sinc函数加权圆弧形恒定束宽阵列*

加权函数对于圆弧形恒定束宽阵列的性能至关重要,因此分析了圆弧形恒定束宽阵列的加权函数的特性,并提出了sinc函数加权方法。分别对窄覆盖sinc函数加权阵列和宽覆盖sinc函数加权阵列的波束特性进行数值分析,验证其恒定束宽的波束特性。结果表明,sinc函数加权阵列在工作频率范围内产生近似不随频率变化的波束。此外,还与多种已有的圆弧形恒定束宽阵列进行对比分析,包括Legendre函数加权阵列、余弦函数加权阵列、Chebyshev多项式加权阵列等。结果表明,相较于已有的阵列,sinc函数加权阵列具有更低的低频截止频率,因而对应更大的工作频率范围。     

优化扬声器阵列的指向性与声功率级

提出了同时优化扬声器阵列的指向性和声功率级的方法。运用该方法可以优化扬声器阵列的输入电压分布,获得指向性和声功率级二者兼顾的扬声器阵列。本方法不必使用复杂的与频率相关的信号处理装置。模拟结果和实验测量结果表明该方法是可行的和有效的。     

阵列波导光栅设计原理及优化

本文从波导光学和衍射光学理论出发,推导出阵列波导光栅(Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings)型波分复用器的重要结构参量;针对其性能参量,提出了一些优化设计方法.     

时域宽带恒定束宽波束形成的实验研究

由于实际水声系统中的阵列模型往往与理想阵列模型失配,导致基于理想阵列模型设计的时域恒定束宽波束形成器所形成的波束图在实际应用中严重畸变,从而不能有效地抑制旁瓣干扰和无失真地接收宽带信号。本文利用水池实验说明阵列模型失配对基于理想阵列模型设计的时域恒定束宽波束形成器的影响,并提出一种有效的设计方法以减小这种影响,即通过实际测量,获得包含失配信息在内的实际阵列模型,并将该模型应用到时域恒定束宽波束器的设计当中。实验结果表明,基于实际阵列模型的设计可以有效地减小由于阵列模型失配带来的影响,这对设计实际系统可以使用的时域恒定束宽波束形成器具有重要的意义。     

阵列波导光栅设计原及优化

本文从波导光学和衍射光学理论出发，推导出阵列波导光栅（Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings）型波分复用器的重要结构参量；针对其性能参量，提出了一些优化设计方法。     

聚合物/二氧化硅混合型无热化阵列波导光栅参量的优化

研究一种新型无热化聚合物/二氧化硅混合波导组成的硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅.阵列波导光栅对温度的依赖性受波导物质的折射率和波导芯的尺寸影响.通过调节这些参量就可以减小温度对阵列波导光栅的影响.优化得到混合型阵列波导光栅在温度20~70℃范围内波谱漂移小于常规型 AWG结构的5%.     

定向耦合器光波导开关阵列研究

在Z-LiN_bO₃衬底上制做了Ti扩散定向耦合电光开关阵列。把光纤固定在我们自己设计的衬底上,就做成了2×2开关。 本文讨论了三种光电开关。着重论述了Ti扩散定向耦合器的原理和交替Δβ法。在1.3μm的光波下改善了器件特性。     

多波导阵列耦合研究

提出了一种求解波导阵列耦合特性的方法.采用拉普拉斯变换,将同时考虑相邻和次相邻波导耦合作用的波导阵列耦合模方程组变为一个线性方程组,利用矩阵的LU分解法(将系数矩阵分解为单位下三角阵L与上三角阵U的乘积)求出该线性方程组的解.然后根据给定的初始条件进行拉普拉斯变换反演,求出耦合模方程组的解.采用该方法研究了五波导阵列,光从中间一个波导入射和从五个波导入射时的耦合特性,给出了每个波导中光功率变化规律曲线,并将所得结果与同样条件下仅考虑相邻波导耦合的结果做了比较.采用该方法可以求出任意数目波导组成的阵列,考虑任意波导之间耦合的耦合模方程组的解.     

激发圆形管道内多阶声模态的扬声器阵列控制方法

声模态发生器是通过控制扬声器阵列在管道内激发声模态波的一种装置。为了解决在管道内同时激发多个声模态的问题,研究了激发圆形管道内多阶声模态的扬声器阵列控制方法。采用轴向多圈布置的声源阵列,并调节各个声源的幅值和相位,实现同时激发包括径向声模态在内的多个声模态。同时考虑声源的周向位置和轴向位置信息,建立各个声源与多个目标模态系数之间的线性关系,运用最小二乘法求解得到激发目标多模态所需各个声源的复强度（包括幅值和相位）,所研制的高阶模态发生器以计算的声源复强度为输入量,采用数字信号系统控制扬声器输出的幅值和相位,用于实现管道内声源激发,该模态激发过程无需针对特定模态优化声源的位置。实验结果表明,所研制的模态发生器可精确激发单个或多个声模态,且目标模态系数信噪比几乎都大于10 dB。     

一种温度不敏感型阵列波导光栅的研究

研究了的一种新型温度不敏感型阵列波导光栅(AWG)。该新型温度不敏感型阵列波导光栅的波导采用混合材料的波导结构，该混合材料波导通过在石英波导芯层上旋涂聚合物材料的上包层，达到改变波导温度特性的目的，使得阵列波导光栅的温度敏感性降低。通过理论分析和有限差分方法研究了其中两种结构：三层混合材料波导构成的阵列波导光栅和四层混合材料波导构成的阵列波导光栅，计算了该新型温度不敏感型阵列波导光栅的温度特性。结果表明，在一定的设计下，温度变化0～50℃时，这两种温度不敏感型阵列波导光栅的最大波长漂移量小于0．03nm，不到无温度控制时常规阵列波导光栅最大波长漂移量的4％。     

Waveguide tapering for beam-width control in a waveguide transducer

In a waveguide transducer that transmits an ultrasonic wave through a waveguide unit to a test structure, it is most preferred to send a non-dispersive ultrasonic wave of a narrow beam width. However, there is an unresolved conflict between the generation of the non- or less-dispersive wave and the transmission of a narrow-beam wave into a test structure. Among others, the thickness of the waveguide unit in a waveguide transducer is the key variable determining these two conflicting criteria, but the use of a uniformly-thick waveguide of any thickness cannot fulfill the two conflicting criteria simultaneously. In this study, we propose a specially-engineered tapered waveguide unit for the simultaneous satisfaction. An excitation unit is installed at the end of the thin region of the tapered waveguide and generates only the lowest non-dispersive shear-horizontal wave. Then the generated wave propagates through the tapered region of the waveguide unit and reaches the thick region of the waveguide with insignificant mode conversion to higher modes. If the tapered waveguide is used, the surviving lowest mode in the thick region of the waveguide is shown to carry most of the transmitted power and is finally propagated into a test structure. Because the beam size of the propagated wave and the thickness of the contacting waveguide region are inversely related, the thick contacting region of the tapered waveguide ensures narrow beam width. Numerical and experimental investigations were performed to check the effectiveness of the proposed waveguide-tapering approach.     

A broad-band constant beam-width array with four elements

This paper describes in detail an acoustical array structure with fourelements that have cosine directivity function over a certain frequency range.The acoustical axis directions of these elements are orthogonal to each other,sotheir beams cover all bearing angles within 360°.By use of the amplitude bear-ing method,it is easy to detect the bearing of incident acoustic signal.A specialsound reflection foam rubber is designed as a back baffle of the array.It hasbeen shown,in practice,that the constant beam-width has been obtained for amultiple frequency band of the ratio of 8:1.The paper also gives a mathematicalmodel for the array structure.The theoretical values are consistent with themeasured results.     

Acoustic imaging using a volumetric array

A method is described for producing images of acoustic sources using a volumetric array. Theoretical results are presented and compared to those obtained experimentally from an acoustic 64 element random spherical volumetric array. Application areas for such a system include auditorium characterisation, recording studio optimisation and covert surveillance operations.     

一种用于大坝混凝土声层析成像用水听器线阵

声层析成像技术可以用图像的方式精确完整地反映层析面上检测体内部质量,是一种有效的无损检测手段。在大坝混凝土的安全隐患检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用,本研究旨在研制成像用的接收声波的水听器线阵,水听器线阵由12个水听器阵元组成,阵元间隔2m,水听器由直径40mm的接收型压电园管和前置放大器组成,水听器在低于20kHz的频率范围内,自由场接收电压灵敏度为-173±-3dB,在2MPa静水压力下灵敏度下降不超过2dB。制作了二例了具有清晰接收波形、一致性和可靠性好的水听器线阵,最终为客户在现场实地获得了高质量的层析图像。     

Application of different spatial sampling patterns for sparse array transducer design

In the last few years, the efforts of many researchers have been focused on developing 3D real-time scanners. The use of 2D phased-array transducers makes it possible to steer the ultrasonic beam in all directions in the scanned volume. An unacceptably large amount of transducer channels (more than 4,000) must be used, if the conventional phased array transducers are extrapolated to the 2D case. To decrease the number of channels, sparse arrays with different aperture apodization functions in transmit and receive apertures have to be designed. The design is usually carried out in 1D, and then transferred to a 2D rectangular grid. In this paper, five different 2D array transducers have been considered and their performance was compared with respect to spatial and contrast resolution. An optimization of the element placement along the diagonals using vernier arrays is suggested. The simulation results of the ultrasound fields show a decrease in the grating-lobe level of 10 dB for the diagonally optimized 2D array transducers compared to the previously designed 2D arrays which did not consider the diagonals.     

All-optical active components for dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides

Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) provide a very efficient means to localize and guide optical signal, which makes them a promising candidate for the construction of highly-integrated photonic circuits. Here, we present full 3D numerical modelling of highly efficient and compact all-optical active DLSPPW components to achieve a fully functioning active photonic circuit.     

基于倾斜阵的距离与方位联合估计*

针对阵列倾斜引起的阵不变量方法定位精度下降的问题,该文结合倾斜阵声源定位的三维模型提出一种基于倾斜阵的距离与方位联合估计算法。该算法通过联合自校正方位距离联合估计方法对阵列倾角在声源-接收平面的投影量进行估计和补偿,改善目标距离估计误差的同时,利用匹配出的阵列倾角投影量反向估计目标方位,获得对声源二维位置的估计。通过仿真验证了该算法能够在阵列倾角较小时实现目标方位与距离的联合估计。     

面向目标的定向声辐射技术及其应用研究

面向目标的定向声辐射是指利用声源特性和阵列信号处理技术,将声波传送至目标方向或区域的声场控制方法。本文介绍了定向声辐射技术的原理和进展,重点阐述了普通扬声器阵列和参量阵扬声器这两种声源形式的理论、算法和应用研究。其中,针对扬声器阵列,主要分析了基于声能量对比度控制的声聚焦技术;针对参量阵扬声器,综述了利用非线性效应产生高指向性可听声的计算方法、信号预处理和应用等进展。面向目标的定向声辐射技术的研究对实现智能声场控制有着重要意义。     

Acoustic array tracking performance under moderately complex environmental conditions

The direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking performance of microphone arrays having aperture sizes ranging from 0.3 to 34 m is examined for an experiment involving a vehicle traversing a moderately complex terrain. A segment of the vehicle’s path was obscured behind a small, 6.7-m high, vegetated hill. The combination of the hill and upwind propagation created an acoustic shadow during this segment. DOA tracks were estimated with a minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer operating in two frequency bands: 25-60 Hz and 60-105 Hz. In the lower frequency band, array sizes between 1 and 8 m gave the best results, with DOA errors between 2° and 5°. Furthermore, in this band shadowing from the hill and wind refraction had a minimal affect on DOA error. In the higher frequency band, the acoustic shadow zone produced a distinct interval of high DOA error, with the 8-m array giving the best overall performance. Modeling of the beamforming process shows that high DOA errors corresponded to MVDR wavenumber patterns that are degraded by distortions to the propagating wavefronts. Our experimental results indicate that small acoustic arrays with apertures less than 0.3 m, operating at frequencies above 100 Hz, should be considered line of sight sensors. Given the moderate complexity of the test conditions, it is anticipated that the observed effects are likely to be present in most attempts to localize outdoor sound sources.