Flow Structure in a Ranque−Hilsch Vortex Tube

The structure of twisted flow in a Ranque?Hilsch vortex tube is investigated experimentally by modeling gas flow with an incompressible fluid flow. The velocity field is measured with a laser Doppler anemometer in the entire volume of the vortex chamber. The streamline pattern, which gives a complete presentation of the flow structure in the Ranque?Hilsch tube, is plotted in the axial section of the chamber. The resulting streamline pattern can serve as a basis for explaining the physical mechanism of the Ranque effect.     

Structure Stability of I—Type Carbon Nanotube Junctions

Carbon nanotubes with junctions may play an important role in future nanoelectronics and future nano devices.In particular,junctions constructed with metal and semiconducting nanotubes have potential applications.Based on the orthogonal tight-binding molecular dynamics method,we present our study of the structure stability of I-type carbon nanotube junctions.     

Electronic Structures of the Filled Tetrahedral Semiconductor LiMgN with a Zincblende—Type Structure

An ab initio method with mixed-basis norm-conserving non-local pseudo-potentials has been employed to investigate the electronic structures of LiMgN.The band structure ,electronic density of states and charge density contour plot of LiMgN are also presented.By the calculation,we have found that LiMgN with a zincblende-type structure was an indirect gap semiconductor,and the value of indirect(Γ-X) energy band gap under the local density approximation was 2.97eV.In addition,the strong covalent charcter for Li-N and Mg-N has also been found in LiMgN.     

r-Matrix Structure for a Restricted Flow with Bargmann Constraint

This paper deals with the integrability of a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system linked with the generalized coupled KdV hierarchy. For this purpose the associated Lax representation is presented after an elementary calculation. It is shown that the Lax representation enjoys a dynamical r-matrix formula instead of a classical one in the Poisson bracket on R^2N. Consequently the resulting system is proved to be completely integrable in view of its r-matrix structure.     

Two Phases of Coherent Structure Motions in Turbulent Boundary Layer

Two phases of coherent structure motion are acquired after obtaining conditional phase-averaged waveforms for longitudinal velocity of coherent structures in turbulent boundary layer based on Harr wavelet transfer. The correspondences of the two phases to the two processes （i.e. ejection and sweep） during a burst are determined.     

Three Kinds of Velocity Structure Function in Turbulent Flows

Based on the local multi-scale eddy structures in turbulent flows, we elucidate the essential difference between the real turbulent field with a finite Reynolds number and the Kolmogorov fully developed random field. The motion of fluid particles in the real turbulent field is not fully random. There exist multi-scale structures due to the effect of viscosity. Actually the movements of fluid particles in the turbulent field are restricted by such eddy structures. Furthermore, concept of the locally averaged velocity structure function is put forward to describe the relative strain distortion of two adjacent turbulent eddy structures at a certain scale. The time sequence of the longitudinal velocity component at different vertical locations in turbulent boundary layer has been elaborately measured by the constant temperature anemometry of model 1FA-300 in a wind tunnel. The experiment proves that the locally averaged velocity structure function is in agreement with the wavelet-coefficient structure function.     

A New Type of Photoelectric Response in a Double Barrier Structure with a Wide Quantum Well

We have calculated the photoelectric response in a specially designed double barrier structure. It has been verified that a transfer of the internal photovoltaic effect in the quantum well to the tunnelling transport through above-barrier quasibound states of the emitter barrier may give rise to a remarkable photocurrent.     

Effects of Particle Size on Dilute Particle Dispersion in a Karman Vortex Street Flow

It is shown that in a Karman vortex street flow,particle size influences the dilute particle dispersion.Together with an increase of the particle size,there is an emergence of a period-doubling bifurcation to a chaotic orbit,as well as a decrease of the corresponding basins of attraction.A crisis leads the attractor to escape from the central region of flow.In the motion of dilute particles,a drag term and gravity term dominate and result in a bifurcation phenomenon.     

Calculations of Electron Structure of Endohedrally Confined Helium Atom with B—Spline Type Functions

The B-spline basis set method is used to study the properties of helium confined endohedrally at the geometrical centre of a fullerene.The boundary conditions of the wavefunctions can be simply satisfied with this method.From our results,the phenomenon of “mirror collapse” is found in the case of confining belium.The interesting behaviors of confining helium are also discussed.     

Structure and phase transition of a two—dimensional dusty plasma

The structure and phase transition of a two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma have been investigated in detail bymolecular dynamics simulation. Pair correlation function, static structure factor, mean square displacement, and bondangle correlation function have been calculated to characterize the structural properties. The variation of internalenergy, shear modulus, particle trajectories and structural properties with temperature has been monitored to studythe phase transition of the 2D dusty plasma system. The simulation results are in favour of a two-step continuoustransition for this kind of plasma.     

Effect of Laser Pulse Shape on the Wake Field in Relativistic Intense Laser—Plasma Interaction

We study the effect of laser pulse shape on the plasma wake field driven by an intense laser beam.It is found that the modified asymmetric laser pulse shape with a sharply rising front and broad falling back,due to some nonlinear interactions of an intense laser pulse with plasmas,can significantly enhance the magnitude of the wake field.     

Lattice Bhatnagar—Gross—Krook Simulations of Turbulent Natural Convection in a Cavity

A thermal lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (LBGK) model with a robust boundary scheme is developed for Boussinesq incompressible fluids.In the model the velocity and temperature fields are solved by two independent LBGK equations which are combined into a coupled equation for the whole system.The two-dimensional natural convection flow of air in a differentially heated cavity of an aspect ratio of four is simulated for the Rayleigh number up to 10^10.The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with those of previous studies.     

Band Structure of a two—Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Triangular Lattice of Anisotropic Elliptic Cylinders

The plane-wave expansion method is used to calculate the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal formed by a triangular lattice of anisotropic elliptic cylinders.After optimizing the parameters of the elliptic cylinders,we find a large bandgap (about 0.0449 ωe,ωe=2πc/α) at high frequencies beside a coexisting large absolute gap(about 0.035ωe) at low frequencies.Numerical results show that the optimal design is very stable under any parameter perturbation.     

Flow rate — pressure head characteristics of a hydrodiode

Results of a study of the flow rate — pressure head characteristics of a perforated membrane immersed in an oscillating liquid flow are reported; such characteristics need to be known when hydropneumodiodes are used as a pump. We show that the perforation pattern (or, more specifically, the number of perforated holes) affects just the rate of the liquid flow through membrane.     

Structure and phase transition of a two-dimensional dusty plasma

The structure and phase transition of a two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma have been investigated in detail by molecular dynamics simulation. Pair correlation function, static structure factor, mean square displacement, and bond angle correlation function have been calculated to characterize the structural properties. The variation of internal energy, shear modulus, particle trajectories and structural properties with temperature has been monitored to study the phase transition of the 2D dusty plasma system. The simulation results are in favour of a two-step continuous transition for this kind of plasma.     

A Pseudospectral Time—Domain Algorithm for Calculating the Band Structure of a Two—Dimensional Photonic Crystal

A pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method is developed for calculating the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal.Maxwell‘s equations are rewritten in terms of period fields by using the Bloch theorem.Instead of spatial finite differences,the fast Fourier transform is used to calculate the spatial derivatives.To reach a similar accuracy,fewer sample points are required in the present PSTD method as compared to the conventional finite-difference time-domain methods.Our numerical simulation shows that the present PSTD method is an efficient and accurate method for calculating the band structure of a photonic crystal.