一种基于旋转调谐的超材料

数值仿真研究了一种可调谐的双开口谐振环(DSRR)超材料.在平行入射的电磁波激励下,这种DSRR单元可以在不同的频段分别表现出磁谐振和电谐振.当外加电场E与DSRR的双开口平行时,DSRR受激励得到的磁谐振和电谐振强度最大.随着DSRR超材料沿外加磁场H方向顺时针旋转,其磁谐振和电谐振频率基本保持不变,但谐振强度均发生显著下降,同时对应透射相位的突变也逐渐降低.提出的超材料调谐方法只需要简单地旋转材料,而不需要改变原有超材料单元的结构或者增加额外的激励场,极大地简化了可调谐超材料的制备及应用,在电磁开关、相位调制等方面具有潜在的应用.同时,这种简单的方法有希望应用于更高频段的超材料调谐,可以有效地拓展太赫兹频段和光频段超材料的实际应用.     

异向介质谐振响应的Floquet模分析

将开口谐振环单元的场分布利用Floquet模展开,从电磁波传播角度揭示了凋落模引起异向介质谐振响应的事实.数值计算了任意平面电磁波照射下异向介质的传输特性.研究表明,对于来自主平面上的垂直或平行极化的入射波,具有相同极化方式的Floquet透射模将发生谐振,并且磁谐振和电谐振将随着入射角的不同而改变.而对于来自其他入射平面的电磁波,两种极化的Floquet透射模将共同发生谐振. 关键词： 开口谐振环 异向介质 Floquet模 谐振     

Meta材料谐振行为的因果性研究

分析了横电磁波作用下开口谐振环双各向异性Meta材料,揭示了虚波数引起Meta材料谐振行为的事实.利用Floquet模将开口谐振环周期性结构的场分布展开,从电磁波传播角度得出了凋落模是引起Meta材料谐振行为的原因.对于来自主平面上的入射波,具有相同极化方式的Floquet透射模将发生谐振,并且电谐振和磁谐振将随着入射角的不同而改变.     

全介质光栅在太赫兹波段的光调控特性

采用激光直写技术在100 μm厚的Si衬底上制备了全介质光栅结构, 利用近红外光抽运-太赫兹探测(near infrared pump-Terahertz probe)技术对该全介质光栅在THz波段的光谱响应及其光调控特性进行了测试, 最后结合电磁仿真结果, 对米谐振(Mie resonance)的形成机理和光调控机理进行了解释并对调控光作用下全介质光栅的电导率数值进行了估算. 研究结果表明: 在光栅与THz偏振垂直的情况下, 该全介质光栅在0-1.0 THz范围内有3个典型的米谐振峰且谐振模式各不相同; 随着调控光功率的增加, 3个谐振峰的谐振强度出现了不同程度的减弱, 其中第一个谐振峰的光调控幅度达到50%以上, 调控光作用下米谐振强度的减弱是由于光生载流子对入射THz波的吸收和散射导致了介质光栅内部感生电磁场减弱引起的. 上述工作对全介质超材料在THz波段的共振特性研究和相关光调控器件的研制具有重要参考价值.     

Electric-field and magnetic-field effects on electronic tunneling through magnetic-barrier nanostructures

We have theoretically investigated electric-field and magnetic-field effects on electronic transport properties in nanostructures consisting of realistic magnetic barriers created by lithographic patterning of ferromagnetic or superconducting films. The results indicate that the characteristics of transmission resonance are determined not only by the magnetic configuration and the incident wave vector but also strongly by the applied electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that transmission resonance shifts towards the low-energy region by applying the electric field, and that with increasing the electric field transmission resonance is suppressed for the entire incident wave vector in the magnetic nanostructures with antisymmetric magnetic profile, while for the magnetic nanostructures with symmetric magnetic profile transmission resonance is enhanced for certain incident wave vector. It is also shown that both transmission and conductance shift towards high-energy direction and are greatly suppressed with the increase of the external magnetic field.Received: 20 May 2003, Published online: 11 August 2003PACS: 73.40.Gk Tunneling - 73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic system - 75.70.Cn Interfacial magnetic properties (multilayers, superlattices)     

Resonance theory of elastic wave scattering from a cylindrical cavity

Resonant excitation of a fluid-filled cylindrical cavity in an elastic medium by an incident compressional wave is investigated on the basis of the resonance theory of nuclear scattering. It is shown that the scattering amplitude consists of a series of narrow resonances super-imposed upon, and interfering with, a broad background that corresponds to the scattering from an empty cavity. The resonances may be analyzed in a most enlightening fashion by studying them separately in each partial wave of the normal-mode series. They are seen to correspond to excitations of the eigenvibrations of the cavity fluid caused by a phase-match of “creeping waves”, similar to the “Regge poles” of nuclear physics.     

基于蘑菇型结构的双入射超宽带复合媒质材料设计与分析

通过设计一定的单元结构, 可以实现超宽带人工电磁材料. 基于蘑菇型金属结构, 提出了一种同时具有左右手通带无缝结合的超宽带双入射型复合媒质材料结构单元. 该结构由嵌入到介质板的两个反向对称的蘑菇型金属结构组成, 能够同时引发电谐振和磁谐振而得到左手通带. 通过利用CST软件仿真、等效电磁参数提取、折射率计算以及建立等效磁谐振电路模型等方法, 分析验证了该结构的双入射特性和左手特性. 仿真结果表明, 在电磁波垂直于介质板和平行于介质板入射两种情况下, 在X波段均表现出左手通带特性, 并具有1 GHz以上的左手带宽. 当电磁波垂直于介质板入射时, 在7.2 GHz-9.3 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.3 GHz-11 GHz频段为左手通带; 当电磁波平行于介质板入射时, 在7.0 GHz-9.0 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.0 GHz-10 GHz频段为左手通带. 在两种情况下分别于9.3 GHz与9.0 GHz处得到了零折射率, 从而构造了一种正-零-负复合媒质材料, 实现了具有3 GHz带宽的双入射超宽带平衡结构.     

Gravitational Waves Interacting with a Spinning Charged Particle in the Presence of a Uniform Magnetic Field

The equations which determine the response of a spinning charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field to an incident gravitational wave are derived in the linearized approximation to general relativity. We verify that 1) the components of the 4-momentum, 4-velocity and the components of the spinning tensor, both electric and magnetic moments, exhibit resonances and 2) the co-existence of the uniform magnetic field and the GW are responsible for the resonances appearing in our equations. In the absence of the GW, the magnetic field and the components of the spin tensor decouple and the magnetic resonances disappear.     

非对称银纳米双环表面等离激元光谱特性

贵金属纳米材料在入射光激发下能够产生表面等离激元,即金属表面自由电子产生集体振荡。当其振荡频率与入射光频率相同时,发生表面等离激元共振,形成一种特殊的电磁场模式和光谱特性。利用该电磁场模式和光谱特性, 能够调节金属纳米材料的光谱学行为,例如通过改变金属纳米结构的大小、形状以及周围介质介电常数等参数, 在微纳尺度上实现光谱学信号的有效调控。目前,除了具有一定对称性的贵金属纳米材料被大量研究和应用外,非对称纳米结构的表面等离激元光谱特性也受到广泛关注。研究表明,在可见-近红外波段光谱范围内设计表面等离激元光电传感器件的关键问题在于,如何有效地调节其消光谱的共振波长、半峰宽以及峰值强度等主要特征参数。提出一种基于银纳米双环组成的非对称结构,利用时域有限差分方法,在可见-近红外波段内,通过分别改变银纳米双环的尺寸、间距及入射光偏振方向等参数,计算了该纳米结构在不同条件下的消光谱。结果表明,在0.4～3 μm的消光谱内,入射光能够激发产生两个独立的表面等离激元共振峰。通过研究峰值波长处的电场分布图发现,上述共振峰分别对应两种不同的电磁场模式。结果还表明,消光谱内两个独立的共振峰可以通过改变该双环结构的不同参数,被分别地进行调节。其中,可以通过改变该双环结构的半径来有效调节短波长峰的共振波长和半峰宽,同时保持长波长峰的共振波长和半峰宽基本不变。此外,通过改变两环间距或入射光偏振方向,可以分别以不同趋势来调节两个共振峰的峰值强度。在提出的非对称银纳米双环的消光谱中,获得了能够被分别调节的两个表面等离激元共振峰,研究结果能够为可见-近红外波段内基于银纳米材料光电传感器件的开发设计提供理论基础。     

Multipole Excitation of Localized Plasmon Resonance in Asymmetrically Coated Core–Shell Nanoparticles Using Optical Vortices

Plasmonic interactions between an asymmetrically coated core–shell (ACCS) nanoparticle and an optical vortex produce a novel engagement of the spin angular momentum (SAM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the input. Simulations based on a discrete dipole approximation (DDA) indicate that the SAM and the OAM of the incident beam determine the modal order of resonance, correctly identifying the peak wavelength, and both the direction and magnitude of optical torque exerted upon the excited, localized plasmon resonance in the ACCS particle. These simulations also indicate higher-order resonances, including hexapole and octupole modes, and a zero-order resonance (expressible as a monopole mode), can be excited by judicious selection of the SAM and OAM. A detailed symmetry analysis shows how the multipoles associated with eigenmode excitations connect to the radiation multipoles at the heart of the multipole expansion. It is also shown how additional, distorted resonance modes due to the asymmetricity of the structure are also exhibited. These specific plasmonic characteristics, which cannot be realized by plane wave excitation, become possible through the ACCS asymmetry engaging with the distinct optical vortex nature of the excitation.     

Perfect metamaterial absorber based on a split-ring-cross resonator

In this paper, we present a polarization-insensitive metamaterial (MM) absorber which is composed of the dielectric substrate sandwiched with split-ring-cross resonator (SRCR) and continuous metal film. The MM absorber is not limited by the quarter-wavelength thickness and can achieve near-unity absorbance by properly assembling the sandwiched structure. Microwave experiments demonstrate the maximum absorptivity to be about 99% around 10.91 GHz for incident wave with different polarizations. The surface currents distributions of the resonance structure are discussed to look into the resonance mechanism. Importantly, our absorber is only 0.4 mm thick, and numerical simulations confirm that the MM absorber could achieve very high absorptivity at wide angles of incidence for both transverse electric (TE) wave and transverse magnetic (TM) wave. The sandwiched structure is also suitable for designing of a THz and even higher frequency MM absorber, and simulations demonstrate the absorption of 99% at 1.105 THz.     

Electric-field-modified Feshbach resonances in ultracold atom–molecule collision

We present a detailed analysis of near zero-energy Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of atom and molecule,taking the He–PH system as an example, subject to superimposed electric and magnetic static fields. We find that the electric field can induce Feshbach resonance which cannot occur when only a magnetic field is applied, through couplings of the adjacent rotational states of different parities. We show that the electric field can shift the position of the magnetic Feshbach resonance, and change the amplitude of resonance significantly. Finally, we demonstrate that, for narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance as in most cases of ultracold atom–molecule collision, the electric field may be used to modulate the resonance, because the width of resonance in electric field scale is relatively larger than that in magnetic field scale.     

Identifying magnetic response of split-ring resonators at microwave frequencies

In this study we provide experimental methods to identify the magnetic resonance of split ring resonantors (SRR) at the microwave frequency regime. Transmission measurements were performed on both single SRR unit cell and periodic arrays of SRRs. The magnetic response of the SRR structure was demonstrated by comparing the transmission spectra of SRRs with closed ring resonators (CRR). Effects of the changes in the effective dielectric constant of the SRR medium on the band-gaps of SRR are investigated experimentally. SRRs not only exhibit a magnetic resonance band gap but also a band gap due to the electric resonance. Finally, we present the effect of electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of bianisotropic SRRs by utilizing SRRs with different orientations, and incident electromagnetic wave polarizations.     

Propagation of terahertz waves in nonuniform plasma slab under "electromagnetic window"

The application of magnetic fields, electric fields, and the increase of the electromagnetic wave frequency are up-and-coming solutions for the blackout problem. Therefore, this study considers the influence of the external magnetic field on the electron flow and the effect of the external electric field on the electron density distribution, and uses the scattering matrix method (SMM) to perform theoretical calculations and analyze the transmission behavior of terahertz waves under different electron densities, magnetic field distributions, and collision frequencies. The results show that the external magnetic field can improve the transmission of terahertz waves at the low-frequency end. Magnetizing the plasma from the direction perpendicular to the incident path can optimize the right-hand polarized wave transmission. The external electric field can increase the transmittance to some extent, and the increase of the collision frequency can suppress the right-hand polarized wave cyclotron resonance caused by the external magnetic field. By adjusting these parameters, it is expected to alleviate the blackout phenomenon to a certain extent.     

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研究了在三开口劈裂金属纳米环中,当入射场偏振方向不同时出现的多极局域表面等离激元共振现象及折射率传感特性。研究表明,当入射场偏振方向分别沿x 轴和y 轴时,在可见光-近红外区域分别激发起两个和三个明显的共振峰。通过改变缺口的张角,能够实现对共振峰位和强度的可控调整。共振峰位处劈裂纳米环的近场分布表明,LHA(左半弧)和DRHA(双右半弧)之间等离激元的杂化耦合是形成上述共振的原因。劈裂纳米环的多极共振非常适合折射率传感应用。当改变周围环境折射率,入射场沿x 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度的最大值可达到1365nm/RIU;入射场沿y 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度最大值可达2229nm/RIU。     

Evaluation of gold nanowire pairs as a potential negative index material

A metamaterial consisting of pairs of metallic nanowires, separated by a dielectric spacer, has been fabricated and spectrally characterized in the visible and near-infrared spectral domain. It is shown, that the structure exhibits both a plasmonic and a magnetic resonance depending on its geometry and orientation with respect to the illuminating wave field. In particular, we investigate the influence of the thickness of the spacer layer on the spectral position of the resonances and show that, for an appropriate adjustment, both resonances coincide. Measurements of the amplitude and the phase of the transmitted wave are presented. It is also shown that the material is highly anisotropic with respect to the angle of incidence, as the plasmonic resonance wavelength depends strongly on it whereas the magnetic resonance does not show this sensitivity. All experimental results are supported by numerical simulations. PACS 81.07.-b; 78.67.-n; 78.20.-Ci     

Sub-collision hyperfine structure of nonlinear-optical resonance with field scanning

Some experimental evidences for methane are produced that the simple transition from frequency scanning of nonlinear-optical resonances to magnetic one may be accompanied with transition from sub-Doppler collisionally broadened structure to sub-collision hyperfine one. It is conditioned by nonlinearity of splitting of hyperfine sublevel for molecules in the adiabatically varied magnetic field and, respectively, breaking the analogy of magnetic and frequency scannings. The exact calculation of the resonance structure is considered for molecules with only one spin subsystem. The approximately spin-additive calculation of the structure is given for sufficiently fast rotating molecules with greater number of spin subsystems. Within the same approximation an example of hyperfine doubling in the magnetic and electric spectra of nonlinear-optical resonance is considered for fluoromethane.     

Super scattering phenomenon in active spherical nanoparticles

Localized surface electromagnetic resonances in spherical nanoparticles with gain are investigated by using the Mie theory. Due to the coupling between the gain and resonances, super scattering phenomenon is raised and the total scattering efficiency is increased by over six orders of magnitude. The dual frequency resonance induced by the electric dipole term of the particle is observed. The distributions of electromagnetic field and the Poynting vector around nanoparticles are provided for better understanding different multipole resonances. Finally, the scattering properties of active spherical nanoparticles are investigated when the sizes of nanoparticles are beyond the quasi-static limit. It is noticed that more highorder multipole resonances can be excited with the increase of the radius. Besides, all resonances dominated by multipole magnetic terms can only appear in dielectric materials.     

Dispersion behavior of electromagnetic wave near the resonance in 1D magnetized ferrite photonic crystals

In the present article, we have analyzed the dispersion of electromagnetic wave in the one dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic crystals near the resonance in the permeability of the constituent materials for transverse magnetization in the transverse electric mode. The dispersion relation is obtained by transfer matrix method. It is observed that in the vicinity of resonant frequency, large numbers of oscillations occur in the normalized Bloch wave number. These oscillations in the Bloch wave number are strongly dependent on external magnetic fields, filling factor, and damping constant. The frequency regime of these oscillations is found to be shifted in higher frequency range with increase in the magnitude of the magnetic fields. With increase in the filling factor keeping length of periods fixed, number of oscillations is found to be increased. Near the resonance, effect of incident angle is negligible. It is demonstrated that these nearly equidistant oscillations occurring in the vicinity of resonance may be used for making filter in micro wave frequency range.