纳米压痕和划痕法对含氧化铈薄膜机械性能的测定

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体上制备了CeO2-TiO2单层膜、TiO2-SiO2单层膜和CeO2-TiO2/TiO2-SiO2双层膜,采用纳米压痕和划痕法对薄膜的机械性能(纳米硬度、弹性模量、临界载荷、摩擦系数)进行了分析.实验结果表明,双层膜与玻璃基体的附着力以及弹性模量、硬度等指标均大于单层膜,由TiO2-SiO2组成的内层,对强化附着力起到了关键作用.     

氯气的制备与性质综合实验设计

将氯气制备与多个性质实验及尾气吸收综合在一起进行一体化创新设计,整个装置密闭,操作简单。该实验集微型化和综合性于一体,既节约试剂,现象明显,又可控速率,绿色环保,非常适合课堂演示。     

8-羟基喹啉及其铝配合物的合成、表征及发光性能——推荐一个综合化学实验

首先采用Skraup法制备8-羟基喹啉(HQ),涉及到有机实验中的回流加热、水蒸气蒸馏、结晶与重结晶等基本操作;然后利用合成的8-羟基喹啉来制备AlQ_3,通过返滴定法测定其中的铝含量;最后测量8-羟基喹啉与AlQ_3的红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、紫外-可见光谱和荧光发射光谱。本实验涵盖合成、表征到性能测试,让学生认识和完成了一个基本的科研过程。     

Some Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Yttrium and Lanthanide Benzohydroxamates

The conditions of formation and some properties of yttrium and lanthanide benzohydroxamates were studied. Simultaneous TG-DTG-DTA studies under non-isothermal conditions were carried out in air atmosphere in the temperature range 20-1000°C. The IR spectra and X-ray patterns of some thermal decomposition products were recorded. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evaluation of the Dispersing Properties of Polycarboxylate-Type Superplasticizers with Different Molecular Weight in Cement Systems

In order to evaluate the dispersing properties of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizers (PCs) with different molecular weight in cement pastes, PCs with different molecular weight (low, medium, high) were synthesized, and used as superplasticizer for cement suspensions. The effect of molecular weight of PC on the zeta potential, adsorption, fluidity of the corresponding cement suspensions was investigated systematically, and total interparticle potential energy between particles was calculated. The results show that, the higher molecular weight of PC, the larger adsorption amount of PC. PC with medium molecular weight presents a better dispersing property than PC with high molecular weight, while PC with low molecular weight falls in between. The maintaining dispersing ability of PC for cement particles is weakened gradually with the increasing of molecular weight. The changing rule of total interparticle potential energy produced by PC is in accordance with the changing rule of dispersing property of PC in cement pastes. This indicates that the calculated results of total interparticle potential energy further support the explanation of dispersing property difference of PC in theory. This article uses the sum of electrostatic energy and steric hindrance potential as the total interparticle potential energy to evaluate the dispersing property of PC for the first time, which is meaningful for evaluation of dispersing property of polymer dispersant adsorbed on particle surfaces.     

The Synthesis and Properties of Some Fluorinated Dialkyl Phosphoramidates

The synthesis and physical properties of the first fluorinated dialkyl phosphoramidates of structure (RCH 2 O) 2 P(O)NHCH 2 R F , where R = CH 3 , CF 3 or CCl 3 and R F = CF 3 or C 2 F 5 , are described. They were obtained by treatment of the respective dialkyl phosphorochloridates with trifluoroethylamine or pentafluoropropylamine in ether in the presence of triethylamine.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备钯催化剂的织构与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Pd/Al2O3催化剂，用LLS(激光光散射)、XRD和BET等技术考察了溶液pH值对所成胶体粒子流体力学半径、相应催化剂产品孔径分布及热稳定性的影响.研究发现，由pH=4.1的胶体制备的催化剂具有良好的热稳定性和CO、C3H6的氧化活性.氧化镧添加剂可抑制Al2O3载体在高温下由γ相向α相的转化，同时也促进了催化剂上Pd粒子的生长. La2O3可提高新鲜Pd催化剂的氧化活性，但对老化后催化剂活性的提高无促进作用.     

对比实验法在无机及分析化学实验教学中的应用——以银量法测定氯含量实验为例

介绍莫尔法和荧光黄法测定生理盐水中氯化钠含量的实验原理和操作步骤,针对无机及分析化学实验教学中测定氯含量实验的原理、指示剂、标准溶液、滴定条件及适用范围等内容进行比较和分析,阐明了不同实验方法与操作步骤之间的对应关系。学生根据预习实验,结合具体实验操作、实验现象和实验结果的对比,可以充分直观地理解实验内容,掌握无机及分析化学实验的学习方法,提高学生的发现问题和解决问题的能力。     

棕色环实验的目视法和紫外可见光谱法研究*

在遵循实验室废弃物绿色处理的“减量”原则基础上,对硝酸根离子的鉴定实验——棕色环实验从试剂用量,试管直径及类型、亚铁盐的种类和干扰离子等多方面进行了研究,同时结合紫外可见光谱法研究了棕色环物质的稳定性。发现试剂用量,试管直径及NO^-₂、I^-、SO^2-₃等离子的存在对棕色环的形成有一定影响。在优化后的实验条件下,可明显观察到棕色环的形成。同时发现棕色环物质在302,450,587 nm处有吸收。实验结果运用到教学中效果良好。     

Simultaneous Optimization of Variables in Fia Systems by Means of the Simplex Method

Abstract

A response function (RF) in order to simultaneously optimize different variables by the SIMPLEX method in FIA systems, with the possibility of applying weights, is proposed. The optimization program developed to use this RF is assayed in the optimization of two different flow injection procedures. The obtained results are discussed.     

荧光探针法研究新型Gemini表面活性剂在水溶液中的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了新型Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度(CMC)、胶团聚集数(N_agg)及胶团微极性.研究了Gemini表面活性剂结构和氯化钠浓度对CMC、N_agg、胶团微极性的影响.结果表明,新型Gemini表面活性剂的CMC比常规表面活性剂的CMC低1—2个数量级.当疏水基碳原子数增加时,CMC依次降低,N_agg增大,胶团微极性减小.当氯化钠浓度增大时,N_agg增大,胶团微极性减小.