studied.Translated fromTeoriya Sluchainykh Protsessov, Vol. 15, pp. 64–71, 1987.     

Distribution of types of symmetry of tensors of high degree

The asymptotic distribution of tensors of degree N in symmetry types is studied in this paper.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 155, pp. 181–186, 1986.     

Singularities of Solutions of One Class of Equations of Continuum Mechanics

We analyze one class of families of integral equations and describe the dependence of the singularities of solutions of integral equations on the dimensions of the families of kernels of equations. On the basis of these results, we propose procedures for the construction of approximate solutions for a small parameter.     

Determination of asymptotic solutions of problems of nonlinear theories of thermoviscoelasticity

It is shown that the asymptotic solution of a problem of the nonlinear theory of thermoviscoelasticity, if it exists, can be found directly from the solution of the asymptotic boundary-value problem without completely solving the starting problem.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 3, pp. 395–400, May–June, 1976.     

Emptiness of set of points of lower semicontinuity of Lyapunov exponents

We consider parametric families of differential systems with coefficients that are bounded and continuous on the half-line and uniformly in time continuously depend on a real parameter. For each Lyapunov exponent, we construct a family such that the Lyapunov exponent of its systems treated as a function of the parameter is not a lower semicontinuous function for any value of the parameter.