Volume growth and heat kernel estimates for the continuum random tree

In this article, we prove global and local (point-wise) volume and heat kernel bounds for the continuum random tree. We demonstrate that there are almost–surely logarithmic global fluctuations and log–logarithmic local fluctuations in the volume of balls of radius r about the leading order polynomial term as r → 0. We also show that the on-diagonal part of the heat kernel exhibits corresponding global and local fluctuations as t → 0 almost–surely. Finally, we prove that this quenched (almost–sure) behaviour contrasts with the local annealed (averaged over all realisations of the tree) volume and heat kernel behaviour, which is smooth.      

Sharp heat kernel bounds and entropy in metric measure spaces

We establish the sharp upper and lower bounds of Gaussian type for the heat kernel in the metric measure space satisfying the RCD(0, N)(equivalently, RCD~*(0, N), condition with N∈N\ {1} and having the maximum volume growth, and then show its application on the large-time asymptotics of the heat kernel, sharp bounds on the(minimal) Green function, and above all, the large-time asymptotics of the Perelman entropy and the Nash entropy, where for the former the monotonicity of the Perelman entropy is proved. The results generalize the corresponding ones in the Riemannian manifolds, and some of them appear more explicit and sharper than the ones in metric measure spaces obtained recently by Jiang et al.(2016).     

Local limit theorems and equidistribution of random walks on the Heisenberg group

We prove local limit theorems for products of independent random variables on the Heisenberg group which are identically distributed with respect to an arbitrary centered and compactly supported probability measure . We also provide uniform estimates for translates of a bounded set by comparing ⁿ to the associated heat kernel. This, in turn, enables us to show the equidistribution of Heisenberg-unipotent random walks on finite volume homogeneous spaces G / .Submitted: October 2003 Revision: November 2004 Accepted: November 2004     

Fixed Point Index in Hyperspaces: A Conley-Type Index for Discrete Semidynamical Systems

Let X be a locally compact metric absolute neighbourhood retractfor metric spaces, U X be an open subset and f: U X be a continuousmap. The aim of the paper is to study the fixed point indexof the map that f induces in the hyperspace of X. For any compactisolated invariant set, K U, this fixed point index produces,in a very natural way, a Conley-type (integer valued) indexfor K. This index is computed and it is shown that it only dependson what is called the attracting part of K. The index is usedto obtain a characterization of isolating neighbourhoods ofcompact invariant sets with non-empty attracting part. Thisindex also provides a characterization of compact isolated minimalsets that are attractors.     

A new approach to pointwise heat kernel upper bounds on doubling metric measure spaces

On doubling metric measure spaces endowed with a strongly local regular Dirichlet form, we show some characterisations of pointwise upper bounds of the heat kernel in terms of global scale-invariant inequalities that correspond respectively to the Nash inequality and to a Gagliardo–Nirenberg type inequality when the volume growth is polynomial. This yields a new proof and a generalisation of the well-known equivalence between classical heat kernel upper bounds and relative Faber–Krahn inequalities or localised Sobolev or Nash inequalities. We are able to treat more general pointwise estimates, where the heat kernel rate of decay is not necessarily governed by the volume growth. A crucial role is played by the finite propagation speed property for the associated wave equation, and our main result holds for an abstract semigroup of operators satisfying the Davies–Gaffney estimates.     

Lamplighter Random Walks on Fractals

We consider on-diagonal heat kernel estimates and the laws of the iterated logarithm for a switch-walk-switch random walk on a lamplighter graph under the condition that the random walk on the underlying graph enjoys sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimates.     

Does negative type characterize the round sphere?

We discuss the measure-theoretic metric invariants extent, mean distance and symmetry ratio and their relation to the concept of negative type of a metric space. A conjecture stating that a compact Riemannian manifold with symmetry ratio must be a round sphere was put forward by the author in 2004. We resolve this conjecture in the class of Riemannian symmetric spaces by showing that a Riemannian manifold with symmetry ratio must be of negative type and that the only compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of negative type are the round spheres.

     

On Hardy, BMO and Lipschitz spaces of invariantly harmonic functions in the unit ball

The invariantly harmonic functions in the unit ball Bⁿ in Cⁿare those annihilated by the Bergman Laplacian . The Poisson-Szegökernel P(z,) solves the Dirichlet problem for : if f C(Sⁿ),the Poisson-Szegö transform of f, where d is the normalized Lebesgue measure on Sⁿ,is the unique invariantly harmonic function u in Bⁿ, continuousup to the boundary, such that u=f on Sⁿ. The Poisson-Szegötransform establishes, loosely speaking, a one-to-one correspondencebetween function theory in Sⁿ and invariantly harmonic functiontheory in Bⁿ. When n 2, it is natural to consider on Sⁿ functionspaces related to its natural non-isotropic metric, for theseare the spaces arising from complex analysis. In the paper,different characterizations of such spaces of smooth functionsare given in terms of their invariantly harmonic extensions,using maximal functions and area integrals, as in the correspondingEuclidean theory. Particular attention is given to characterizationin terms of purely radial or purely tangential derivatives.The smoothness is measured in two different scales: that ofSobolev spaces and that of Lipschitz spaces, including BMO andBesov spaces. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32A35,32A37, 32M15, 42B25.     

Free convection boundary layers on a vertical surface in a heat-generating porous medium

The natural convection boundary-layer flow on a solid verticalsurface with heat generated within the boundary layer at a rateproportional to (T – T)^p (p 1) is considered. The surfaceis held at the ambient temperature T except near the leadingedge where it is held at a temperature above ambient. The behaviourof the flow as it develops from the leading edge is examinedand is seen to become independent of the initial heat input;however, it does depend strongly on the exponent p. For 1 p 2, the local heating eventually dominates at large distancesand there is a convective flow driven by this mechanism. Forp 4, the local heating does not have a significant effect,the fluid temperature remains relatively small throughout andthe heat transfer dies out through a wall jet flow. For 2 <p < 4, the local heating has a significant effect at relativelysmall distances, with a thermal runaway developing at a finitedistance along the surface.     

Equivalence conditions for on-diagonal upper bounds of heat kernels on self-similar spaces

We obtain the equivalence conditions for an on-diagonal upper bound of heat kernels on self-similar measure energy spaces. In particular, this upper bound of the heat kernel is equivalent to the discreteness of the spectrum of the generator of the Dirichlet form, and to the global Poincaré inequality. The key ingredient of the proof is to obtain the Nash inequality from the global Poincaré inequality. We give two examples of families of spaces where the global Poincaré inequality is easily derived. They are the post-critically finite (p.c.f.) self-similar sets with harmonic structure and the products of self-similar measure energy spaces.     

Volterra Convolution Operators with Values in Rearrangement Invariant Spaces

The Volterra convolution operator Vf(x) = ^x₀(x–y)f(y)dy,where (·) is a non-negative non-decreasing integrablekernel on [0, 1], is considered. Under certain conditions onthe kernel , the maximal Banach function space on [0, 1] onwhich the Volterra operator is a continuous linear operatorwith values in a given rearrangement invariant function spaceon [0, 1] is identified in terms of interpolation spaces. Thecompactness of the operator on this space is studied.     

The Nemitskii Operator in Holder Spaces: Some Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

The Nemitskii operator in the Hölder spaces C^0, () with an open bounded subset of Rⁿ, is studied; necessary and sufficientconditions are given for boundedness, uniform continuity, anduniformly continuous differentiability on bounded sets.     

Resolvent metric and the heat kernel estimate for random walks

In this paper we introduce the resolvent metric, the generalization of the resistance metric used for strongly recurrent walks. By using the properties of the resolvent metric we show heat kernel estimates for recurrent and transient random walks.     

Degree theorems and Lipschitz simplicial volume for nonpositively curved manifolds of finite volume

We study a metric version of the simplicial volume on Riemannianmanifolds, the Lipschitz simplicial volume, with applicationsto degree theorems in mind. We establish a proportionality principleand a product inequality from which we derive an extension ofGromov's volume comparison theorem to products of negativelycurved manifolds or locally symmetric spaces of noncompact type.In contrast, we provide vanishing results for the ordinary simplicialvolume; for instance, we show that the ordinary simplicial volumeof noncompact locally symmetric spaces with finite volume of-rank at least 3 is zero. Received November 6, 2007. Revised August 20, 2008.     

Spaces of Densely Continuous Forms

The set C(X,Y) of continuous functions from a topological space X into a topological space Y is extended to the set D(X,Y) of densely continuous forms from X to Y, such form being a kind of multifunction from X to Y. The topologies of pointwise convergence, uniform convergence, and uniform convergence on compact sets are defined for D(X,Y), for locally compact spaces X and metric spaces Y having a metric satisfying the Heine–Borel property. Under these assumptions, D(X,Y) with the uniform topology is shown to be completely metrizable. In addition, if X is compact, D(X,Y) is completely metrizable under the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets. For this latter topology, an Ascoli theorem is established giving necessary and sufficient conditions for a subset of D(X,Y) to be compact.     

On the Completions of the Spaces of Metrics on an Open Manifold II

Given a set X we construct a metric ρ on the set $ (\cal S)(X) $ of semi-metrics on X. We prove that ρ is complete and that a variety of interesting subsets of $ (\cal S)(X) $ are closed, giving rise to complete metric spaces of semi-metrics. In the second part we generalize this to a result about finite separating families of semi-metrics. In the third part of the paper we apply the results from the first part by constructing canonical metrics on spaces of riemannian metrics on an open manifold, which metricize some of the uniform structures defined in [3]. Finally we give some directions for possible applications.     

Set convergence for discretizations of the attractor

We consider the discretization of a dynamical system given bya C⁰-semigroup S(t), defined on a Banach space X, possessingan attractor . Under certain weak assumptions, Hale, Lin andRaugel showed that discretizations of S(t) possess local attractors,which may be considered as approximations to . Without furtherassumptions, we show that these local attractors possess convergentsubsequences in the Hausdorff or set metric, whose limit isa compact invariant subset of . Using a new construction, wealso consider the Kloeden and Lorenz concept of attracting setsin a Banach space, and show under mild assumptions that discretizationspossess attracting sets converging to in the Hausdorff metric. ath{at}maths.bath.ac.uk Endre.Suli{at}comlab.ox.ac.uk