We described the curcumin‐loaded biodegradable polyurethane (PU) scaffolds modified with gelatin based on three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology for potential application of cartilage regeneration. The printing solution of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) triol (polyol) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol was printed through a nozzle in dimethyl sulfoxide phase with or without gelatin. The weight ratio of HMDI against PCL triol was varied as 3, 5, and 7 in order to evaluate its effect on the mechanical properties and biodegradation rate. A higher ratio of HMDI resulted in higher mechanical properties and a lower biodegradation rate. The use of gelatin increased the mechanical properties, biodegradation rate, and curcumin release due to the surface cross‐linking, nanoporous structure, and surface hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. In vitro study revealed that the released curcumin enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocyte. The 3D‐printed biodegradable PU scaffold modified with gelatin should thus be considered as a potential candidate for cartilage regeneration. 相似文献
Novel UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resins were developed from rubber seed oil (RSO). Firstly, hydroxylated rubber seed oil (HRSO) was prepared via an alcoholysis reaction of RSO with glycerol, and then HRSO was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) to produce the RSO-based PUA (RSO-PUA) oligomer. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra collectively revealed that the obtained RSO-PUA was successfully synthesized, and the calculated C=C functionality of oligomer was 2.27 per fatty acid. Subsequently, a series of UV-curable resins were prepared and their ultimate properties, as well as UV-curing kinetics, were investigated. Notably, the UV-cured materials with 40% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) displayed a tensile strength of 11.7 MPa, an adhesion of 2 grade, a pencil hardness of 3H, a flexibility of 2 mm, and a glass transition temperature up to 109.4 °C. Finally, the optimal resin was used for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The critical exposure energy of RSO-PUA (15.20 mJ/cm2) was lower than a commercial resin. In general, this work offered a simple method to prepare woody plant oil-based high-performance PUA resins that could be applied in the 3D printing industry. 相似文献
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a frontier manufacturing approach with great potential to benefit biomedical and patient care sectors. In the last decades, different types of biomedical materials were investigated in purpose of developing medical tools and devices. The present study attempts to assess mechanical performances (namely: tensile, compression, and flexural) of the newly developed chitosan-reinforced poly-lactic-acid (PLA) scaffolds by using fused filament fabrication (FFF) based 3D printing technology. Specifically, the effects of chitosan loading, infill density and annealing temperature on mechanical behavior of PLA composite scaffolds are investigated via design of experiments. Moreover, fracture behavior under various load types is studied with the help of selective electron microscopy. It is found that the strength of the produced composite samples depends significantly on the loading of chitosan and infill density, while annealing temperature does not affect mechanical response. Overall, the developed PLA composite scaffolds are mechanically efficient and they appear suitable for clinical purposes. 相似文献
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) cultured in 3D matrices hold great promise in disease modeling, drug discovery, and tissue regeneration. Uniform cell distribution in a 3D structure is critical to the growth and function of hiPSCs, yet cell seeding in 3D matrices often remains superficial, leading to limited cell proliferation and compromised pluripotency. Here, an approach to improve cell penetration depth of hiPSCs in 3D scaffolds modified with hiPSCs conditioned medium (CM) is reported. It is shown that extracellular matrix components are successfully deposited onto the scaffold wall surface after CM treatment and promoted homogeneous cell adhesion during initial seeding. Compared to plain, unmodified scaffolds, the CM treated scaffold improves spatial cell distribution uniformity and upregulates pluripotency markers. Notably, the expression of 29 genes associated with 11 signaling pathways participated in the pluripotency maintenance of hiPSCs exhibits >2-fold change in hiPSCs grown in the CM treated scaffolds than 2D counterparts, demonstrating that CM treated scaffolds can support a more primitive and undifferentiated phenotype of hiPSCs. This study introduces a simple and effective method to enhance cell penetration and maintain cell pluripotency in 3D matrices. 相似文献
Scaffold, an essential element of tissue engineering, should provide proper physical and chemical properties and evolve suitable cell behavior for tissue regeneration. Polycaprolactone/Gelatin (PCL/Gel)‐based nanocomposite scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) and vitamin D3 (Vit D3) were fabricated using the electrospinning method. Structural and mechanical properties of the scaffold were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile measurement. In this study, smooth and bead‐free morphology with a uniform fiber diameter and optimal porosity level with appropriate pore size was observed for PCL/Gel/nHA nanocomposite scaffold. The results indicated that adding nHA to PCL/Gel caused an increase of the mechanical properties of scaffold. In addition, chemical interactions between PCL, gelatin, and nHA molecules were shown with XRD and FT‐IR in the composite scaffolds. MG‐63 cell line has been cultured on the fabricated composite scaffolds; the results of viability and adhesion of cells on the scaffolds have been confirmed using MTT and SEM analysis methods. Here in this study, the culture of the osteoblast cells on the scaffolds showed that the addition of Vit D3 to PCL/Gel/nHA scaffold caused further attachment and proliferation of the cells. Moreover, DAPI staining results showed that the presence and viability of the cells were greater in PCL/Gel/nHA/Vit D3 scaffold than in PCL/Gel/nHA and PCL/Gel scaffolds. The results also approved increasing cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity for MG‐63 cells cultured on PCL/Gel/nHA/Vit D3 scaffold. The results indicated superior properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and vitamin D3 incorporated in PCL/Gel scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. 相似文献
Fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds with the use of novel 3D printing has gained lot of attention, however systematic investigation of biomaterials for 3D printing have not been widely explored. In this report, well‐defined structures of polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL‐ carbon nanotube (PCL‐CNT) composite scaffolds have been designed and fabricated using a 3D printer. Conditions for 3D printing has been optimized while the effects of varying CNT percentages with PCL matrix on the thermal, mechanical and biological properties of the printed scaffolds are studied. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterise the functionalized CNTs and its interactions with PCL matrix. Mechanical properties of the composites are characterised using nanoindentation. Maximum peak load, elastic modulus and hardness increases with increasing CNT content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies reveal the thermal and crystalline behaviour of PCL and its CNT composites. Biodegradation studies are performed in Pseudomonas Lipase enzymatic media, showing its specificity and effect on degradation rate. Cell imaging and viability studies of H9c2 cells from rat origin on the scaffolds are performed using fluorescence imaging and MTT assay, respectively. PCL and its CNT composites are able to show cell proliferation and have the potential to be used in cardiac tissue engineering.
In this study, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA nanocomposite scaffolds reinforced with magnetic and conductive fillers, were processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing and their bioactivity and biodegradation characteristics were examined. Porous 3D architectures with 50% bulk porosity were 3D printed, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. Thermal analysis confirmed the presence of ~18 wt% of carbon nanostructures (CNF and GNP; nowonwards CNF) and ~37 wt% of magnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3) particles in the filaments. The in vitro degradation tests of scaffolds showed porous and fractured struts after 2 and 4 weeks of immersion in DMEM respectively, although a negligible weight loss is observed. Greater extent of degradation is observed in PLA with magnetic fillers followed by PLA with conductive fillers and neat PLA. In vitro bioactivity study of scaffolds indicate enhancement from ~2.9% (PLA) to ~5.32% (PLA/CNF) and ~ 3.12% (PLA/Fe2O3). Stiffness calculated from the compression tests showed decrease from ~680 MPa (PLA) to 533 MPa and 425 MPa for PLA/CNF and PLA/Fe2O3 respectively. Enhanced bioactivity and faster biodegradation response of PLA nanocomposites with conductive fillers make them a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications such as scaffold bone replacement and regeneration. 相似文献