基于超分子大环功能材料在PFASs污染物检测与吸附分离中的应用

水污染问题目前已成为世界上最为紧迫的环境问题之一.全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)因其具有高毒性、持久性、生物积累性、远距离迁移性等性质,对人类健康和生态环境产生了严重的危害.开发PFASs的检测和去除技术成为了当今社会的关注重点.超分子大环材料作为一类新兴的多功能材料,具有丰富的主客体分子识别、良好的环境适应性和结构的可设计性等优点.超分子大环材料的可设计性赋予其特定的多功能性,使其成为同时检测和去除环境水中PFASs的理想平台.本文综述了超分子大环及其衍生物在检测和吸附去除PFASs中的应用,首先对常见的PFASs分类进行了介绍,接下来探讨了具有PFASs高吸附效率的特定超分子结构类别及相关吸附机理.最后介绍了超分子吸附剂再生的方法.同时也为具有改进PFASs去除性能的下一代功能超分子材料的设计提供了一些见解.     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 XVI.以二氟甲磺酸作为二氟卡宾前体合成全氟或多氟烷基磺酸二氟甲酯

二氟甲磺酸(1)在室温下即可和五氧化二磷作用,但和全氟烷烃磺酸不同,它并不生成相应的磺酸酐。脱水后进一步消除二氧化硫产生二氟卡宾,二氟卡宾再插入二氟甲磺酸得到二氟甲磺酸二氟甲酯(2)。若有其它全氟烷基磺酸或全氟烷基羧酸存在时,也可得到相应的全氟烷基磺酸二氟甲酯(4)或全氟烷基羧酸二氟甲酯(6)。用三氯氧磷或二氯亚砜代替五氧化二磷和1作用,也得到类似的结果。对二氟卡宾生成的可能机理进行了讨论。     

由全氟烷基联烯砜和硝酮偶极加成反应生成的一类特殊环加成产物

研究了全氟烷基联烯砜和硝酮的偶极加成反应。与不含氟的联烯砜不同，由于氟烷基的强吸电子性，使得全氟烷基联烯砜和硝酮在室温下即可发生反应，以很高的收率得到一类新颖的内盐环状产物。产物结构通过谱学数据和X-射线单晶衍射分析确定。     

全（多）氟烷基非离子型表面活性剂的合成

通过Ｏ－烯丙基化，全氟烷基化和还原３步过程在聚乙二醇分子中引入了全（多）氟烷基，合成了１０多种全（多）氟烷基非离子型表面活性剂。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中18种全氟和多氟烷基化合物

该文建立了适用于土壤中18种全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,包括14种全氟羧酸、3种全氟磺酸以及1种全氟醚羧酸.通过比较土壤粒径、超声温度、超声时间、固相萃取柱种类以及洗脱液浓度对PFASs提取效率的影响,确定最优前处理条件为:土壤样品过60目筛,在40℃下用甲醇超声提取...     

蚯蚓对土壤中8:2与10:2氟调醇的生物富集与转化

以蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)为受试生物,研究了8:2和10:2氟调醇(FTOH)在蚯蚓体内的生物富集特性、清除速率和生物转化等.结果表明,全氟辛酸(PFOA)是8:2 FTOH主要的末端降解产物,全氟癸酸(PFDA)是10:2 FTOH主要的末端降解产物.暴露30 d后,蚯蚓体内的全氟化合物浓度达到最高,分别为PFDA(565 ng/g)8:2 FTOH(505 ng/g)PFOA(179 ng/g)10:2 FTOH(148 ng/g).清除阶段8:2 FTOH,10:2 FTOH,PFOA和PFDA半衰期(t1/2)分别为23.1 d,16.5 d,5.8 d和11.4 d,其对应的清除速率常数(ke)分别为0.03/d,0.042/d,0.12/d,0.061/d,说明长碳链的PFCAs更难从生物体内清除,母体化合物FTOHs在蚯蚓体内的持久性更强.     

ω-氟砜基氟烷基格氏试剂的制备及其反应

合成氟烷基酮的通用方法是将全氟烷基金属试剂与羰基类化合物反应。但对于ω位带有官能团的全氟烷基金属试剂的研究,唯一的例子是:     

含氟活泼亚甲基类化合物的研究

本研究工作包括下列三个方面的内容：（1）双-（全氟烷砜基）甲烷,双-（ 三氟双酰基）甲烷的合成及其反应。（2）2-氟烷基取代的醛和酮的合成和反应。 （3）氟烷基取代的1,3-二羰基化合物的化学转化及其在合成含氟杂环化合物中的 应用。     

Fe~(3+)诱导全氟羧酸的光化学降解:pH值及链长的影响

以全氟辛酸(PFOA)为代表的全氟化合物是环境水体中新出现的一类持久性有机污染物,Fe3+的存在促进了其在254 nm紫外光下的有效降解.在此基础上,主要考察了溶液初始pH值对Fe3+诱导PFOA光化学降解的影响,并以全氟丁酸(PFBA)、全氟戊酸(PFPeA)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)和全氟庚酸(PFHpA)为对象,研究了Fe3+诱导短链全氟羧酸(PFCAs)的降解,通过对降解中间产物的分析,进而推断了其降解机理.结果表明,强酸性条件有利于PFOA的降解,弱酸性或中性反应条件下,PFOA的降解和脱氟均受到明显地抑制,进一步证实PFOA的降解主要是溶解性铁作用的结果,此时Fe(OH)2+则是铁(III)-羟基配合物的主要分配形态.Fe3+诱导PFCAs的降解表明:当碳原子数大于5,长链的PFCAs更易于降解,但对于碳原子数小于6的PFCAs,其降解没有明显的规律.降解中间产物主要是链更短的PFCAs,由此推断,PFCAs的降解遵循逐级降解的规律.     

全氟和ω-H-全氟酰基过氧化物与C60的自由基加成反应——全氟和ω-H-全氟烷基化C60的合成

深入研究了C60与全氟酰基过氧化物的反应，通过变温EPR测试证实了此反应的 自由基加成机理．用色谱分析并结合产物的^19F NMR结构鉴定，首次发现由于加成 过程中发生的全氟烷基自由基的β—Scission，生成了新的氟烷基自由基，从而生 成了多种氟烷基化的C60．表面性能研究发现氟烷基化的C60具有优良的疏水、疏油 性．总之，利用C60与全氟酰基过氧化物的反应，成功地对C60进行了全氟烷基化修 饰．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.