α-吡喃酮衍生物的合成及聚集荧光增强性质研究

设计合成了具有4个苯基取代的α-吡喃酮衍生物,研究了该化合物在溶液中的稳态光物理过程,以及在四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中的聚集行为和发光性质.该化合物在良溶剂中几乎没有发光,而形成聚集体后发出明亮的蓝绿色荧光,荧光量子产率达17%,比溶液中增强了253倍.根据化合物的结构和低温荧光实验结果推断,聚集荧光增强主要是聚集体中分子...     

白光发射超分子水凝胶的构筑和发光性能研究

具有白光发射性质且发光可调的超分子水凝胶在发光材料和荧光检测领域具有广泛的应用前景.采用双（2-氨基丙基醚）聚丙二醇（PPG-NH²）链穿线带有正电荷的6-乙二胺修饰β-环糊精构成准轮烷,进而与锂皂石作用构筑了超分子水凝胶,并通过流变、zeta电势和扫描电镜等手段对凝胶性质进行了表征.当将扭曲分子内电荷转移（TICT）型的有机染料分子硫黄素T（ThT）和碘化4-[4-（二甲基氨基）苯乙烯基]-1-甲基吡啶鎓（DASPI）引入到水凝胶中,这两种有机染料能够在凝胶相中发生荧光共振能量转移（FRET）,从而产生包括白光在内的不同颜色的荧光发射.本研究为水基超分子发光软材料提供了一种新的构筑方法.     

硝基或氯代Blebbistatin化合物的合成

以2-氨基-5-硝基苯甲酸或4-氯苯甲酸、1-苯基-2-吡咯烷酮为原料,经过酯化、亚胺合成、关环、不对称合成四步反应合成了2种新的Blebbistatin化合物:3a-羟基-6-硝基-1-苯基-1,2,3,3a-四氢-吡咯并[2,3-b-喹啉-4-酮或3a-羟基-7-氯-1-苯基-1,2,3,3a-四氢-吡咯并[2,3-b]-喹啉-4-酮.通过IR,1H NMR,元素分析证实其结构,并测定了一些重要中间体的单晶结构.初步研究化合物的光学性质发现,所合成的新Blebbistatin化合物的紫外吸收与荧光发射强度均比前人合成的Blebbistatin化合物高.     

4,4'-[(2,2-二苯乙烯)-1,1-双(4,1-亚苯基)]二吡啶的合成、表征及其聚集诱导发光性能研究

以提升学生的实验操作及创新能力为目的的综合化学实验，采用简单的2步法（缩合和Suzuki反应）合成了一种具有聚集诱导发光性能的化合物4，4'-[（2，2-二苯乙烯）-1，1-双（4，1-亚苯基）]二吡啶（简称2Py-TPE）。利用过滤、洗涤、萃取、干燥和柱层析等常用的有机分离操作手段对该化合物进行纯化；使用核磁共振仪、高分辨质谱仪、红外光谱仪及稳态瞬态荧光光谱仪对其进行结构表征和聚集诱导发光性能研究。该实验不仅可以促使学生了解以四苯乙烯衍生物为代表的聚集诱导发光材料的研究现状，而且能够培养学生的综合实验能力和科学探究能力。     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的铂(Ⅱ)金属大环的合成

含有四苯乙烯(TPE)基团的铂(Ⅱ)金属大环化合物具有良好的聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质,在构建人工光捕获体系中具有潜在的应用价值。为了获得一种具有良好AIE性质的新型铂(Ⅱ)金属大环化合物,以4,4-二溴四苯乙烯为原料,经硝化反应得到化合物2,再将化合物2中硝基还原得到化合物3,化合物3与十二烷基酰氯发生缩合反应得到化合物4,化合物4与4-乙炔基吡啶盐酸盐发生Sonogashira偶联反应得到四苯乙烯衍生物5。5与铂(Ⅱ)配体6进行[3+3]配位驱动自组装合成六边形铂(Ⅱ)金属大环化合物7,其结构经核磁、质谱和紫外可见吸收光谱表征。结果表明：紫外可见吸收光谱显示化合物7的最大吸收波长在302 nm;荧光光谱显示化合物7在水含量低于20%(体积分数,下同)的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)/水(H₂O)混合溶液中,荧光强度极低,当水含量增加到30%时,荧光强度大幅增加,表现出优异的AIE性质。     

三维超分子化合物[2-(3-pyridyl)benzimidazoleH2]24+·[Cd2Cl8]4-的水热合成、晶体结构及发光性质

将邻苯二胺、3-吡啶甲酸与二氯化镉在1:1的盐酸溶液中经水热反应,合成了一种超分子化合物[2-(3-pyridyl)benzimidazoleH2]24+·[Cd2Cl8]4-.通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重对其结构和性质进行了表征,用X-射线单晶衍射测定了该化合物的晶体结构.化合物晶体为单斜晶系,P21/c空间群.超分子化合物中的Cd2+与其周围4个氯离子配位,构成畸变三角锥构型的离子[CdCl4]2-,2个配阴离子[CdCl4]2-之间通过双氯桥键[Cd-Cl-Cd]构成五配位双核镉(Ⅱ)四元环状结构,并与2个2-(3-吡啶基)苯并咪唑两价阳离子,通过静电引力、氢键及π-π呵堆积作用形成三维网状超分子化合物.荧光测试表明该化合物具有较好的光致发光性能.     

含二氮杂萘砌块化合物的荧光性能构效关系研究及应用

通过文献方法合成了具有较好平面共轭结构和较高电子云密度的5-氨基-2-芳基-3H-色烯[4,3,2-de][1,6]并二氮杂萘-4-腈(4)和5-氨基-2-芳基-3H-喹啉[4,3,2-de][1,6]并二氮杂萘-4-腈(6),研究了稠合环数、荧光助色团数量以及取代基类型对产物发光性能的影响,探索了其结构与发光性能之间的关系.在发光性能构效关系指导下初步探究了化合物4对9种金属离子的识别,并从产物中筛选得到了具有进一步研究价值的、具开发为有机荧光材料潜质的产物.     

含五苯基吡咯侧基聚丙烯酸酯的制备及其聚集诱导发光增强性能

设计合成了具有聚集诱导发光增强活性(AEE)的含五苯基吡咯的甲基丙烯酸酯单体M-PPP,并通过自由基聚合制备了系列均聚物及不同五苯基吡咯侧基含量的聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物.所制备的均聚物P与共聚物CP在THF/H_2O体系中均具有AEE特性,在水含量大于20%时荧光开始增加,大于80%时荧光快速增加,95%时相对荧光强度达到最大;单体M-PPP则在水含量低于70%时荧光强度略有降低,随后迅速增加,95%后荧光强度下降.五苯基吡咯侧基含量较高的共聚物表现出更好的AEE特性.进一步的研究发现,共聚物CP在THF/H_2O混合溶液中能够对赖氨酸产生荧光点亮型响应.     

具有对称结构的吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-1-酮衍生物的超声辅助合成及荧光性能

以6-氯-2-氯甲基-3-喹啉甲酸乙酯(1)为底物,在无水乙醇中经超声辅助下分别与对苯二胺(2)和联苯二胺(3)中的两个氨基反应,得到具有对称结构的吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-1-酮衍生物(4,5).所合成的化合物未见文献报道,其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱和高分辨质谱得以确定.对化合物4和化合物5及过去报道的化合物6a-l进行荧光光谱测定,结果表明化合物4和化合物5及化合物6a-g具有较好的荧光性能.     

2[(N-乙基)-1-吩噻嗪基]腙的合成及聚集荧光增强性能

以氮-氮单键连接2个吩噻嗪环构成共轭结构, 合成了2[(N-乙基)-1-吩噻嗪基]腙, 并对其进行了结构表征. 该化合物在四氢呋喃溶剂中呈分散态时无荧光; 在四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中呈现聚集荧光增强. 荧光增强是由于聚集态中分子内单键旋转受分子堆积效应的阻碍, 氮-氮单键连接的2个吩噻嗪环趋于平面化以及J-聚集体形成的协同作用使非辐射跃迁减少所致. 同时, 利用这种聚集荧光增强性质考察了该化合物对血红蛋白的探针识别性能.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。