广义互相关电晕放电辐射信号时延估计方法

电晕放电等辐射源定位多采用基于时延估计的时差定位方法实现的,在现场条件下,各种背景噪声和干扰对时延估计精度造成影响。在分析国内外研究动态的基础上,针对基本互相关时延估计存在的分辨率低、稳健性不高等局限性,研究基于广义互相关的时延估计算法,并且通过采用不同的权值函数进行仿真比较和实验验证,寻找适用于电晕放电辐射信号时延估计的方法。研究表明：基于Hassab-Boucher (HB)加权的广义互相关时延估计方法对实际测试环境中存在的周期性干扰具有较好的抑制效果,时延估计误差达4.5%,精度较高,在实际的工程应用中用于对电晕放电信号进行时延估计和远距离定位是可行的。     

一种改进的非整数自适应时延估计方法*

针对基于时延估计的机电设备故障声定位中的低信噪比和脉冲噪声情况,用α稳定分布建模噪声,改进了非整数自适应时延估计方法。共变相关法对观测序列进行时延估计粗测,将得到的估计值作为非整数自适应时延估计器的初值;将共变相关法中共变序列作为时延估计器的输入信号,在最小平均p范数准则下迭代得到非整数时延估计值。共变序列保留了原始序列间的时延信息,削弱了不相关的噪声。计算机仿真对比实验验证了改进的方法在脉冲环境和低信噪比条件下有更好的性能。     

利用深海回声多途结构匹配估计目标深度EI北大核心CSCD

提出一种利用深海目标回声多途亮点簇时延和幅度结构匹配估计目标深度的方法。目标回声结构是双程信道传递函数和目标声散射函数的卷积,在深海近海面或近海底条件下表现出回声亮点簇的特性,且亮点簇时延幅度结构与目标深度相关,可用于估计目标深度。建立了在深度-距离网格上利用非线性规划代价函数对目标深度进行匹配估计的方法。分别对簇间时延偏差和海水声速剖面(SVP)偏差对匹配估计的影响进行了仿真分析。一次南海冬季试验结果显示,在水深1 km、距离5~8 km条件下,水下40 m处的目标回声呈现出3个时延间隔约0.3 s的亮点簇结构,将其用于目标深度匹配估计的误差范围在0~65 m。     

采用时序多谱段信号分析的空间目标运动状态辨识EI北大核心CSCD

为表征在轨卫星的自旋稳定、三轴稳定和"翻滚"三种运动状态,提出了一种基于可见光时序多谱段信号分析的目标运动状态辨识方法,分析了目标运动状态与观测星探测视场内时变的目标表面材料间的对应关系,以及材料属性/种类与时序双色比聚类信息之间的关联性。提出了基于时序双色比特征高斯混合聚类的目标表面材料种类判别算法以及目标运动状态辨识算法。综合考虑卫星的背景特性、材料特性、结构特性、轨道特性,对三种运动状态卫星的多谱段信号进行了数学仿真,对目标运动状态辨识算法进行了验证,证明了所提出算法的有效性。     

一种单频水声信号多径时延估计算法

提出一种针对单频水声信号的多径时延估计算法,通过采用频域加权并结合进化规划算法解决代价函数强烈振荡下的高效全局优化。算法引入多径径数建立由多径时延、幅度系数及径数组成的水声信道多径参数模型,在采用频域加权预白化进行非线性最小二乘代价函数解耦处理的基础上,结合进化规划算法进行非线性参数解空间的高效全局寻优,从而实现多径时延的高分辨率估计。利用仿真数据和海上实验数据进行的实验表明,本算法具有较高的多径时延估计精度并可同时实现多径径数的估计。     

多层多孔锂离子电池结构的导波频散特征及其应用EI北大核心CSCD

采用状态矩阵与勒让德级数联合法,同步联立Biot理论,构建多层多孔锂离子电池声传播特性理论模型,以厚1.9 mm软包钴酸锂电池为例,数值分析了荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)对多模态频散曲线的影响规律。同时,建立了电池中的声传播特性频域仿真模型,提取频域仿真中的超声导波频散曲线。此外,以体积小、柔性强的压电纤维复合材料(Macro Fiber Composite,MFC)为基础,实验探究了不同SOC对锂离子电池中声学行为的影响。采用互相关分析获取电池放电过程中声波渡越时间的偏移规律,建立了1.9 mm软包钴酸锂电池的声学波动行为与电池SOC间的映射关系。     

Estimation of time delay by coherence analysis

Using coherence analysis (which is an extensively used method to study the correlations in frequency domain, between two simultaneously measured signals) we estimate the time delay between two signals. This method is suitable for time delay estimation of narrow band coherence signals for which the conventional methods cannot be reliably applied. We show, by analysing coupled Rössler attractors with a known delay, that the method yields satisfactory results. Then, we apply this method to human pathologic tremor. The delay between simultaneously measured traces of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data of subjects with essential hand tremor is calculated. We find that there is a delay of 11–27 milli-seconds (ms) between the tremor correlated parts (cortex) of the brain (EEG) and the trembling hand (EMG) which is in agreement with the experimentally observed delay value of 15 ms for the cortico-muscular conduction time. By surrogate analysis we calculate error bars of the estimated delay.     

Multipath time delay estimation of underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals

To overcome the performance limitation of multipath time-delay estimation posed by underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals, an approach incorporating the frequency-domain weighting of the highly oscillatory Nonlinear Least Squares （NLS） cost function with the evolu- tionary optimization was proposed to facilitate the accurate estimation of the multipath timedelay of sinusoidal signals. In the described method, the number of the effective multipath signals, which is included into the parameter model as well as the multipath time-delay and amplitude factor, can be estimated simultaneously thus avoiding the requirement of additional computation. The experimental results performed with numerical simulation and sea-trial data are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness and precision enhancement of the proposed algorithm.     

基于expectation maximization算法的Mamdani-Larsen模糊系统及其在时间序列预测中的应用

Epanechnikov混合模型和Mamdani-Larsen模糊系统之间的对应关系被建立:任何一个Epanechnikov混合模型都唯一对应着一个Mamdani-Larsen模糊系统,在一定条件下,Epanechnikov混合模型的条件均值和Mamdani-Larsen模糊模型的输出是等价的.一个设计模糊系统的新方法被提出,即利用expectation maximization算法设计模糊系统.将设计的模糊系统应用于时间序列预测,仿真结果表明：利用EM算法设计的模糊系统比其他模糊系统精度更高,抗噪性更强 关键词： expectation maximization(EM)算法 Mamdani-Larsen模糊系统 Epanechnikov混合模型 混沌时间序列     

Pattern──时延差编码水声通信研究

研究了沿水平方向的高速数字水声通信技术,称之为Pattern──时延差编码水声通信系统(PDS)。PDS系统是为改善浅海中的通信质量,通过进行PDS水声通信的计算机仿真和湖上试验表明,在2kHz带宽内通信速率可达到300bit/s,误码率在10^-4的量级。详细介绍有关PDS技术,包括PDS编码原理,通信模型,时延估计,抗多途干扰,PDS通信系统仿真及试验结果。     

虚拟时间反转水声信号检测

针对目标辐射声信号特性未知的情况,在不增加额外水声换能器的条件下,研究提高水听器阵列对水声信号检测性能的方法。首先,按照经典二元检测问题处理方法分析了常规能量检测方法的性能,在此基础上,根据虚拟时间反转处理原理,对处理后的信号构建检测统计量,推导得到了虚拟时间反转检测方法的理论门限和检测性能的表达式,并通过与常规能量检测的对比分析了虚拟时间反转检测的处理增益。使用计算机仿真实验从声源频率、接收阵列阵元数、目标距离与深度等方面分析了两种方法的检测性能。结果表明,所提出的算法相对于常规能量检测算法在性能上有显著优势,且接收阵元数是对算法性能影响最为明显的因素。     

基于遗传算法的超声信号LMS自适应时延估计

为了克服ＬＭＳ自适应时延估计（ＬＭＳＴＤＥ）算法计算量大的问题,引进遗传算法进行ＬＭＳＴＤＥ的寻优规划,并采取了克服过早收敛的措施。对超声信号进行时延估计的实验表明,该方法大大减少了计算量,并有较高的时延估计精度。     

Evaluating acoustic properties of enclosures by real time digital signal processing

A digital system for evaluating the acoustic properties of enclosures is described. By using an impulsive sound source, the system can display the build up or decay processes of a room from the results of a single experiment, by an approach based on the integrated impulse method. The system can also display the slope of the decay curve based on the first 10 dB of the decay process. By introducing such a system, one can avoid the need for digital computers for this purpose.     

基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法

目前语音信号的时延估计研究,大部分采用的是广义互相关算法。然而,广义互相关时延估计算法易受噪声和混响环境影响。为此,本文提出了一种基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法,该算法对语音信号进行二次互相关运算,并结合Hilbert变换,对二次互相关峰值进行进一步的锐化处理,使得反映时延的峰值点检测更为准确。实验结果表明,改进的时延估计方法在非平稳的语音信号中能够有效地抑制噪声干扰,且在不同混响条件下时延估计具有更好的性能。     

On the delay time of the total signal from a set of transmitters

The time dependence of the total signal from a group of closely spaced acoustic or electromagnetic transmitters radiating the same (up to an amplitude factor) signals is considered. If the duration of the partial signal is sufficiently long, the time dependence of the signal from the set of transmitters turns out to be close to that of the signal from a single transmitter up to a delay time. This delay does not necessarily coincide with the time it takes for an optical (or acoustic) signal to pass from the transmitters to the observation point. At different points of the space, this delay time may exceed, or be shorter than, the light (sound) delay time and also may be positive or negative. This follows from the backward or forward extrapolation of the time dependence of the signal when variously delayed and attenuated copies of the same signal that are produced by different transmitters are added up (i.e., interfere). One result of such an extrapolation, which arises upon transmitting a signal with its leading or trailing edge cut off, is the reconstruction of its time dependence, i.e., the detection of the nontransmitted part of the signal.     

A time domain correction method for Doppler-distortion signal from acoustic moving source

Doppler effect widely exists in the signal from the moving acoustic source. In order to solve such problems as frequency shift and frequency band expansion, a time domain cor- rection method is presented in this paper. First, the discrete time vector for interpolation and the amplitude restoration formula is derived based on the moving relationship and the Morse acoustic theory, then the amplitude weights are corrected and the distortion signal is interpolated. Every point of the discrete signal is operated separately in time domain. Compared with the existing frequency domain methods, this method does not need to know the characteristic frequency beforehand and would not be influenced by the blending of the frequency band. Hence, this method can be employed to correct multiple frequency signals and it is also a simple and effective Doppler effect reduction method.