双链特异性核酸切割酶等温循环扩增结合 高效液相色谱高灵敏检测双目标microRNA

通过双链特异性核酸切割酶(DSN)循环扩增策略结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,实现了对两种疾病标志物microRNA(miRNA)的选择性分离和高灵敏检测.采用酶循环等温扩增策略增强了目标miRNA的信号,提高了HPLC法检测核酸的灵敏度.利用固定在磁珠上的不同长度和碱基序列的DNA探针实现了不同miRNA信号的色谱分...     

基于链置换循环无标记检测端粒酶RNA的荧光法

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为DNA载体和荧光猝灭剂, SYBR Green Ⅰ(SGⅠ)为荧光信号探针, 发夹核酸探针为分子识别探针, 基于目标物启动的发夹核酸探针链置换循环反应, 建立了一种利用荧光共振能量转移和链置换循环放大技术检测端粒酶RNA(hTR)的荧光新方法. 发夹核酸探针hpDNA1和hpDNA2吸附在GO表面, 嵌插在发夹DNA探针茎部的SGⅠ的荧光信号被GO猝灭. 当人工合成的目标物(T1)存在时, T1与hpDNA1杂交打开hpDNA1的茎-环结构而引发hpDNA2与T1之间的链置换循环反应, 由此累积产生大量的hpDNA1/hpDNA2杂交双链. 刚性的双链DNA脱离GO表面, 导致所嵌插的SGⅠ产生较强的荧光信号. 基于荧光信号的变化, 可定量检测0.2~50 nmol/L的T1, 检出限为90 pmol/L. 该方法为端粒酶RNA检测提供了一种高灵敏、 高特异性且无需标记的荧光新途径.     

基于链置换循环无标记检测端立酶RNA的荧光法

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为DNA载体和荧光猝灭剂,SYBRGreen Ⅰ(SGⅠ)为荧光信号探针,发夹核酸探针为分子识别探针,基于目标物启动的发夹核酸探针链置换循环反应,建立了一种利用荧光共振能量转移和链置换循环放大技术检测端粒酶RNA (hTR)的荧光新方法.发夹核酸探针hpDNA1和hpDNA2吸附在GO表面,嵌插在发夹DNA探针茎部的SG Ⅰ的荧光信号被GO猝灭.当人工合成的目标物(T1)存在时,T1与hpDNA1杂交打开hpDNA1的茎-环结构而引发hpDNA2与T1之间的链置换循环反应,由此累积产生大量的hpDNA1/hpDNA2杂交双链.刚性的双链DNA脱离GO表面,导致所嵌插的SG Ⅰ产生较强的荧光信号.基于荧光信号的变化,可定量检测0.2～50 nmoL/L的T1,检出限为90 pmol/L.该方法为端粒酶RNA检测提供了一种高灵敏、高特异性且无需标记的荧光新途径.     

基于目标物诱导置换及纳米金催化的新型荧光技术检测腺苷

在一定条件下, 磁性纳米颗粒上修饰的腺苷核酸适体与纳米金标记的核酸探针杂交; 再加入目标物腺苷诱导适体构象变换, 并置换出金标探针; 经磁场分离后, 游离的金标探针进一步用于催化抗坏血酸还原铜离子, 使铜离子对钙黄绿素的荧光猝灭得到抑制. 由于极少量的纳米金能够催化大量铜离子还原并沉积在其表面, 铜离子浓度急剧降低, 从而改变钙黄绿素的荧光信号. 实验结果表明, 腺苷的动力学响应浓度范围为100 pmol/L~10 nmol/L, 检出限低至80 pmol/L. 核酸适体的高度特异识别性能保证了该方法具有良好的选择性.     

基于核酸外切酶Ⅲ诱导的双重信号放大与MoS2纳米片荧光碎灭性质的核酸检测方法

将核酸外切酶Ⅲ诱导的双重信号放大技术与MoS2纳米片的荧光猝灭性质结合,构建了一种高灵敏高选择性的DNA检测方法.首先设计两条末端修饰荧光基团的探针核酸(HP1和HP2).由于两条探针核酸具有3'粘性末端,使其不会被核酸外切酶Ⅲ降解,因而被吸附于MoS2纳米片而猝灭其荧光.当目标DNA存在时,会促使核酸外切酶Ⅲ启动双重信号放大反应,并将探针核酸降解成大量的不能吸附于MoS2纳米片表面的荧光碎片.在优化条件下,目标DNA浓度在0.5~6.0 pmol/L范围内与荧光信号变化呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.28 pmol/L.与单重信号放大技术相比,本方法极大改善了分析灵敏度和检出限,且具有良好的单碱基错配区分能力.     

液相表面增强拉曼光谱传感器的制备方法及其核酸检测的应用

本发明公开了液相表面增强拉曼光谱传感器的制备方法及其核酸检测的应用。该传感器包含检测基底和SERS探针两部分。检测基底为四面体DNA探针修饰的磁核枝杈状金壳纳米颗粒,SERS探针为表面修饰有能与目标核酸杂交的特定碱基序列和拉曼信号分子的金纳米颗粒。检测是,将检测基底、SERS探针与待检测液体样品混合,通过碱基互补配对形成"检测基底目标核酸SERS探针"夹心结构复合物,借助外加磁场分离检测液中的复合物并富集后进行SERS测试,利用SERS信号实现了对于血清中核酸的高灵敏、特异性检测,检测限达到f M,可实现在血清等复杂环境中检测核酸标志物。     

基于双酶切级联信号放大的核酸检测方法

利用茎环结构定位探针构建了一个基于双酶切反应的级联信号放大体系,并将其用于核酸的检测.在该体系中,茎环结构定位探针首先是内切酶Tth EndonucleaseⅣ的作用底物,被剪切后又作为定位探针介导切口酶Nt.Bst NBI对分子信标实施剪切,将这2步剪切反应结合起来可有效克服切口酶对于目标核酸中特定识别序列的依赖,同时进一步提高了检测灵敏度.实验结果表明,荧光信号与目标DNA浓度的对数值呈线性相关,响应范围为1 pmol/L～1 nmol/L,并且具有良好的识别单碱基变异的能力.此外,本方法序列设计简单,通用性强,仅改变定位探针的部分序列即可实现对不同目标DNA的检测.对掺杂于血清中的目标DNA的检测结果验证了本方法在实际样品检测中的应用潜力.     

基于纳米金探针和基因芯片的DNA检测新方法

运用荧光纳米金探针和基因芯片杂交建立一种新的DNA检测方法. 荧光纳米金探针表面标记有两种DNA探针: 一种为带有Cy5荧光分子的信号探针BP1, 起信号放大作用; 另一种为与靶DNA一部分互补的检测探针P532, 两种探针比例为5∶1. 当靶DNA存在时, 芯片上捕捉探针(与靶DNA的另一部分互补)通过碱基互补配对结合靶DNA, 将靶DNA固定于芯片上; 荧光纳米金探针通过检测探针与靶DNA及芯片结合, 在芯片上形成“三明治”复合结构, 最后通过检测信号探针上荧光分子的信号强度来确定靶DNA的量. 新方法检测灵敏度高, 可以检测浓度为1 pmol/L的靶DNA, 操作简单, 检测时间短. 通过改进纳米金探针的标记和优化杂交条件, 可进一步提高核酸检测的灵敏度, 这将在核酸检测方面具有重要的应用价值.     

发卡型万能传导在基于核酸分子线路的基因诊断中的应用和性能优化

核酸等温扩增技术作为核酸体外扩增技术,其反应过程始终维持在恒定温度下。与聚合酶链反应相比,核酸等温扩增反应具有优异的便携型,因而被视为最有望实现基因快检甚至即时快检的体外基因扩增方法。然而,由于反应过程中假阳性扩增频发、反应后对产物的检测方法缺乏特异性和灵敏度等缺点,限制了其在实际分析检测中的应用。通过构建发卡型结构万能中转探针,成功地将恒温扩增产物转到一套性能良好的已知核酸分子线路上;借助核酸分子线路的百倍放大性能和序列特异性,实现对上游基因序列信息的精准识别和放大信号输出。针对不同的待测序列,仅需改变发卡型中转探针的序列,即可实现对不同序列目标物的检测。基于中转探针的重要性,本研究对中转探针的设计原理和方法进行了重点阐述,提出并验证了一套行之有效的普适性设计规律,确保中转探针良好的中转效率(信噪比)。利用这一规律获得的中转探针,与核酸分子线路偶联,可成功为低至近单分子(20个拷贝)的模型基因提供显著荧光和电化学信号输出。     

采用纳米金和双链探针比色检测单碱基突变

将链置换的高度特异性与纳米金凝聚变色的光学特性相结合,设计了一种新型的单碱基突变比色检测方法。本方法直接采用纳米金作为比色报告基团,以两个末端均带有巯基的双链DNA为特异捕获探针,利用互补序列和单碱基突变序列对双链探针置换能力的差异,实现了对单碱基突变的检测。本检测方法直观、快速、简便、成本低,pmol级的样品无需仪器就可以观察到颜色的变化。     

Determination of primary biogenic amines in various food products using isocratic HPLC with 3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde as a new precolumn fluorogenic reagent

A simple HPLC approach has been successfully established for the sensitive determination of six biogenic amines (BAs) in food samples. The method involves derivatization with 3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde newly synthesized as a new fluorogenic reagent followed by LC isocratic elution mode. The optimization of both derivatization and separation conditions is carefully studied. Related analyses of the eluted compounds, in the presence of MeOH/THF/H(2)O (78:2.5:19.5 v/v/v) as a mobile phase containing 8 mM, pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution, have been carried out on a C(18) column. The LOD (S/N = 3) of 2.5 nM, RSD value from 1.0 to 5.1% in peak areas, and good response linearity (R(2) >0.9936) are provided with fluorescence detection at lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 480/545 nm. Obviously, recovery ranging from 95 to 107% in this method demonstrates its accuracy for determination of histamine, tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine in the storage fish sample. Thus, the present method could be developed to monitor BAs in fish, cucumber, and spinach samples.     

Development of HPLC and NACE methods for the simultaneous determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in sour snap beans containing oil

The practical methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of benzoic acid (BA) and sorbic acid (SA) in sour snap bean samples containing oil. BA and SA in the samples were extracted by ultrasonication with water, followed by cleanup procedures with precipitation for removing the potential proteins and with petroleum ether liquid-liquid extraction for removing the edible oil contained in the samples. The HPLC method was developed using Supelco C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) as column, MeOH-20 mM NH(4)Ac (25:75 v/v) at 1.0 mL/min as the mobile phase and 230 nm as the detection wavelength. The optimal NACE method was established with a running buffer of 20.0 mM NH(4)Ac in 95% MeOH (pH* 10.6), and an applied voltage of -30 kV over a capillary of 50 microm id x 48.5 cm (40 cm to the detector window), which gave a baseline separation of BA and SA, and as well as of the blank matrix within ca. 10 min. Both HPLC and NACE methods gave the relatively lower limits of quantification at about 0.01-0.02 and 0.04-0.05 mg/kg, respectively, whereas the overall recoveries were larger than 85.0%. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to measure 15 real sour bean samples and the content profile of BA and SA in sour bean samples was obtained and evaluated.     

聚集诱导发光分子/适配体/外切酶Ⅰ体系对可卡因的检测

目前非法药物的滥用已经成为全球性的公共安全卫生问题之一[1~3].其中可卡因作为一种全球禁用的非法药物,长期滥用会对人体造成许多不良的影响,如精神疾病、失眠、抑郁和暴力倾向等,甚至威胁生命,同时,吸食可卡因还会导致出现各种社会问题[4,5].因此实现对可卡因的快速检测成为打击毒品犯罪、维护社会稳定的关键.目前对于可卡因的检测主要采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)和液相色谱/质谱(LC/MS)等大型仪器.虽然能够实现对可卡因检测,但大多需要专业人员操作且耗时较长,因此开发一种简便、高效且可靠的可卡因检测方法成为研究的热点[6~8].其中,基于荧光探针的检测手段由于具有高效、灵敏及便捷等优势而备受关注,但传统的荧光探针面临聚集导致发光猝灭(ACQ)的难题[9,10],即这类分子在溶液中发光非常强,一旦聚集或在固体中发光显著减弱,非常不利于实际应用.     

Fractionation of chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants in several food samples by pyrenyl-silica liquid chromatography prior to GC-MS determination

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a column of 2-(1-pyrenyl) ethyldimethylsilylated silica was developed in this work in order to achieve satisfactory and reproducible fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from brominated flame retardants (BFRs) (polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs; and polybrominated biphenyls, PBBs). After the study of different chromatographic parameters (mobile phase composition and separation temperature were the most important) an isocratic elution with isooctane:toluene (98:2, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, a temperature of 45 °C, and UV-detection at 225 nm was selected for fractionation of PCBs (time region, 4.0-5.8 min) from PBDEs (5.8-9.0 min) and from PBBs (5.8-11.0 min). The applicability of this method to food samples was demonstrated by fractionating PCBs from PBDEs in three food samples (cheese, milk, and fish). Interferences from PCBs (present in real samples at much higher concentrations than PBDEs) were removed in this way. In addition, by analysing these samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with and without previous fractionation we were able to observe an improvement in detection sensitivity for PBDEs after HPLC fractionation.     

核酸修饰的金纳米粒子用于分光光度法检测卡那霉素

建立了一种基于核酸修饰的金纳米粒子(Au NPs)检测卡那霉素的方法。该方法利用卡那霉素与适配体的特异性结合,游离适配体的部分互补序列,诱导核酸修饰的Au NPs聚集。通过对实验条件进行优化,结果表明在25℃条件下,适配体与其部分互补序列杂交摩尔比为1:1,与目标卡那霉素的作用时间1 h,加入核酸修饰的Au NPs反应2 h时,该方法的线性检测范围为6.3~43.8 nmol/L,检测限为5.3 nmol/L。将该方法应用于牛奶样品中卡那霉素的检测,回收率在95.1%~104.6%之间。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定多种食品添加剂

 采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,一次进样、同时测定食品中的人工合成甜味剂 (糖精钠、安赛蜜、甜味素 )、防腐剂(苯甲酸、山梨酸 )、咖啡因、可可碱和茶碱。以AlltechEconosphereC18柱 (15 0mm× 4 6mmi.d .,3μm)为分离柱 ,10mmol/LNaH2 PO4 (pH 4 0 0 ) 乙腈 (体积比为 90∶10 )为流动相 ,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测。整个分离过程在 2 3min内完成。样品平均加标回收率为 78 5 %～ 10 7 2 %。     

增强化学发光酶免疫法对猪肉中盐酸克伦特罗的检测

建立了猪肉中克伦特罗(CLB)的直接竞争化学发光酶免疫检测(dc-CLEIA)方法。通过优化离子强度、pH值确立了化学发光酶免疫法的标准曲线,优化后dc-CLEIA的检出限可达0.02μg/L。猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗用高氯酸提取、SPE净化后绘制基质曲线,基质曲线与标准曲线吻合,说明基质影响基本消除。测定0.10、1.0、5.0μg/kg 3个水平的添加回收率,平均回收率为83%~98%,批内与批间的相对标准偏差均小于15%。进一步研究了dc-CLEIA与HPLC两种方法测定猪肉样品的相关性,结果显示两者测定结果相关性良好,r=0.964 7,说明所建立的直接化学发光酶免疫方法可用于实际样品的检测,结果准确可靠。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱检测鱼肉中的七种生物胺

建立了一种利用胶束电动毛细管色谱同时检测鱼肉中组胺、腐胺、2-苯乙基胺、尸胺、色胺、亚精胺及精胺7种生物胺的方法。样品经6%过氯酸萃取后,由苯甲酰氯衍生化,以含0.06 mol/L脱氧胆酸钠的0.02 mol/L硼酸(pH 9.2)-甲醇(体积比为95∶5)混合液为电泳介质,电泳电压25 kV,温度25 ℃,检测波长214 nm,在12 min内实现了7种生物胺的完全分离。7种生物胺的浓度与其峰面积在一定的范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限除组胺为15 μg/g外,其余均为5 μg/g。迁移时间和峰面积的日内、日间相对标准偏差均小于5%。该法用于海鱼中7种胺类物质含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

High performance liquid chromatography determination of cyanide in urine by pre-column fluorescence derivatization

A method for the determination of cyanide in human urine has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of cyanide with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde and taurine to give a fluorescent product for reversed-phase HPLC separation and fluorometric detection. After centrifugation followed by dilution of urine samples, the specimens could be analysed directly by this method. The recovery of cyanide added to urine at concentration levels of 50-1000 pmol/mL was 85-96%. The detection limit of cyanide was 30 pmol/mL in urine. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine from smokers and nonsmokers. The mean concentrations of cyanide were found to be 215 pmol/mL for the former and 84 pmol/mL for the latter.     

Simultaneous Determination of Eight Typical Biogenic Amines by CZE with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection

A novel method has been developed for simultaneous determination of eight typical biogenic amines (BAs) based on CZE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CZE–C⁴D). On-column C⁴D was used for direct quantification of these nonUV-absorbing amine compounds without derivatization. The effects of various experimental factors on separation and detection were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, spermine, spermidine, histamine, putrescine, cadaver, β-phenylethylamine, tyramine, and tryptamine can be well separated within 24 min at the separation voltage of 16 kV in 150 mmol L^?1 18-crown-6/500 mmol L^?1 acetic acid running buffer, and the excitation voltage and frequency of C⁴D were 60 V and 550 kHz, respectively. A good linear relationship could be obtained between the peak area and the concentration of each BA at three orders of magnitude; the limits of detection were in the range of 44.3–149 ng mL^?1. This proposed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of BAs in water and hard liquor samples.