一种缩氨基硫脲类衍生物探针测定生物样品中的蛋白质含量

在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液体系中(pH=7.4),研究了1,4-二羟基-2-甲酰基-9,10-蒽醌缩对甲氧基苯基氨基硫脲(EN)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)体系的荧光猝灭光谱和三维荧光光谱,证明EN与HSA可以发生相互作用,使人血清白蛋白的疏水微环境的极性以及构象发生变化。 考察了Δλ值、反应介质和离子强度等因素对体系同步荧光光谱特征及强度的影响。 在此基础上,建立了以EN为分子探针,运用固定波长同步荧光光谱法测定生物样品中的蛋白质含量的方法。 在最佳实验条件下,体系同步荧光强度与HSA在1.380~165.6 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系。 对11份空白溶液进行平行测定,检出限达到0.414 mg/L,相对标准偏差为1.52%。 运用此方法对血清、唾液、尿液进行了加标回收实验,回收率在98.4%～105%。 且同步荧光光谱法测定结果与考马斯亮蓝法基本一致。     

离子色谱电导-紫外检测器串联法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的4种阴离子EI北大核心CSCD

建立了电导-紫外检测器串联离子色谱法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的NO_2^-,NO-3,PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4,选用高通量色谱柱和保护柱,以1.9 mmol/L Na HCO3-3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3为淋洗液,采用电导和紫外检测器同时检测4种离子,抑制电导检测器检测PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4,紫外检测器检测NO_2^-和NO-3以消除高含量Cl-的影响。在优化的色谱条件下,单个样品测试时间为6 min,NO_2^-,NO-3,PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4的方法检出限分别为17.2,32.0,144和22.7μg/L。对2个真实样品进行检测,各离子的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%~5.3%,对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为95.6%~105.6%。     

离子色谱电导-紫外检测器串联法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的4种阴离子

建立了电导-紫外检测器串联离子色谱法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的NO_2~-,NO-3,PO_4~(3-)和SO2-4,选用高通量色谱柱和保护柱,以1.9 mmol/L Na HCO3-3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3为淋洗液,采用电导和紫外检测器同时检测4种离子,抑制电导检测器检测PO_4~(3-)和SO2-4,紫外检测器检测NO_2~-和NO-3以消除高含量Cl-的影响。在优化的色谱条件下,单个样品测试时间为6 min,NO_2~-,NO-3,PO_4~(3-)和SO2-4的方法检出限分别为17.2,32.0,144和22.7μg/L。对2个真实样品进行检测,各离子的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%~5.3%,对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为95.6%~105.6%。     

悬浮液进样-基体改进石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定松香中微量砷

建立了采用悬浮液进样-基体改进石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定松香中微量砷的分析方法。以无水乙醇为样品润湿剂,硝酸钯为基体改进剂,考察了样品粒度、悬浮剂浓度、样品用量、基体改进剂的选择及用量、原子化温度及常见共存离子等因素对测定结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,方法对砷的检出限(3σ)为0.061μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.77%,加标回收率在97.8%～102.2%之间。与干灰化预处理法进行对照实验,测定结果无显著性差异。     

ZrO2-10% Dy2O3纳米晶的碱性水热法合成及其烧结体的电性能研究

以湿化学法制得Zr(OH)4和Dy(OH)3的共沉淀为前驱体, 在碱性介质(pH=7.60～13.89)中用水热法合成了ZrO2-10% Dy2O3(摩尔分数)立方相纳米晶. 研究发现, 纳米晶粒径随着反应介质pH值的增大而增大;同时纳米晶粒径随着水热反应介质温度的升高而增大. 将ZrO2-10% Dy2O3纳米晶在1400 ℃下烧结制得了致密的固体电解质陶瓷样品, 比通常高温固相反应法采用的烧结温度(＞1550 ℃)降低了150 ℃以上. 还用交流阻抗谱法及氧浓差电池法研究了ZrO2-10% Dy2O3陶瓷样品在600～1000 ℃下的离子导电特性. 结果表明, 该陶瓷样品在600～1000 ℃下氧离子迁移数为1, 氧离子电导率的最大值为2.2×10-2 S·cm-1, 是一个优良的氧离子导体.     

以海藻酸钠为模板制备蜂窝状纳米CeO_2及其性能

以海藻酸钠为生物模板剂,Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为铈源,在真空干燥条件下简单快速地合成了具有蜂窝状多孔结构的纳米Ce O_2。对制得的样品进行傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、N_2-吸附脱附及扫描电镜、透射电镜表征,研究了样品的结构组成、孔径、比表面积及样品形貌特征。同时考察了干燥方式、海藻酸钠浓度对样品形貌的影响。结果表明:制备的样品为结晶度高、分散均匀的纳米Ce O_2,以蜂窝状的中孔和大孔为主,Ce O_2的比表面积为210.0 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径为12.77 nm。样品在湿式催化过氧化法处理高浓度有机废水实验中,废水COD去除率达90%以上。     

以海藻酸钠为模板制备蜂窝状纳米CeO_2及其性能EI北大核心CSCD

以海藻酸钠为生物模板剂,Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为铈源,在真空干燥条件下简单快速地合成了具有蜂窝状多孔结构的纳米Ce O_2。对制得的样品进行傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、N_2-吸附脱附及扫描电镜、透射电镜表征,研究了样品的结构组成、孔径、比表面积及样品形貌特征。同时考察了干燥方式、海藻酸钠浓度对样品形貌的影响。结果表明:制备的样品为结晶度高、分散均匀的纳米Ce O_2,以蜂窝状的中孔和大孔为主,Ce O_2的比表面积为210.0 m^2·g^(-1),平均孔径为12.77 nm。样品在湿式催化过氧化法处理高浓度有机废水实验中,废水COD去除率达90%以上。     

微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤和沉积物中Be~(2+)

建立了微波酸溶电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤和沉积物中Be2+的分析方法。采用HNO_3-HCl-HF混酸体系微波消解土壤及沉积物样品,以电热板赶酸的方法对样品进行前处理。优化了仪器参数,采用在线内标法消除基体效应。方法的检出限为0.0029mg/kg。对土壤标准样品进行测定,结果都在标准值范围之内;对土壤及沉积物实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差均小于5%,加标回收率分别在94.4%~115%和91.5%~113%范围之内。实验结果表明,建立的ICP-MS法与石墨炉原子吸收(GFAA)法对土壤的沉积物中Be~(2+)的测定无差异性。     

2.5次微分电分析法直接测定NO_3~-离子的研究

极谱法测定NO_3~-离子,人们研究较多的是先将NO_3~-离子还原为NO_2~-,然后借助催化体系通过测定NO_2~-离子来换算NO_3~-的含量。近来,直接测定NO_3~-离子也有报道,在硫酸钾的存在下,利用硝酸根与铀离子的催化反应,以微分脉冲极谱法测定NO_3~-离子的含量。但NO_2~-,HPO_4~(2-)离子干扰严重,必须预先除去。本文通过实验,发现在醋酸铀酞-尿素体系中,大量的NO_2~-离子存在,不干扰NO_3~-的直接测定。应用该法测定了四种天然水样品,测定结果及回收率均较为满意。     

离子液体超酸清洁催化苯的烷基化反应

研究了在具有Lewis酸性的离子液体体系中进行的苯与烯烃及卤代烃的烷基化反应.以氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑(MEIC)、氯化1-丁基吡啶(BPC)、氯化l-甲基-3-丁基咪唑(MBIC)及盐酸三甲胺(TMHC)季铵盐分别与AlCl3原位合成法制备离子液体催化体系.结果表明:以上各种离子液体均有很高的催化活性,反应转化率在较短的时间内达到100%.其中TMHC-A1Cl3离子液体单烷基化选择性达98.6%.与AlCl3相比,催化活性显著提高,生成烷基化产物不溶于离子液体,因而易于分离,催化剂可重复使用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。