Time division vector optical sampling for ultrafast amplitude/phase modulation device characterization

A technique is proposed and demonstrated for measuring the waveforms of optical signals by making use of homodyne in-phase and quadrature detection combined with nonlinear optical sampling. The technique is based on time division sampling of electric field components with a discretely phase-modulated local oscillator light and is applied for the evaluation of the ultrafast response in a semiconductor optical amplifier.     

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介绍了反场箍缩KTX装置主机主要构成部件、安装精度要求以及装配方案。通过建立一个独立于装置之外且可永久保存的装配基准网,以及对坐标系控制网的测量数据分析,确保各部件的安装定位和准确测量。     

KTX 反场箍缩装置装配基准网的创建与分析

介绍了反场箍缩KTX装置主机主要构成部件、安装精度要求以及装配方案。通过建立一个独立于装置之外且可永久保存的装配基准网,以及对坐标系控制网的测量数据分析,确保各部件的安装定位和准确测量。     

Open-loop electrooptic sampling for real-time analysis and near-field imaging of ultrafast electronic devices

In this paper, we present an open-loop electrooptic sampling system for real-time characterization and near-field scanning of ultrafast electronic devices. The system capabilities such as picosecond time resolution as well as 210 GHz of measurement bandwidth are verified with measurement of a CMOS nonlinear transmission line and an ultimate bandwidth of 230 GHz has been achieved with a post-process algorithm. The noise of the system is quantified and imaging over a broad range of frequencies for an on-chip antenna is demonstrated.     

Low Pass metallic mesh interference filters for operation in the 165 GHz to 880 GHz region

Low Pass metallic mesh interference filters have been designed and constructed for operation in the region 340 m (880 GHz) to 1.8 mm (165 GHz). These filters have been shown to have excellent edge characteristics and good rejection regions. The results show that the mesh filter can be effectively used in both millimetre and submillimetre regions.Part of this work was performed while this author was at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K.     

Data analysis techniques for gravitational wave observations

Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves fall broadly into three categories: (i) transient and bursts, (ii) periodic or continuous wave and (iii) stochastic. Each type of source requires a different type of data analysis strategy. In this talk various data analysis strategies will be reviewed. Optimal filtering is used for extracting binary inspirals; Fourier transforms over Doppler shifted time intervals are computed for long duration periodic sources; optimally weighted cross-correlations for stochastic background. Some recent schemes which efficiently search for inspirals will be described. The performance of some of these techniques on real data obtained will be discussed. Finally, some results on cancellation of systematic noises in laser interferometric space antenna (LISA) will be presented and future directions indicated.     

Performance analysis of optical network based on optical add drop multiplexers with different MZI techniques

This paper presents an investigation on the performance of an optical network in terms of crosstalk based on optical add drop multiplexers with Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), MZI-semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and MZI-fiber Braggs gratings (FBG) techniques obtained at 8 × 10 Gbps with 0.1 nm channel spacing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission with optical add drop multiplexer (OADM) placed at the 20 km point of a 40 km link. It is found that the signal can be transmitted with least BER and better Q-factor with MZI-FBG based OADM and the worst case is found with the MZI-SOA based OADM.     

Transient reflecting grating for sub-surface analysis: GHz ultrasonic and thermal spectroscopies and imaging

Picosecond time-resolved Transient Reflecting Grating (TRG) measurements are demonstrated for GHz ultrasonic and thermal spectroscopies of thin films and sub-surface regions of sub-m scale. The measurements should be tools for electrochemical interface monitoring and time-resolved imaging. Some results are presented to show ion-implantation-induced surface hardening and unusual heat-diffusion behavior near a silicon surface. A model describing potential dependence of TRG responses at an electrochemical interface is proposed. An image of photoexcited carrier density is compared with a thermal image for a He-ion-implanted silicon wafer to demonstrate the time-resolved imaging.     

Prediction of the acoustic form function by neural network techniques for immersed tubes

A new approach is used to predict the acoustic form function (FF) for an infinite length cylindrical shell excited perpendicularly to its axis using the artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The Wigner-Ville distribution is used like a comparison tool between the FF calculated by the analytical method and that predicted by the ANN techniques for a stainless steel tube. During the development of the network, several configurations are evaluated for various radius ratios ba (a: outer radius: b: inner radius of the tube). The optimal model is a network with one hidden layer. It is able to predict the FF with a mean relative error about 1.61% for the cases studied in this paper.     

Automatic interferogram analysis techniques applied to quasi-heterodyne holography and ESPI

This paper describes significant developments in methods for the automatic, quantitative analysis of interferograms. All areas of analysis have been considered: fringe field generation, pre-processing, and phase unwrapping.

A new quasi-heterodyne holographic technique is described in which the image is reconstructed using a single beam. The errors in the reconstructed fringe field are mainly linear in form, and an error compensation scheme is proposed. The final error in the phase measurement using automatic analysis is λ/40.

The process of image smoothing by an averaging filter is considered to reduce the effects of random noise. It is shown that by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the fringe field an optimum degree of smoothing may be applied. This is demonstrated on holographic and electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) data.

Two methods for cosinusoidal fringe image combination are compared, using three or four fields. It is shown that an automatic analysis can be achieved using four phase stepped images.

A new algorithm to automatically unwrap the phase of complex fringe patterns is described. The fringe field is segmented into small rectangular areas, called tiles. This allows local data to be obtained on fringe consistency and density. A confidence tree can then be formed to produce an optimal solution for the whole field. Results are presented and discussed for both holographic and ESPI data.     

Spectroscopic techniques for the forensic analysis of textile fibers

A review has been conducted on the application of the spectroscopic techniques to the comparative study and identification of different textile fibers. Microspectrophotometry in the ultraviolet-visible range and Raman spectroscopy are the main techniques investigated with this aim in the forensic field. UV-Vis MSP is the first recommended technique, which is principally used to study the color of the fibers. A more complete approximation focused on determining the specific color of the fibers providing adding Raman spectroscopy to the analytical scheme. Sometimes, it also provided information about the polymeric nature of the fibers. Regarding FTIR spectroscopy, it is the recommended tool to determine the fiber nature. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy are complementary techniques and a frequent recommendation is a combination of both techniques, in order to get a comprehensive analysis of textile fibers. On the other hand, new and more informative analytical techniques are emerging to the analysis of textile fibers as traces related with criminal contacts, such as infrared chemical imaging spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Special techniques for the Auger analysis of microelectronic devices

Microelectronic devices are becoming more complex and device features are getting smaller as the level of integration continues to increase. Although scanning Auger microscopy has been applied extensively to the analysis of microelectronic devices with a great deal of success, the analysis of current and future devices is presenting new challenges. The major limitations are (1) features of interest in microelectronic circuits are often comparable in size to the beam diameter of commercial Auger microprobes, and (2) the electron beam tends to drift about on the specimen surface because of mechanical instability and differential thermal expansion of the apparatus. In this paper, we present two different techniques developed to overcome these limitations. In the specimen modulation technique, the modulating signal is applied to the electrically isolatable regions of a device instead of to the electron energy analyzer. This method of modulation permits the detection of only the Auger electrons that are emitted from the modulated region. Spurious contributions from adjacent areas inadvertently illuminated by the analyzing beam are suppressed. In the position modulation technique, the analyzing beam is scanned repetitively across the feature to be analyzed and the Auger signal is synchronously detected at the scan frequency. The resulting Auger signal magnitude is shown to be unaffected by beam drift. This method of signal detection eliminates the error and uncertainty caused by beam instability during long-term depth profiling, but is applicable only to specimens with certain geometries.     

Noise rejection for two time-based multi-output modal analysis techniques

Modal analysis is a well-developed field with many applications. In particular, forced response multi-output approaches are well suited for system identification and online damage detection because they use the natural excitations the system undergoes during its normal operation. In this work, two of these approaches, smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) and direct system parameter identification (DSPI), are analyzed, compared, and improved upon. SOD was originally developed as a tool for detecting features of chaotic dynamical systems. Recently, it has been used as a time-based multi-output modal analysis approach. SOD has been demonstrated to work for the free vibration case and for random excitations. DSPI was developed as a time-based multi-input multi-output approach. When the inputs are not measured, DSPI is very similar to SOD and can handle both free vibrations and random excitations. However, if the inputs are measured or known DSPI can also handle arbitrary excitations. To improve the performance of these two methods when used with noisy data, novel noise filtering algorithms are proposed. Numerical simulations are performed to compare the two methods and to show the effectiveness of the filtering algorithms in improving frequency and mode shape extraction.     

爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置的设计与仿真

应用Pspice仿真软件建立了一个爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置的等效电路模型,分析了电路中各元件参数对爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置输出电流波形的影响,并根据电路中高压脉冲电容器充电电压的不同优化了四组回路参数。应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析了爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置分别在这四组参数情况下的输出电流波形与被模拟的爆磁压缩发生器输出电流波形的曲线相似度,并对工程上实现该模拟装置存在的问题进行了分析。另外,还对爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置通过脉冲变压器对脉冲形成线充电进行了仿真。结果表明,此方案在理论上可以实现对爆磁压缩发生器输出电流波形上升阶段的准确模拟。     

Performance analysis of an optical device for cylindrical flow visualizations

The performance of an optical device which allows a laser beam to be converted into a thin cylindrical light sheet is presented; a double conical reflector is associated with a focusing system. The adjustment possibilities of the optical parameters are related according to the Gaussian laser beam theory, sheet diameter and thickness, focusing distance, sheet field depth and power density. An example of the visualization in a Taylor-Couette flow is described.     

爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置的设计与仿真

应用Pspice仿真软件建立了一个爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置的等效电路模型,分析了电路中各元件参数对爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置输出电流波形的影响,并根据电路中高压脉冲电容器充电电压的不同优化了四组回路参数。应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析了爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置分别在这四组参数情况下的输出电流波形与被模拟的爆磁压缩发生器输出电流波形的曲线相似度,并对工程上实现该模拟装置存在的问题进行了分析。另外,还对爆磁压缩发生器模拟装置通过脉冲变压器对脉冲形成线充电进行了仿真。结果表明,此方案在理论上可以实现对爆磁压缩发生器输出电流波形上升阶段的准确模拟。     

基于粒子群优化的网络动态可靠性分析

时变性是节点和网络的典型特征。针对时变可靠性问题主要是基于上穿率法进行分析,传统的上穿率法分析方法通过时间离散,然后采用FORM法计算其瞬时可靠度,进而计算上穿率。对于功能函数非线性程度较高时,FORM求解精度降低。本文采用pso算法改进上穿率法,首先在离散时间之后,通过pso算法求解瞬时可靠度指标,然后计算上穿率进行时变可靠性分析,并通过实例与上穿率法及Monte-Carlo方法进行对比,本文提出的方法可以提高计算精度。     

A layman's guide to modern dynamic analysis techniques

An attempt is made to describe modern dynamic analysis techniques, simply and intelligibly—and completely without the aid of equations. Some of the benefits to be obtained are also discussed.