吸附—光催化联用去除室内挥发性有机物*

多孔吸附剂吸附和纳米TiO₂光催化是目前室内挥发性有机物（VOCs）去除所采用的主要手段。但存在吸附剂容量有限、饱和失效、TiO₂光催化剂活性低、失活和负载困难等问题。多孔吸附剂与纳米TiO₂联用,通过TiO₂光催化作用可实现吸附剂的原位再生,增加吸附剂的吸附容量;通过多孔吸附剂的吸附作用可为TiO₂光催化提供高浓度污染环境,提高催化剂活性,抑制催化剂失活,消除水蒸气分子对TiO₂表面活性吸附位的竞争吸附,解决催化剂分离难题;从而实现对室内VOCs污染的高效深度净化。本文对近年来多孔吸附剂与纳米TiO₂光催化联用去除室内VOCs进行了综合评述。介绍了吸附—光催化联用去除室内VOCs的多孔吸附剂类型,吸附/光催化复合材料的制备方法及常用反应器,分析了吸附—光催化联用去除室内VOCs过程中水蒸气、催化剂失活对光催化的影响等问题。     

混晶TiO2光催化剂的制备及机理研究

本文总结了混晶TiO₂光催化剂的各种制备方法,并将其分为两大类：一类是原位生成混晶,如水热法、溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液-水热联用方法等;另一类是对两种晶型TiO₂材料进行物理混合或对锐钛矿进行高温煅烧,如溶剂混合-煅烧法、高温煅烧法等。其中,后者操作简单易行、对设备要求不高,但获得的混晶TiO₂易产生硬团聚,严重影响其光催化性能;在实际应用中前者制备的TiO₂材料更具优势。同时,本文还对混晶TiO₂光催化机理的研究历程进行了总结,并对其中存在的争议进行了评述。最后,展望了混晶TiO₂光催化剂在环境和能源领域中的应用。     

MIL-125(Ti)衍生介孔圆盘状N-TiO2高效光催化降解气态苯(英文)

挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)对人或动物的危害较大,具有致癌、致畸和致突变性.气固相光催化法已经成为一种具有广阔应用前景的VOCs治理技术.传统半导体光催化剂TiO₂带隙较宽(E_g=3.2 eV),太阳光利用效率低.特别是对光催化降解VOCs而言,反应过程中产生的含碳类中间产物易在TiO₂表面积累,致使其失活.因此,如何拓宽TiO₂的光谱响应范围,提高光量子效率及其在VOCs氧化过程中的循环利用性一直是研究重点.由于O和N具有类似的化学结构和电子特征,对TiO₂进行N掺杂(N-TiO₂)是实现TiO₂可见光催化的有效途径.TiO₂前驱体和氮源的种类对N-TiO₂的带隙、N掺杂位点、N掺杂量、形貌和孔径影响较大.金属-有机骨架(MOFs)具有结构多样且可调、多孔性、比表面积大等优点,是制备特定形貌和结构的光催化材料的理想自牺牲模板.同时,有机配体易于在高温煅烧过程中从MOFs骨架中释放,其衍生物...     

提高TiO2可见光催化性能的改性方法

TiO₂光催化技术作为一种环境友好的污染治理技术,在废水废气净化、抗菌环保等领域有着广泛的应用前景。阻碍其应用的是它的大禁带宽度(E=3.2eV),不能有效地利用太阳能,因此研究开发可见光响应的TiO₂就成为当前光催化剂研究的关键课题。目前,国内外关于TiO₂光催化剂的改性技术日益完善,且日趋多样化。本文简单回顾了TiO₂光催化的发展历程及其反应机理,概述了提高TiO₂光催化性能的改性技术,主要包括金属离子掺杂、表面贵金属沉积、半导体复合、非金属掺杂以及金属络合物和染料光敏化等方法,可以将只能由紫外光激发的TiO₂光催化反应红移到可见光区域进行。针对各种改性方法列举了国内外应用的具体实例,提出TiO₂的改性是提高光催化反应效率的关键。同时,对TiO₂光催化技术目前存在的问题和发展前景做了简单的总结和展望。     

掺杂WO3的SiO2/TiO2的溶胶热液合成及光催化性能

采用溶胶-热液合成法制备了掺杂WO₃的SiO₂/TiO₂复合光催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱、Zeta电位分析、BET和透射电镜对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙降解评价了其光催化性能.结果表明:改性后的光催化剂表现出较高的光催化性能,WO₃和SiO₂不仅增加了锐钛矿TiO₂的稳定性,并阻止了TiO₂晶粒的聚集生长.     

B,N-SnO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

为了提高TiO₂在可见光下的光催化活性, 采用聚合物前驱体法制备了B,N共掺杂的SnO₂/TiO₂(B,N-SnO₂/TiO₂)粉体型光催化剂. 进一步为了提高光催化剂的实用性, 通过浸渍-裂解法制备了氧化铝纤维毡负载的B,N-SnO₂/TiO₂光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、场发射透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、比表面积分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计等对其进行了表征. 以氧氟沙星水溶液为模拟污染物, 考察了B,N-SnO₂/TiO₂粉体型光催化剂和负载型光催化剂的可见光催化活性及稳定性. 结果表明, 该粉体型光催化剂在可见光下光照15 min, 对氧氟沙星的降解率可达98.3%. 负载型光催化剂也表现出了良好的光催化性能及可重复性和稳定性, 在21次重复使用后光催化性能几乎不发生变化.     

TiO2光催化还原CO2

光催化还原CO₂技术在CO₂的治理与利用方面有着潜在的应用价值和良好的开发前景。该文简要综述了近年来用于光催化还原CO₂反应的TiO₂光催化剂材料,包括纯TiO₂催化剂、负载型TiO₂催化剂、金属改性TiO₂催化剂、半导体复合TiO₂催化剂和有机光敏化TiO₂催化剂等,并介绍了各类催化剂光催化还原CO₂的反应性能。     

粉末状和薄膜状TiO2对敌敌畏的光催化降解

在光照条件下,光催化剂TiO₂有很强的氧化能力,能有效降解水中的有机污染物^[1],因而日益受到人们的关注.目前,研究最多的胶体溶液和颗粒悬浮体系因其难于分离、回收而限制了实际应用,因此催化剂固定问题急需解决.近年来,国内外对TiO₂薄膜催化剂做了许多探索^[2,3],取得了一些进展.本文用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种粉末状TiO₂光催化剂和两种薄膜型TiO₂光催化剂,并进行了结构和形貌的表征,对敌敌畏稀释液做了光催化降解实验,并与粉末状TiO₂进行对比.结果表明:薄膜TiO₂催化剂优于粉末TiO₂催化剂.     

Fe掺杂与天然沸石载体对TiO2光催化活性的影响

以具有多孔结构的天然斜发沸石为载体, FeCl₃和TiCl₄为前驱物制备铁离子掺杂TiO₂光催化剂. 分别在紫外光和太阳光照射下, 研究了Fe-TiO₂, TiO₂/沸石和Fe-TiO₂/沸石对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化分解过程, 并通过XRD, AFM, FTIR和吸收光谱等手段, 探讨了Fe和沸石对TiO2的光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 适当浓度的Fe不仅可以提高TiO₂的光催化效率, 而且能够拓展TiO₂的吸收波长范围至可见光区. 而沸石的引入不仅提高了光催化剂的效率, 而且也增强了光催化剂的抗失活性能.     

低量La3+掺杂S-TiO2光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了La³⁺/S-TiO₂纳米光催化剂,通过XRD、BET、XPS、UV-Vis等手段进行了表征.以甲基橙溶液为光催化降解反应的模型化合物,考察了光催化剂的活性,探讨了低量La³⁺掺杂对TiO₂纳米粒子光催化活性的影响机制.实验结果表明:S改性TiO₂后明显提高了TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化活性,而La³⁺掺杂S-TiO₂后,进一步提高了TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化活性,La³⁺的最佳掺杂量(相对于TiO₂的质量分数)为0.369%;La³⁺/S-TiO₂(ω(La³⁺)=0.369%)为纳米光催化剂时,甲基橙的脱色率达到92.4%(光照120min);XRD和BET分析表明,低量La³⁺掺杂抑制了TiO₂由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,阻碍了TiO₂晶粒的生长,提高了TiO₂的比表面积;XPS分析表明,S、La³⁺掺杂可以导致粉体的表面羟基含量增加,掺杂S以S⁶⁺形式置换TiO₂晶格中的Ti⁴⁺;UV-Vis分析表明,光催化剂La³⁺/S-TiO₂比纯TiO₂具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.与纯TiO₂相比,La³⁺掺杂TiO₂纳米粒子光催化氧化活性的提高应归因于La³⁺掺杂增加了表面羟基含量,增大了比表面积,增强了样品表面的紫外光吸收能力.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.