共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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蛋白质组学研究在生物学、精准医学等方面发挥着重要的作用。然而研究面临的巨大挑战来自生物样品的复杂性,因此在质谱(MS)鉴定技术不断革新的同时,发展分离技术以降低样品复杂度尤为重要。毛细管电泳(CE)技术具有上样体积小、分离效率高、分离速度快等优势,其与质谱的联用在蛋白质组学研究中越来越受到关注。低流速鞘流液和无鞘流液接口的发展及商品化推动了CE-MS技术的发展。目前毛细管区带电泳(CZE)、毛细管等电聚焦(CIEF)、毛细管电色谱(CEC)等分离模式已与质谱联用,其中CZE-MS应用最广泛。目前被广泛采用的蛋白质组学研究策略主要是基于酶解肽段分离鉴定的"自下而上(bottom-up)"策略。首先,CE-MS技术对酶解肽段的检测灵敏度高达1 zmol,已成功应用于单细胞蛋白质组学;其次,毛细管电泳技术与反相液相色谱互补,为疏水性质相近的肽段(尤其是翻译后修饰肽段)的分离鉴定提供了新的途径。基于整体蛋白质分离鉴定的自上而下"top-down"策略可以直接获得更精准、更完整的蛋白质信息。CE技术在蛋白质大分子的分离方面具有分离效率高、回收率高的优势,其与质谱的联用提高了整体蛋白质的鉴定灵敏度和覆盖度。非变性质谱(native MS)是一种在近生理条件下从完整蛋白质复合物水平上进行分析的质谱技术。CE与非变性质谱联用已被尝试用于蛋白质复合体的分离鉴定。该文引用了与CE-MS和蛋白质组学应用相关的93篇文献,综述了以上介绍的CE-MS的研究进展以及在蛋白质组学分析中的应用优势,并总结和展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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在现代分离科学中,手性化合物的分离分析一直是研究的重点和难点。相比于高效液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱(GC)等传统色谱分析方法,毛细管电泳(CE)技术凭借其高效率、低消耗、分离模式多样化等诸多优势,已经发展成为手性分离研究领域最有应用前景的分析方法之一。近年来,研究人员在CE手性分析方法的构建过程中,基于毛细管电动色谱(EKC)、配体交换毛细管电泳(LECE)、毛细管电色谱(CEC)等各种基础电泳模式,不断地对传统手性分离体系进行优化和改造,构建出了许多高性能的新型手性CE分离体系。如利用各类功能化离子液体以"手性离子液体协同拆分""手性离子液体配体交换""离子液体手性选择剂"等模式设计出多种基于离子液体的CE手性分离体系;利用纳米材料独特的尺寸效应、多样性、可设计性等特点,直接或与传统手性选择剂有机结合构建CE手性分离体系。此外,金属有机骨架材料修饰、低共熔溶剂修饰、非连续分段式部分填充等各式新颖的CE手性分离体系也都被研究人员成功开发,并表现出较大的发展潜力。该综述将对近年来(尤其是2015~2019年)此类新型CE手性分离体系的发展状况进行梳理,并结合相应的手性识别机理研究和手性CE方法实际应用情况,对该领域存在的问题及发展前景进行分析和展望。 相似文献
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近年来,毛细管电泳(CE) 手性分离方法的研究主要集中在各种手性添加剂与对映体药物的匹配及实验条件的最优化选择上.目前,较为成熟的CE分离模式有:区带电泳(CZE)、凝胶电泳(CGE)、等速电泳(CITP)、胶束电动色谱(MEKC)和非水电泳(NACE)等,并已成功地用于手性化合物对映体的分离.CE手性分离研究正朝着新型手性选择剂的研制和实现与其他各种定性分析仪器及其他色谱分离模式的联用方向发展. 相似文献
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采用直链淀粉-三(5-氯-2-甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相(CSP),以0.1%二乙胺正己烷和0.1%二乙胺乙醇为流动相梯度洗脱,以舒必利、阿米舒必利和莫沙必利为目标物,利用高效液相色谱法研究了这3种苯甲酰胺类药物的手性色谱分离行为。分别考察了流动相组成、添加剂及柱温对3种药物对映体分离的影响,从热力学和结构上探讨了色谱拆分的机理。结果表明: 在优化的色谱条件下,舒必利、阿米舒必利和莫沙必利对映体的分离度Rs>1.5;计算了3种药物对映体的色谱保留因子k和分离因子α,以及与CSP相互作用的热力学函数,其相互作用大小依次为舒必利>阿米舒必利>莫沙必利。已将该方法成功地应用于上述3种药物片剂和血清中其对映体的测定,方法简便、准确、可靠。 相似文献
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Several chiral drugs are produced and administered as pure enantiomers, whereas many others, especially of synthetic origin, are used mainly in the form of racemates. The biological and pharmacological activity of chiral compounds depends on their configuration. The racemic drugs may exhibit quite different activity from the optically pure drugs. Often only one of the enantiomers is pharmacologically active and/or even can be toxic. Since numerous enantiomers have been shown to behave differently from at least one point of view, whether pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, toxicological or interaction, there seems to be hardly any exception to the general rule that a racemate cannot be considered as a single drug entity. A variety of chromatographic methods have been developed for optical resolution recently. Usually direct separation of the enantiomers is carried out on HPTLC chiral precoated plates or on plates impregnated with chiral substances. TLC techniques are a developing branch of separation and quantitation of drugs, both in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological material. This review presents an overview of the current successful enantioseparations of drugs by TLC and their potential in the analysis of the drug racemates. 相似文献
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Antibodies as Tailor-Made Chiral Selectors: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Enantiomer Separation and Detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It has long been known that the configurational isomers of biologically active compounds, e.g., nutrients, pesticides, and drugs, may exhibit different activities in a chiral environment such as the human body. Although the majority of drugs presently in development are chiral, analytical and preparative methods for the quantitative determination and purification of stereoisomers still lag behind. One reason is that commonly used chiral selectors for the direct resolution of enantiomers are not tailor-made for a specific analyte. The identification of suitable selectors for a particular pair of enantiomers still requires considerable experimentation and is generally demanding with regard to material, time and labor. The rational design of chiral host molecules, therefore, represents a challenge in facilitating enantiomer analysis. In this article, we describe how a combination of techniques ranging from organic synthesis to molecular biology yields antibodies of predetermined specificity and stereoselectivity that can be used as tailor-made chiral selectors for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers and their sensitive detection in immunosensors. 相似文献
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With the development of methods for obtaining chiral compounds as potential drugs, there is also need to develop analytical methods for the separation of both enantiomers. Keeping in mind that the physical and chemical properties of both enantiomers are identical, their different nature will only be revealed in a chiral environment that is appropriately designed. Physicochemical systems can be used to predict the differences in biological activity of both enantiomers. The complexity of the problem requires the use of additional tools, which are various chemometric methods. This paper reviews the application of chemometry in the analysis of chiral drugs and discusses the effects of a combination of chromatographic, electrophoretic, and spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and near-IR spectroscopy aided by cyclodextrin inclusion complexes) with chemometrics for improving the methods of enantioseparation (experimental design), explaining the mechanisms of behavior and chiral recognition (quantitative structure-enantioselective retention relationships) and indicating chiral purity (enantiomeric excess). 相似文献
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基于非手性离子液体的毛细管电泳法拆分3种手性药物 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
建立了以非手性离子液体1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯([BMIM]Cl)为手性分离的添加剂、β-环糊精作为手性选择剂的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分离扑尔敏、氯霉素前体和氧氟沙星3种对映体的方法,并与未添加[BMIM]Cl的CZE分离情况进行了对比研究。发现[BMIM]Cl对手性药物的拆分有协同作用,不仅能够增加对映体的分离度,还能有效地抑制毛细管内壁对样品分子的吸附作用,改善峰形。采用离子液体辅助手性选择剂(尤其是环糊精)的CZE改进方法,为其他毛细管电泳难以分离的手性药物的分离分析提供了新的方法。 相似文献
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采用纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(CTMB)手性固定相,利用反相色谱法研究了氟比洛芬、普拉洛芬、布洛芬、萘普生、洛索洛芬5种芳基丙酸类手性药物的色谱拆分行为。考察了流动相组成、酸碱添加剂及柱温对上述5种药物对映体分离的影响,并通过热力学研究及对映体结构分析对CTMB固定相的手性拆分机理进行了探讨。结果表明,除萘普生采用乙腈-0.1%(v/v)甲酸溶液外,以甲醇-0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相可使普拉洛芬、洛索洛芬、氟比洛芬和布洛芬的对映体间的分离度均大于1.5,CTMB固定相对这5种芳基丙酸类药物的手性拆分能力依次为普拉洛芬>洛索洛芬>氟比洛芬>布洛芬>萘普生。在各自的优化色谱条件下,将方法应用于上述5种药物制剂的含量测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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Chiral separation that is closely related to daily life is a meaningful research. Polysaccharide-(e.g., cellulose, amylose derivatives) based chiral packing materials afford powerful chiral stationary phases(CSPs) toward a broad range of racemic compounds. However, considering the explosive growth of specific chiral drugs, the separation efficiencies of these CSPs need further improvement, which calls for new approaches and strategies. Smart polymers can change their physical or chemical properties dynamically and reversibly according to the external stimuli(e.g., thermo-, pH, solvent, ion, light, critical parameters for chromatographic separation) exerted on them, subsequently resulting in tunable changes in the macroscopic properties of materials. In addition to their excellent controllability, the introduction of chiral characteristics into the backbones or side-chains of smart polymers provides a promising route to realize reversibly conformational transition in response to the chiral analytes. This dramatic transition may significantly improve the performance of materials in chiral separation through modulating the enantioselective interactions between materials and analytes. With the help of chirality-responsive polymers, intelligent and switchable CSPs could be developed and applied in column-liquid chromatography. In these systems, the elution order or enantioselectivity of chiral drugs can be precisely modulated, which will help to solve many challenging problems that involve complicated enantiomers. In this paper we introduce some typical examples of smart polymers that serve as the basis for a discussion of emerging developments of CPSs, and then briefly outline the recent CSPs based on natural and certain synthetic polymers. 相似文献