柔性可穿戴传感器及其应用研究

可穿戴传感器可以贴合人体皮肤或与纺织品整合用于监测人体生理状况,具有较高灵敏度和集成性。近年来,可穿戴传感器已被广泛应用于汗液、呼吸、心率和血氧等生理状况的监测。由于可穿戴传感器需要长时间舒适穿戴于人体,并且需要避免人体活动产生的形变影响,因此,柔性是评价和改良可穿戴传感器的一个重要参数。本文首先综述了不同柔性材料的研究进展,概括了基于不同柔性材料的可穿戴传感器的构建及应用,最后讨论了这些柔性可穿戴传感器当前面临的挑战、应对策略以及未来的发展方向。     

有机智能传感材料与器件研究进展

有机光电子材料具有柔性、低成本、可大面积加工以及分子结构可调等特点,在可穿戴智能器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.有机分子可以通过结构的设计调节其光学、电学、机械和化学等特性,从而实现丰富的传感功能.有机智能传感器具有快速响应、高选择性、高灵敏和机械柔性等优势,被广泛应用于环境监测、电子皮肤、医疗监测、人机交互等智能感知领域.本文综述了近年来有机智能传感材料与器件的研究进展,包括小分子半导体、聚合物半导体和导电聚合物等有机传感材料,以及化学传感器、温度传感器、光学传感器和机械传感器等有机智能传感器件的前沿应用,重点介绍了目前生物传感器、仿生传感器等智能感知器件和系统的发展现状,并对其未来发展过程中面临的挑战进行了分析.     

基于二维材料的柔性可穿戴传感器件研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器是附着于人体皮肤或组织上的监测装置,可以持续监测和量化特定微环境变化所产生的电信号或化学信号,在医学诊断和治疗方面具有广泛的应用前景.二维材料具有原子薄层的平面结构、优异的机械柔性和电学性能,非常适合用于构建可穿戴传感器.近年来,基于二维材料的柔性传感器在材料制备、工艺设计和设备集成等方面取得了巨大的进...     

微结构化柔性压力传感器的性能增强机制、实现方法与应用优势

柔性压力传感器具有易共形、高灵敏、快响应等特点,是发展物联网、可穿戴电子、触觉人工智能等领域的关键核心器件。通过敏感功能材料开发、功能层微结构设计、微纳制造方法优化等策略,可提升柔性压力传感器的综合性能,扩张其应用场景。其中,功能层微结构的创新设计被普遍认为是增强柔性传感器性能最有效的手段之一。本文综述了近年来基于微结构化的柔性压力传感器的最新研究进展,围绕微结构对于柔性压力传感器性能增强的机制、微结构的设计与实现方法以及微结构化柔性压力传感器在人机交互、医疗健康等领域的应用等方面进行详细阐述,并在此基础上对其未来发展方向进行展望。     

可穿戴生物电化学传感器的研究与应用进展

随着物联网的发展,可穿戴生物电化学传感器受到了广泛关注。可穿戴传感器件采用液体导体、导电聚合物薄膜、水凝胶等材料作为柔性电极,集优异的机械性能与传感性能于一体,为人们的生产和生活带来了极大的便利,已被广泛用于医疗诊断、健康监测和环境监测等领域。然而,目前可穿戴生物电化学传感器在美观隐形性和生物亲和性等方面仍存在一些问题。本文从可穿戴传感器件的制备工艺及柔性材料入手,概括分析了近年来可穿戴生物电化学传感器件的研究与应用进展,对其所面临的挑战与困难进行了总结,并展望了可穿戴生物电化学器件未来的发展方向,为进一步改进可穿戴传感器件的集成方法、提高其传感性能以及实现智能化信号传输等提供了参考。     

基于有机场效应晶体管的柔性传感器:材料、机制与应用

有机场效应晶体管是一种优良的传感器载体,具有丰富的传感机制和独特的电信号放大特性.有机半导体具有质量轻便、机械柔性、可溶液加工、分子结构可调等优点,适于制备低成本、大面积、多功能的柔性传感活性层.基于有机场效应晶体管的各类柔性传感器已经广泛应用于智能穿戴、电子皮肤、生物检测、环境保护等领域.本文总结了近年来柔性有机场效应晶体管传感器的研究进展,从材料、机制和应用三个层面出发,介绍有机半导体传感材料的设计原则、有机场效应晶体管的传感机制及其在化学、物理、生物领域的应用.最后,总结了有机场效应晶体管传感器的研究现状和现存问题,展望了有机场效应晶体管柔性传感器的未来发展方向.     

柔性可穿戴传感与智能识别技术研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器件能与人体稳定集成,具有多生理参数和运动参数连续动态测量能力,可在健康监测、运动监控、精准医疗、人机交互等领域发挥重要作用.柔性可穿戴传感器件与人工智能技术的结合,充分展示了利用连续动态多参数信号测量的进行疾病、动作、语音等判定与识别的优势.本文通过介绍柔性可穿戴器件在物理信号、化学信号和图像信号传感中应用,从硬件平台和数据处理分析技术两方面介绍了柔性可穿戴器件与人工智能结合的方法和进展,展示了基于柔性可穿戴传感系统的智能识别技术,分析了柔性可穿戴传感与智能识别技术在柔性化集成、数据传输、能源供应等方面面临的诸多挑战,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展

可穿戴柔性传感器是一种紧密附着在人体的皮肤或组织上,可实时收集、分析人体生理参数的设备,在医疗保健、诊断治疗等领域具有重要的应用价值,近年来引起极大关注。聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不仅化学性质稳定、热稳定性强、透明性和生物相容性好,还可通过表面改性和整体特性定制以实现不同功能,这使得PDMS成为了可穿戴柔性传感器基底材料的最佳选择。本文综述了近年来基于PDMS的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展,对导电修饰材料、传感器的工作原理和性能比较等方面进行了回顾和总结,重点对比了不同导电修饰层材料的性能参数与优缺点,介绍了光敏传感器、温度传感器、应变传感器、压力传感器和生化传感器,最后对可穿戴传感器的研究和应用中存在的挑战进行了分析,对其发展方向进行了展望。     

柔性纤维生物电子复合材料与器件

可穿戴和可植入的纤维生物电子器件可以实现对人体生理体征的实时监测和精准调控,在健康监测和疾病诊疗等领域发挥了革新作用.然而,传统的纤维生物电子器件柔性不足而与生物软组织的力学性能不匹配,难以形成稳定的器件/组织界面,最终无法实现长期稳定工作.本文重点介绍了近年来课题组针对上述问题在柔性纤维生物电子复合材料与器件方面的研究进展.首先制备了具有杂化结构和芯鞘结构的柔性高分子复合纤维电极,并面向柔性生物电子器件要求,对纤维材料的电学和力学性能及生物安全性进行表征.进一步,基于所制备的复合纤维电极,发展出一系列可穿戴和可植入的纤维生物电子器件,具有传感、能源、调控等功能,并通过建立稳定的器件/组织界面,实现了在体长期工作,在生物医学研究和智慧医疗等领域展现出良好的应用前景.最后,展望了柔性纤维生物电子领域的未来发展方向.     

溶液法制备柔性压阻式传感器的研究进展

柔性压阻式传感器具有结构简单、易于制备、检测范围广等优势, 在可穿戴电子器件领域中扮演着非常重要的角色. 在制备柔性压阻式传感器的众多方法中, 溶液法由于操作简单、反应条件温和、材料的适用性广泛、易于规模化制备等优势, 成为极具发展前景的制备工艺. 在此基础上, 如何进一步提高柔性压阻式传感器的力学与电学性能也成为研究者们更加关注的话题. 另外, 制备图案化、微型化、规模化的传感器阵列为柔性压阻式传感器的应用范围拓展了新的道路. 本综述首先介绍了柔性压阻式传感器的工作原理与性能指标, 同时讨论了其性能指标对传感器在实际应用中的影响. 随后, 简单介绍了其构成材料, 并通过梳理近年来溶液法制备柔性传感器的研究成果, 选取了几种典型的溶液法制备方法进行重点介绍, 指出其具备的优势及目前存在的问题. 最后, 对溶液法制备柔性传感器的发展方向进行总结与展望.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.