受禁锢的表面态电子波的驻波

在金属表面上把电子约束在纳米尺度的环形量子围栏中，导致电子波在围栏内形成同心圆状的驻波，本有无限高圆形对称散射势的分析方法模拟和分析了这种情况了受禁锢的表面态电子波的驻波，并介绍了实验上观察了电子驻波图象的方法。     

分形表面电子态

基于Ｐａｌａｓａｎｔｚａｓ的分形上高度－高度关联函数的近似富里叶变换Ｗ（ｋ）,研究了电子态在分形表面上的局域化,发现电子态与表面粗糙有较强的耦合,而且局域化不仅与粗糙的两个参数－均方根高度σ和关联长度ζ有关,还受表面分维数影响,数值结果显示局域化随分维的增大而加强。     

量子围栏：扫描隧道显微术的又一杰作

介绍了一项扫描隧道显微术的最新成就。用扫描隧道显微镜操纵吸附在Ｃｕ（１１１）表面的铁原子，形成由４８个铁原子组成的空心围栏，这一量子围栏能将所包围的表面态电子禁锢在其内部，从而可以用ＳＴＭ与ＳＴＳ同时研究禁锢电子的状态密度对空间和能量的分布。预期这一成果将在许多方面促进今后研究工作的发展。     

用光泵NMR探测GaAs量子阱中的电子态

１９９８年的诺贝尔物理学奖被授予崔琦等三位科学家,以表彰他们在“发现分数量子霍尔效应以及发展量子物理学”方面的重大贡献．在极低温和强磁场条件下,二维电子气系统展现出全新的量子液体特性．由崔琦等奠基的一系列研究成果导致了物质科学领域概念上的新突破．另一...     

磁场下量子点的电子态

原子和核结构的少体理论方法改进后用以研究磁场下包含三个电子的二维量子点的电子性质。我们首先解析地证明了对应于三电子系统基态的幻数角动量的存在起源于量子力学对称性的要求。基于少体理论方法的计算确认了上述理论分析的正确性,计算同时显示出磁场强度和约束势对三电子系统基态的影响。 关键词：     

一维长程关联无序系统中的电子态

利用傅里叶滤波法在一维Anderson无序系统中产生了具有幂律谱密度公式s(q)∝q^-p形式的长程关联随机能量序列，并利用传输矩阵方法计算了系统中引入了长程关联后的局域长度，同时应用负本征值理论对系统中的电子态密度进行了分析，并分别把计算结果与系统中不具有长程关联时的局域长度与电子态密度进行了比较.结果表明，长程幂律关联的引入对电子态的性质产生了很大的影响，当关联指数p≥2.0时，在系统能带中心范围内发生了部分局域态向退局域态的转变，而同时电子态密度也发生了很大的变化，出现了六个范霍夫奇点，系统的能带范围也相应地得到展宽. 关键词： 无序系统 长程关联 局域长度 电子态密度     

磁耦合效应对半无限超晶格中表面电子态的影响

在有效质量近似理论下，采用有效垒高方法，研究了在沿超晶格生长方向加一有限磁场时磁耦合效应对半无限半导体超晶格中表面电子态的影响.当考虑超晶格中阱层和垒层之间电子有效质量的差别时，沿超晶格生长方向的磁场将导致磁耦合效应的出现.研究结果表明，磁耦合效应不仅引起表面电子能级的量子化，而且表面电子能级的大小及其在表面附近的局域程度也依赖于磁场的大小和朗道指数.此外，研究表明布洛赫波数的虚部可以作为一个衡量表面电子态局域程度的物理量. 关键词： 超晶格中的电子态 表面态 磁场     

ZnTe(110)表面电子态及其弛豫对表面电子态的影响

给出了Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体化合物ZnTe(110)表面电子特性的理论研究.考虑最近邻的sp³s模型描述体态电子结构，使用散射理论方法，给出了理想和弛豫ZnTe(110)表面的波矢分辨的电子态密度和表面投影带结构.结果表明：弛豫的ZnTe(110)表面在带隙中没有表面态存在.在价带中的表面态及表面共振态和其他弛豫的Ⅲ-Ⅴ族及Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体的(110)表面具有相似的特征.与实验结果及第一性原理的自洽赝势计算结果相比，计算的结果符合得很好. 关键词：     

纳米硅集团表面电子态的理论研究

研究—Ｈ，—Ｏ或—ＯＨ基吸附于表面的纳米硅集团电子结构的变化情况．选取了几种可能的吸附构型，用定域密度泛函（ＬＤＦ）-集团模型数值自洽求解方法的第一性原理计算，求得优化的吸附位置、相应的电子结构，并分析了有关的光学性质．在全氢饱和的情况下，能隙比硅体的宽，呈明显的量子尺寸效应；部分—Ｈ被—Ｏ原子取代后，在禁带中出现一些“尾态”，这些态部分被占有；若以—ＯＨ基取代—Ｏ，则相应的空尾态被占有，但带隙变化不大．—Ｏ和—ＯＨ吸附时均不呈现明显的量子尺寸效应 关键词：     

CdTe(110)弛豫表面电子态的计算

利用形式散射理论，采用次近邻的紧束缚模型计算了CdTe（110）弛豫表面的电子结构，给出了总体、局域及分波态密度，并给出了表面能带．所得到的结果与实验和第一原理计算结果符合得很好．通过分析表面态的变化，指出表面发生弛豫的原因主要是阴阳离子的p态电子的相互作用加强所致． 关键词：     

Mapping of the electron transmission through the wall of a quantum corral

We report on a theoretical study of the escape of confined surface states electrons from quantum corrals made of Cu adatoms on a Cu(1 1 1) surface. This study maps electron transmission through the corral wall and provides an extension of our earlier work focused on confinement in Cu corrals [S. Díaz-Tendero, F.E. Olsson, A.G. Borisov, J.P. Gauyacq, Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008) 205403]. The existence of two decay modes for the confined surface state is stressed: (i) non-resonant tunnelling through the corral wall concentrated on the Cu adatoms and (ii) a resonant-induced decay involving the transient formation of a resonant state localized on top of the corral wall. The present mapping of the electron transmission reveals how the interference between the two decay modes works: there exist regions where the electron leaves the corral, balanced by regions where it enters the corral, though the global behaviour of the quasi-stationary states is electron escape from the corral.     

量子阱中二维电子气的性质

利用提出的三维不对称方势阱模型，对半导体量子阱中二维电子气的性质进行了研究，确定其量子能级和费米能量，并对有关结果进行了讨论。     

Local density of states around two nonmagnetic impurities in cuprate superconductors

The local density of states (LDOS) around two nonmagnetic impurities which are located at different sites is studied within the two-dimensional t-J-U model. The order parameters are determined in a self-consistent way with the Gutzwiller projected mean-field approximation and the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. When the two impurities are located one or two sites away, we find the superconductivity coherence peaks are more strongly suppressed and the zero-energy peak (ZEP) has split into two peaks. Whereas when the two impurities are located next to each other, the ZEP vanished, and LDOS does not change a lot compared with the case away from the impurities.     

Size effect of quantum conductance in carbon nanotube Y-Junctions

This paper studies the quantum conductance properties of three-terminated carbon nanotube Y-junctions, which are built by connecting three (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes. The results show that the quantum conductance at the Fermi energy oscillates periodically with the junction's size, and the number of oscillating periodic layers is 3 which is the same as that in the two terminated $(10,0)/m(5,5)/(10,0)$ junctions. Moreover, this Y-junction with different size exhibits obvious different distribution of electron current in the two drain branches, called shunt valve effect of electronic current. Thus the degree of this effect can be controlled and modulated directly by constructing the three branches' sizes or the distribution of defect. The results show in detail that the difference between the two drain currents can be up to two times for some constructions with special sizes. In addition, the uniform distribution of defects in the Y-junction leads to lower quantum conductance than that of other defect configurations.     

Preparation of multi-photon Fock states and quantum entanglement properties in circuit QED

We demonstrate the controllable generation of multi-photon Fock states in circuit quantum electrodynamics （circuit QED）. The external bias flux regulated by a counter can effectively adjust the bias time on each superconducting flux qubit so that each flux qubit can pass in turn through the circuit cavity and thereby avoid the effect of decoherence. We further investigate the quantum correlation dynamics of coupling superconducting qubits in a Fock state. The results reveal that the lower the photon number of the light field in the number state, the stronger the interaction between qubits is, then the more beneficial to maintaining entanglement between qubits it will be.     

Donor-bound electron states in a two-dimensional quantum ring under uniform magnetic field

The electron states in a two-dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs quantum ring are theoretically studied in effective mass approximation. On-centre donor impurity and uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the ring plane are taken into account. The energy spectrum with different angular momentum changes dramatically with the geometry of the ring. The donor impurity reduces the energies with an almost fixed value; however, the magnetic field alters energies in a more complex way. For example, energy levels under magnetic field will cross each other when increasing the inner radius and outer radius of the ring, leading to the fact that the arrangement of energy levels is distinct in certain geometry of the ring. Moreover, energy levels with negative angular momentum exhibit the non-monotonous dependence on the increasing magnetic field.     

局域态密度对表面等离激元特性影响的研究

表面等离激元是一种在金属与介质界面上激发并耦合电荷密度起伏的电磁振荡, 具有近场增强和短波长等特性, 在纳米光子学的研究中扮演重要角色. 将表面等离激元的效应用于单光子源的制备, 不但可以有效减小器件的体积, 而且可以有效提高单光子的辐射和收集效率. 本文根据表面等离激元的珀赛尔系数与光子态密度的关系, 采用局域态密度计算的方法, 分析了不同金属材料的局域态密度及珀赛尔系数的特性. 通过计算比较, 选择银为最佳金属材料, 并在此基础上讨论了探测距离和电介质材料对局域态密度和珀赛尔系数的影响, 为基于表面等离子激元的单光子源制备提供重要参数.     

Neural network representations of quantum many-body states

Machine learning is currently the most active interdisciplinary field having numerous applications;additionally,machine-learning techniques are used to research quantum many-body problems.In this study,we first propose neural network quantum states(NNQSs)with general input observables and explore a few related properties,such as the tensor product and local unitary operation.Second,we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for the representability of a general graph state using normalized NNQS.Finally,to quantify the approximation degree of a given pure state,we define the best approximation degree using normalized NNQSs.Furthermore,we observe that some 7V-qubit states can be represented by a normalized NNQS,such as separable pure states,Bell states and GHZ states.     

Noise-free frequency conversion of quantum states

In this paper,the frequency conversion of quantum states based on the intracavity nonlinear interaction is proposed.The fidelity of an input state after frequency conversion is calculated,and it is shown the noise-free frequency conversion of a quantum state can be achieved by injecting a strong signal field.The dependences of conversion efficiency on the pump parameter,extra losses and input state amplitude are also analysed.