体育馆声学设计探讨

本文分析了我国综合性体育馆共同的体形特征及其所导致的运用建筑声学时的出现的若干问题，探讨了有关的声学标准，并以工程实践为例，说明必须依靠建筑声学设计和电声设计的结合，才能作好体育馆的声学设计。     

中型多功能体育馆声学设计的探讨

本文从应用角度探讨了中型多功能体育馆声学设计中的一些问题，并提出了一些有用的经验数据和建议。     

国家奥林匹克体育中心综合体育馆和游泳馆的声学设计

国家奥林匹克体育中心包括综合体育馆、游泳馆、两个练习馆和体育场等五项工程.本文着重介绍体育中心两个主馆的声学设计、竣工后的调试和取得的成果,以及笔者对今后大型体育馆声学设计的建议.     

上海市黄浦体育馆的声学设计

上海市黄浦体育馆建于1981年9月,是一座多用途大厅,除供体育比赛外,还兼作集会及音乐演出之用.容座总共3800个.大厅平顶采用十字形空间吸声体处理,式样美观新颖,效果良好而经济.中频(500—1000Hz)满场混响时间约1.3s.扩声系统采用分区式声柱布置方案.使用效果表明音质符合设计要求.     

保利剧院的声学设计

保利剧院是一座继承传统歌剧院的良好品质,又能适应近代各种需求的专业歌剧院,兼供自然声音乐演奏和戏剧演出,为确保剧有良好的音质,从方案阶段就开始声学设计,并贯穿于设计、施工、试用调试的全过程,从而获得了良好的音质,评价颇高,本文概要介绍保利剧院的声学设计及从中取得的经验。     

科特迪瓦共和国剧场声学设计与缩尺声学模型试验

科特迪瓦共和国剧场包括主演出厅、第二演出厅、排练厅和各种配套用房。此外还有科方自建的露天剧场，它构成了供和国首都阿比让市的演出中心，由于三个厅室各有其主要功能、且音质要求较高，故分别进行了声学设计，并对其中的主演出厅作了缩心声学模拟试验，以弥补声学计算上的不足，本报告简述共和国剧场各厅声学设计指标的确定，以及为达到预期声学效果所采取的各项技术措施。     

亚运会大学生体育馆空间吸声体的设计和应用

大学生体育馆于1988年10月竣工,是亚运会工程中首先交付使用的体育场馆之一,全国农运会的球类、体操等比赛项目和闭幕式在该馆进行,通过使用,普遍反映语言清晰度高、声场均匀、噪声水平低和没有音质缺陷。 该馆采用屋架暴露(球节点网架)不设吊顶的建筑形式,使馆内有效容积巨增,每座占容积13.9m~3,是目前国内同类体育馆的2倍。在如此巨大的容积内,用有限的投资和声学处理面积达到预期的声学效果,是通过空间吸声体的合理设计和应用实现的。本文仅就空间吸声体的设计和应用作概要的介绍。     

声学仪器的设计应注意标准化

编辑同志: 最近一些国外科学家在参观我国的声学仪器时,提出了应加强声学仪器设计的标准化问题的建议,我们认为很值得重视.如有些七十年代的探伤仪面板设计仍停留在国外六十年代初的水平上,很不利于向国     

隐声衣结构设计和实验研究新进展

隐声衣是一项使物体隐藏于声场的新技术,与传统吸声方式相比,隐声衣消除回波时不会在目标背后留下声影区。隐声衣的物理实现是重点研究方向之一,利用具有特殊性质的材料或结构消除散射是获得隐声效果的主要途径。文章综述了隐声衣研究在结构设计和实验方面的几项新发展。包括基于超常材料的隐声衣、基于温度递度的隐声衣、应用反演设计方法的隐声衣、有源隐声衣等,主要介绍隐声衣机理和结构设计方面的新思想,以及新型人工材料和人工结构在隐声衣研究中的应用。     

北京七色光儿童艺术剧院的声学设计

北京七色光儿童艺术剧院是一个以演出儿童话剧为主，同时还可以进行歌舞、音乐等其他文艺形式的演出的多功能剧场，该剧院形式活泼，音质良好。本文从音质和噪声控制的几个方面对其声学设计进行了介绍。     

Optimal design of acoustic performance for automotive air-cleaner

The research on optimal design of acoustic performance for air-cleaner was presented and evaluated in this paper using a numerical simulation method and experimental method. A modified measurement was proposed in the paper to solve the problem of air flow noise caused by the original measurement layout. The modified measurement was proved to produce good results. A new study on the acoustic effect of filter was also developed here and noise reduction (NR) of the air-cleaner was predicted based on the study using the numerical simulation method. Actual intake noise was then predicted using the simulation method. Side branch silencers were designed to improve the acoustic capacity of the air-cleaner. The result shows that the newly optimized air-cleaner has a much better performance of noise elimination when engine operating.     

利用声辐射模态对声场进行重构

声辐射模态是定义在振动表面上的一组互相独立的基函数,描绘了振动表面的多极子辐射模式。本文利用声辐射模态对平板辐射的声场进行重构，并同时就频率和模态数对误差的影响进行了分析。针对复杂振动表面幅射的声场，重构时需正则化处理。数值计算结果和对应的理论值达到很好的吻合。     

Combining COMSOL modeling with acoustic pressure maps to design sono-reactors

Scaled-up and economically viable sonochemical systems are critical for increased use of ultrasound in environmental and chemical processing applications. In this study, computational simulations and acoustic pressure maps were used to design a larger-scale sono-reactor containing a multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics showed ultrasonic waves emitted from the horn neck and tip, generating multiple regions of high acoustic pressure. The volume of these regions surrounding the horn neck were larger compared with those below the horn tip. The simulated acoustic field was verified by acoustic pressure contour maps generated from hydrophone measurements in a plexiglass box filled with water. These acoustic pressure contour maps revealed an asymmetric and discrete distribution of acoustic pressure due to acoustic cavitation, wave interaction, and water movement by ultrasonic irradiation. The acoustic pressure contour maps were consistent with simulation results in terms of the effective scale of cavitation zones (∼10 cm and <5 cm above and below horn tip, respectively). With the mapped acoustic field and identified cavitation location, a cylindrically-shaped sono-reactor with a conical bottom was designed to evaluate the treatment capacity (∼5 L) for the multi-stepped horn using COMSOL simulations. In this study, verification of simulation results with experiments demonstrates that coupling of COMSOL simulations with hydrophone measurements is a simple, effective and reliable scientific method to evaluate reactor designs of ultrasonic systems.     

薄膜型声学超材料的结构设计与隔声特性

为探讨薄膜型声学超材料用于汽车前围声学包、提高其中低频隔声能力的可行性,设计一种米字摆臂多质量块薄膜型声学超材料,构建其隔声分析有限元模型,分析其隔声特性及影响因素,开展结构优化及其在汽车前围声学包上的应用探索。研究表明,所设计的薄膜型声学超材料单胞在中低频区域具有较宽的隔声频带;增加薄膜上质量块半径或厚度会使传声损失曲线整体向低频区域移动,且质量块半径的增加还会拓宽高频区域的隔声频带;增加薄膜厚度或预应力会使传声损失曲线整体向高频区域移动;优化后的薄膜型声学超材料与钢板组合应用于汽车前围板,可明显提高其中低频隔声能力。     

An acoustic switch

The benefits derived from the development of acoustic transistors which act as switches or amplifiers have been reported in the literature. Here we propose a model of acoustic switch. We theoretically demonstrate that the device works: the input signal is totally restored at the output when the switch is on whereas the output signal nulls when the switch is off. The switch, on or off, depends on a secondary acoustic field capable to manipulate the main acoustic field. The model relies on the attenuation effect of many oscillating bubbles on the main travelling wave in the liquid, as well as on the capacity of the secondary acoustic wave to move the bubbles. This model evidences the concept of acoustic switch (transistor) with 100% efficiency.     

A study on the applications of the acoustic design sensitivity analysis of vibrating bodies

The determination of the sensitivity of the acoustical characteristics of vibrating systems with respect to the variation of the design parameters predicting these characteristics is a necessary and important step of the acoustic design and optimization process. Acoustic design sensitivity analysis includes the computation and evaluation of the sensitivity information required for this procedure. In this study, a boundary element code performing the sensitivity analysis of the acoustic pressure by using the matrix sensitivities with respect to different design variables has been developed. The effect of the precision of boundary element discretization on the acoustic pressure sensitivity is examined via this code. The formulation is applied to a multi-source system and the dimension sensitivity analysis of near field pressures of two-dilating-spherical source is performed. The last application is devoted to a real sound source: a washing machine sitting on the floor. Sensitivity of the field pressures to the machine’s dimensions (size), surface velocity and frequency is examined on the bases of the boundary element model of the machine and half-space condition. The impacts of these variables are compared; and a limiting speed for the machine responding both the acoustical and operational requirements is determined.