用于托卡马克装置的中性氢密度绝对测量的激光共振荧光散射仪

本文描述了一种新的高温等离子体的诊断方法。即用激光共振荧光法测量托卡马克高温等离子体中的中性氢密度。整个测量系统用瑞利散射进行绝对定标。文章具体描述了HT-6B托卡马克装置上的共振荧光散射仪及其中性氢密度的测量结果。     

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介绍了一种对等离子体边缘进行径向扫描的往复静电探针系统,该系统由高压气源、传输杆、光栅尺、探针组件构成。它在一次放电中能测量主等离子体边缘的温度、密度、悬浮电位、空间电位、离子饱和电流、极向电场、粒子通量等参数的径向分布以及电子温度和密度的衰减长度。测量结果表明,利用该系统测量的主等离子体边缘参数分布与JT-60U、TEXT、HT-7等装置上测量的结果一致。     

HL—1M装置边缘等离子体特性研究

边缘和芯部等离子体的同时控制对优化托卡马克等离子体性能是重要的。边缘等离子体密度、温度和空间电位等通常采用朗缪尔静电探针测量,而旋转速度可用马赫探针测量。好的加料技术对于获得高性能等离子 体也很重要。在HL－1M装置上已开展了8发弹丸注入和分子束注入（MBI）加料实验,它能使等离子体产生中空的温度和电流密度分布,并容易获得高密度和良好的约束。本文主要介绍在低杂波电流驱动（LHCD）、多发弹丸注入和MBI三种典型放电中边缘等离子体参数的测量结果。     

HL-2A装置偏滤器位形研究

1研究方法 等离子体边界是托卡马克平衡运行时等离子体截面的极向磁通函数的等高线，它决定等离子体位形。位形是托卡马克装置实验和工程设计的重要参数，它是由等离子体电流及其分布以及外极向场线圈电流配置共同决定的。     

辐射量热计在HT-6BTokamak上的测量

一、引言 在现行的托卡马克实验中,辐射损失和中性粒子损失是高温等离子体能量损失的主要通道之一。为了更好地了解托卡马克等离子体中能量平衡、辐射损失以及这些损失随等离子体参数的变化;了解等离子体中杂质含量和杂质输运以及等离子体与器壁的相互作用,辐射能量损失的时间特性、空间分布的测量显得很有必要。为     

测量托卡马克可见光谱辐射的低噪声,高响应光敏二极管探测器

研制了一种用于托卡马克等离子体可见光谱线测量的半导体光敏二极管探测器，这种探测器具有体积小，造价低，使用方便等优点，它具有很高的量子效率，理想的线性区，宽的频率范围和低的噪声，完全能够满足托卡马克诊断中对等离子体可见微弱谱线的测量。     

CT-6B托卡马克装置中软X射线辐射及扰动

软X射线诊断是研究托卡马克等离子体不稳定性的重要手段。本文给出用Au(Si)面垒探测器阵列测量CT-6B托卡马克等离子体软X射线的结果,以及各种等离子体不稳定性时的软X射线辐射空间分布特性。 关键词：     

托卡马克等离子体超声分子束加料的优化研究

对用于托卡马克等离子体加料的超声分子束系统进行了优化分析。超声分子束的特性、强度及其角分布表明它将是托卡马克等离子体加料的一种良好选择。研究了分子束的空间结构及可能的消融机理。     

HT-7五道HCN激光干涉仪光学元件的设计

介绍了电磁波在等离子体中的传播以及用外差干涉的方法测量托卡马克装置等离子体电子密度的原理。详细讨论了在 HT- 7超导托卡马克上用于密度诊断测量的五道 HCN激光干涉仪光路的主要光学元件 ,如各类分束片、托卡马克密度诊断窗口的尺寸和厚度的设计以及光学材料的选择 ,并在实验中得到了很好的结果 ,验证了设计的合理性和准确性。五道的位置分别为沿小环圆截面 - 2 0 cm、- 10 cm、0 cm、+ 10 cm、+ 2 0 cm。     

HL-2A装置等离子体可见光成像系统的组建及其在位形识别上的应用

为了对HL-2A装置等离子体放电过程提供直观的观测，我们研制了一项新的诊断手段，即等离子体可见光成像系统(TTV)，这种诊断是近年来发展的先进诊断和测量方式，目前在国外托卡马克装置上得到了广泛的应用，而在国内托卡马克装置上则是首次采用。     

Measurement of natural plasma flow along the field lines in the scrape-Off layer on the JT-60U divertor tokamak

The plasma profile and parallel plasma flow in the scrape-off layer (SOL) were systematically measured using reciprocating Mach probes installed at the outer midplane and near the divertor magnetic null (x point) in the JT-60U tokamak with a single null divertor. For the ion vertical drift due to the toroidal magnetic field gradient (ion nablaB drift) directed towards the divertor, SOL plasma flow along the magnetic field lines away from the divertor ("flow reversal") was discovered at the midplane far from the divertor. A quantitative evaluation of the ion "Pfirsch-Schluter flow," wherein the parallel flow is naturally produced in a toroidal plasma, was consistent with the measurement.     

HL-2M 装置磁测量系统设计及初始放电实验结果

介绍了 HL-2M 装置上满足等离子体放电的磁测量系统的物理设计,主要包括磁探针、磁通环以及 电流测量系统的设计。通过 HL-2M 装置典型的放电位形参数对磁探针的极向布局、有效面积,磁通环的极向布 局以及测量等离子体电流的罗氏圈互感值进行了初步设计。目前,HL-2M 装置已经完成初始等离子体放电。各个 子系统均能达到其测量目标。      

Untersuchungen des turbulenten Strömungsfeldes eines schnellen eingeschlossenen Plasmastrahls

The spatial distribution of temperature and velocity in a turbulent plasma jet enclosed in a large diameter tubular vessel has been measured with thermocouple probes and dynamic pressure probes and corrected by an iterative computation method. The results show that the behaviour of the plasma jet in principle is not different from the behaviour of an ordinary gas jet or a flame. Due to the mass entrainment from surroundings, the jet is divergent and died out very rapidly. On account of conservation of mass, we have to expect a retrograde motion of the gas at the wall of the tubular vessel. Because the corresponding velocity is very small it falls below the detection limit of our measurement system.     

The effect of static external magnetic field on the nonlinear absorption of the S-polarised short laser pulse in collisional underdense plasma

A new, user-friendly, linear plasma device has been developed in our laboratory where a quiescent (\(\Delta n/n \approx 1\%\)), low temperature (1–10 eV), pulsed (3–10 ms) plasma can be produced over a large uniform region of 30–40 cm diameter and 40 cm length. Salient features of the device include the flexibility of tuning the plasma density in the range of \(10^{10}\) to \(10^{12}\,\hbox {cm}^{-3}\) and capability of scanning the plasma and field parameters in two dimensions with a precision of < 1 mm. The plasma is produced by a multifilamentary cathode and external magnetic field by Helmholtz coils, both designed and constructed in-house. The plasma parameters can be measured by Langmuir probes and electromagnetic field parameters by miniature magnetic probes and Rogowski coils. The plasma produced is uniform and essentially unbounded for performing experiments on waves and turbulence. The whole device can be operated single-handedly by undergraduate or graduate students. The device can be opened, serviced, new antennas/probes installed and ready for operation in a matter of hours. Some results on the excitation of electromagnetic structures in the context of electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) are also presented to demonstrate the suitability of the device for carrying out such experiments.     

Measurement of Temperature and Density Profiles of the Plasma at PR-2 Facility

A new system of probe diagnostics at linear plasma simulator PR-2 is described, allowing us to measure the profiles of plasma temperature and density in different cross sections of the plasma column. The Langmuir probe fixed to the movable part of the two-coordinate positioning system built into the PR-2 passes the region of the discharge area during the process of measuring plasma parameters. The overall dimensions of the positioning system make it possible to mount electrical probes (magnetic probes, optical fibers, and other diagnostic equipment) covering almost the entire volume of the vacuum chamber between the magnetic mirrors of the device. We present the measurement results of local plasma parameters of the beam-plasma discharge (BPD) for different values of the input power and working gas pressure. The boundaries of appearance of discharge of three types were determined: the diffusive BPD mode, the BPD mode, and the arc mode. Dependences of the plasma concentration and temperature on the input power for different values of pressure have been also determined.     

Diagnostics for first plasma study on EAST tokamak

The first plasma was obtained in the EAST on September 26th, 2006. Single-null (SN) and double-null (DN) diverted plasmas were achieved successfully in the EAST tokamak on January 22nd, 2007. The employed plasma diagnostics for first plasma study of EAST are as follows: a vertical one-channel far-infrared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer for measuring the line average density, a 10-channel soft X-ray array for intensity measurement, a 16-channel heterodyne Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) for measuring the electron temperature profile, a 8-channel XUV bolometer array to measure plasma radiation losses, a 3-channel hard X-ray array for intensity measurement, an electromagnetic measurement system, a 35-channel Hα radiation array, 20 probes for divertor plasma, a one-channel visible bremsstrahlung emission, an impurity optical spectrum measurement system and two optical spectroscopic multi-channel analyzers (OMA). The first experimental results of diagnostic systems are summarized in this Letter.     

EAST装置的磁探针设计

介绍了EAST装置中磁探针设计中的结构、安装位置、匝面积的标定、幅频响应,并给出了该磁探针的标定误差和Mirnov线圈幅频响应特征图。两轮EAST放电试验表明,电磁测量的信号满足装置运行和等离子体控制的需要。     

New Applications of Langmuir Probes

In this work, two new possibilities for standard probe diagnostics are described. The first one can be used to study isotropic, collisionless low-pressure plasma in which the electron energy distribution function is close to a Maxwellian one. In such plasmas, the Boltzmann law, Bohm effect, and 3/2 power law are valid. Use of corresponding system of equations for cylindrical Langmuir probes allowed for measurements of probe sheath thicknesses and the mean ion mass. The solution of this task was provided by accurate probe diagnostics of inductive xenon plasma at pressure p = 2 mTorr that resulted in the determination of the Bohm coefficient C_BCyl = 1.22. The second possibility of probe diagnostics includes a method and device for evaluation of ion current density to a wall under a floating potential using a radially movable plane wall Langmuir probe simulator. This measurement in the same xenon plasma served as the basis for development of an ion source in which the given wall was represented by an ion extracting electrode of the ion extraction grid system.     

Plasmadiagnostik mit Emittierenden Sonden Durch Ausnutzung der Örtlichen Störung des Ionisationsgleichgewichts

The emissive probe is used generally to determine exclusively the plasma potential. The emissive probes have distinct advantages over collecting probes, because several conditions which restrict the spectrum of application fall away. In this paper the methods for the determination of plasma potentials are discussed and completed by new techniques using the local perturbation of the ionization balance. On the other hand it is shown that further plasma data can be obtained exploiting the plasma response on the emitted electrons accelerated by the probe bias voltage. In this way the total ionization rate, the portion of direct ionization, the concentration of metastable atoms and the life time of metastables are determined for selected conditions.

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Presented at the Colloquium on Plasma Physics Topics Common to the Laboratory and the Space Plasma Research, September 21–25, 1987, Skalský Dvr, Czechoslovakia.     

超高速碰撞LY12铝靶产生膨胀等离子体云的电导率测量

 为了研究超高速碰撞过程中产生的膨胀等离子体云的电导率,设计了适用于瞬态等离子体电导率测量的扫描电探针系统。通过二级轻气炮加载LY12球形铝弹丸,运用设计的扫描电探针系统分别进行了相同入射角度和不同碰撞速度条件下超高速碰撞产生等离子体电导率的实验测量。通过对探针等效电路的分析,获得了在整个物理过程中给定探针位置处产生膨胀等离子体云的电导率随时间的变化关系。实验结果表明：在碰撞角度(与靶板平面的夹角)相同、传感器布局相同的条件下,碰撞速度越大,产生膨胀等离子体云的电导率相对越大。