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1.
Three η4‐(C=C–C=O) coordination cobalt(I) complexes 1 – 3 were synthesized by the reactions of cinnamaldehyde, p‐fluorocinnamaldehyde, and p‐chlorocinnamaldehyde with CoMe(PMe3)4. Complex 4 as η2‐(C=C) coordination was prepared by the reaction of chalcone with Co(PMe3)4. The structures of complexes 1 – 4 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Although the reactions didn't undergo C–H bond activation and decarbonylation, the formation of complexes 1 – 4 deepens our understanding of the reactions between α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with low‐valent central cobalt atom.  相似文献   

2.
Parallel and practical methods for the preparation of both (E)‐ and (Z)‐β‐aryl1‐β‐aryl2‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 1 and (E)‐ and (Z)‐α‐aryl1‐β‐aryl2‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 2 are described. These methods involve accessible, robust, stereocomplementary N‐methylimidazole (NMI)‐mediated enol tosylations (14 examples, 70–99 % yield), as well as stereoretentive Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings (36 examples, 64–99 % yield). The highlighted feature of the present protocol is the use of parallel and stereocomplementary approaches to obtain highly (E)‐ and (Z)‐pure products 1 and 2 by utilizing sequential enol tosylations and cross‐coupling reactions. An expeditious and parallel synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐zimelidine ( 3 ), which is a highly representative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was performed by utilizing the present methods.  相似文献   

3.
The synthesis and reactivity of a CoI pincer complex [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ featuring an η2‐ Caryl?H agostic bond is described. This complex was obtained by protonation of the CoI complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. The CoIII hydride complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2(H)]+ was obtained upon protonation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2]. Three ways to cleave the agostic C?H bond are presented. First, owing to the acidity of the agostic proton, treatment with pyridine results in facile deprotonation (C?H bond cleavage) and reformation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. Second, C?H bond cleavage is achieved upon exposure of [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ to oxygen or TEMPO to yield the paramagnetic CoII PCP complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]+. Finally, replacement of one CO ligand in [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ by CNtBu promotes the rapid oxidative addition of the agostic η2‐Caryl?H bond to give two isomeric hydride complexes of the type [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)(CO)(H)]+.  相似文献   

4.
The synthesis and reactivity of a CoI pincer complex [Co(ϰ3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ featuring an η2‐ Caryl−H agostic bond is described. This complex was obtained by protonation of the CoI complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. The CoIII hydride complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2(H)]+ was obtained upon protonation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2]. Three ways to cleave the agostic C−H bond are presented. First, owing to the acidity of the agostic proton, treatment with pyridine results in facile deprotonation (C−H bond cleavage) and reformation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. Second, C−H bond cleavage is achieved upon exposure of [Co(ϰ3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ to oxygen or TEMPO to yield the paramagnetic CoII PCP complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]+. Finally, replacement of one CO ligand in [Co(ϰ3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ by CNtBu promotes the rapid oxidative addition of the agostic η2‐Caryl−H bond to give two isomeric hydride complexes of the type [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)(CO)(H)]+.  相似文献   

5.
Two new phosphinite ligands based on ionic liquids [(Ph2PO)C7H14N2Cl]Cl ( 1 ) and [(Cy2PO)C7H14N2Cl]Cl ( 2 ) were synthesized by reaction of 1‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydoxypropyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C7H15N2OCl]Cl, with one equivalent of chlorodiphenylphosphine or chlorodicyclohexylphosphine, respectively, in anhydrous CH2Cl2 and under argon atmosphere. The reactions of 1 and 2 with MCl2(cod) (M = Pd, Pt; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) yield complexes cis‐[M([(Ph2PO)C7H14N2Cl]Cl)2Cl2] and cis‐[M(Cy2PO)C7H14N2Cl]Cl)2Cl2], respectively. All complexes were isolated as analytically pure substances and characterized using multi‐nuclear NMR and infrared spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The catalytic activity of palladium complexes based on ionic liquid phosphinite ligands 1 and 2 was investigated in Suzuki cross‐coupling. They show outstanding catalytic activity in coupling of a series of aryl bromides or aryl iodides with phenylboronic acid under the optimized reaction conditions in water. The complexes provide turnover frequencies of 57 600 and 232 800 h?1 in Suzuki coupling reactions of phenylboronic acid with p‐bromoacetophenone or p‐iodoacetophenone, respectively, which are the highest values ever reported among similar complexes for Suzuki coupling reactions in water as sole solvent in homogeneous catalysis. Furthermore, the palladium complexes were also found to be highly active catalysts in the Heck reaction affording trans‐stilbenes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
While acid fluorides can readily be made from widely available or biomass‐feedstock‐derived carboxylic acids, their use as functional groups in metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions is rare. This report presents the first demonstration of Pd‐catalyzed decarbonylative functionalization of acid fluorides to yield trifluoromethyl arenes (ArCF3). The strategy relies on a Pd/Xantphos catalytic system and the supply of fluoride for transmetalation through intramolecular redistribution to the the Pd center. This strategy eliminated the need for exogenous and detrimental fluoride additives and allows Xantphos to be used in catalytic trifluoromethylations for the first time. Our experimental and computational mechanistic data support a sequence in which transmetalation by R3SiCF3 occurs prior to decarbonylation.  相似文献   

7.
Equilibrium geometries, bond dissociation energies and relative energies of axial and equatorial iron tetracarbonyl complexes of the general type Fe(CO)4L (L = CO, CS, N2, NO+, CN, NC, η2‐C2H4, η2‐C2H2, CCH2, CH2, CF2, NH3, NF3, PH3, PF3, η2‐H2) are calculated in order to investigate whether or not the ligand site preference of these ligands correlates with the ratio of their σ‐donor/π‐acceptor capabilities. Using density functional theory and effective‐core potentials with a valence basis set of DZP quality for iron and a 6‐31G(d) all‐electron basis set for the other elements gives theoretically predicted structural parameters that are in very good agreement with previous results and available experimental data. Improved estimates for the (CO)4Fe–L bond dissociation energies (D0) are obtained using the CCSD(T)/II//B3LYP/II combination of theoretical methods. The strongest Fe–L bonds are found for complexes involving NO+, CN, CH2 and CCH2 with bond dissociation energies of 105.1, 96.5, 87.4 and 83.8 kcal mol–1, respectively. These values decrease to 78.6, 64.3 and 64.2 kcal mol–1, respectively, for NC, CF2 and CS. The Fe(CO)4L complexes with L = CO, η2‐C2H4, η2‐C2H2, NH3, PH3 and PF3 have even smaller bond dissociation energies ranging from 45.2 to 37.3 kcal mol–1. Finally, the smallest bond dissociation energies of 23.5, 22.9 and 18.5 kcal mol–1, respectively are found for the ligands NF3, N2 and η2‐H2. A detailed examination of the (CO)4Fe–L bond in terms of a semi‐quantitative Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson (DCD) model is presented on the basis of the CDA and NBO approach. The comparison of the relative energies between axial and equatorial isomers of the various Fe(CO)4L complexes with the σ‐donor/π‐acceptor ratio of their respective ligands L thus does not generally support the classical picture of π‐accepting ligands preferring equatorial coordination sites and σ‐donors tending to coordinate in axial positions. In particular, this is shown by iron tetracarbonyl complexes with L = η2‐C2H2, η2‐C2H4, η2‐H2. Although these ligands are predicted by the CDA to be stronger σ‐donors than π‐acceptors, the equatorial isomers of these complexes are more stable than their axial pendants.  相似文献   

8.
Many transition‐metal complexes and some metal‐free compounds are able to bind carbon monoxide, a molecule which has the strongest chemical bond in nature. However, very few of them have been shown to induce the cleavage of its C?O bond and even fewer are those that are able to transform CO into organic reagents with potential in organic synthesis. This work shows that bis(pinacolato)diboron, B2pin2, reacts with ruthenium carbonyl to give metallic complexes containing borylmethylidyne (CBpin) and diborylethyne (pinBC≡CBpin) ligands and also metal‐free perborylated C1 and C2 products, such as C(Bpin)4 and C2(Bpin)6, respectively, which have great potential as building blocks for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling and other reactions. The use of 13CO‐enriched ruthenium carbonyl has demonstrated that the boron‐bound carbon atoms of all of these reaction products arise from CO ligands.  相似文献   

9.
In this work, ortho‐palladated complexes [Pd(µ‐Cl)(C6H4CH2 NRR′‐κ2‐C,N)]2 and [Pd(C6H4CH2NH2‐2‐C,N)Cl(Y)] were tested in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Cyclopalladated Pd(II) complexes as thermally stable catalysts can activate aryl bromides and chlorides. These complexes were active and efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides and even less reactive aryl chlorides. The cross‐coupled products of a variety of aryl bromides and aryl chloride with phenylboronic acid in methanol as solvent at 60 °C were produced in excellent yields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
Rhodium PCcarbeneP complexes 1‐L {L=PPh3, PPh2(C6F5)} react with isothiocyanate, carbodiimide and disulphide to enable C?S, C?N and S?S bond cleavage. The cleaved molecules are sequestered by the metal center and the pincer alkylidene linkage, forming η2‐coordinated sulfide or imide centered pincer complexes. When a C?S or S?S bond is cleaved, the resulting complexes can bridge two rhodium centers through sulphur forming dimeric complexes and eliminating a monodentate phosphine ligand.  相似文献   

11.
The [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complexes [(μ‐pdt){Fe(CO)3}2], [(μ‐edt){Fe(CO)3}2], and [(μ‐mdt){Fe(CO)3}2], where pdt=1,3‐propanedithiolate, edt=1,2‐ethanedithiolate, and mdt=methanedithiolate, undergo wavelength dependent photodecarbonylation in hydrocarbon matrices at 85 K resulting in multiple decarbonylation isomers. As previously reported in time‐resolved solution photolysis experiments, the major photoproduct is attributed to a basal carbonyl‐loss species. Apical carbonyl‐loss isomers are also generated and may undergo secondary photolysis, resulting in β‐hydride activation of the alkyldithiolate bridge, as well as formation of bridging carbonyl isomers. For [(μ‐bdt){Fe(CO)3}2], (bdt=1,2‐benzenedithiolate), apical photodecarbonylation results in generation of a 10 π‐electron aromatic FeS2C6H4 metallacycle that coordinates the remaining iron through an η5 mode.  相似文献   

12.
The direct and controlled activation of a C(sp3)?H bond adjacent to an O atom is of particular synthetic value for the conventional derivatization of ethers or alcohols. In general, stoichiometric amounts of an oxidant are required to remove an electron and a hydrogen atom of the ether for subsequent transformations. Herein, we demonstrate that the activation of a C?H bond next to an O atom could be achieved under oxidant‐free conditions through photoredox‐neutral catalysis. By using a commercial dyad photosensitizer (Acr+‐Mes ClO4?, 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium perchlorate) and an easily available cobaloxime complex (Co(dmgBF2)2?2 MeCN, dmg=dimethylglyoxime), the nucleophilic addition of β‐keto esters to oxonium species, which is rarely observed in photocatalysis, leads to the corresponding coupling products and H2 in moderate to good yields under visible‐light irradiation. Mechanistic studies suggest that both isochroman and the cobaloxime complex quench the electron‐transfer state of this dyad photosensitizer and that benzylic C?H bond cleavage is probably the rate‐determining step of this cross‐coupling hydrogen‐evolution transformation.  相似文献   

13.
The reductive coupling of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized (dibromo)vinylborane yields a 1,2‐divinyldiborene, which, although isoelectronic to a 1,3,5‐triene, displays no extended π conjugation because of twisting of the C2B2C2 chain. While this divinyldiborene coordinates to copper(I) and platinum(0) in an η2‐B2 and η4‐C2B2 fashion, respectively, it undergoes a complex rearrangement to an η4‐1,3‐diborete upon complexation with nickel(0).  相似文献   

14.
The mechanism of copper‐mediated Sonogashira couplings (so‐called Stephens–Castro and Miura couplings) is not well understood and lacks clear comprehension. In this work, the reactivity of a well‐defined aryl‐CuIII species ( 1 ) with p‐R‐phenylacetylenes (R=NO2, CF3, H) is reported and it is found that facile reductive elimination from a putative aryl‐CuIII‐acetylide species occurs at room temperature to afford the Caryl?Csp coupling species ( IR ), which in turn undergo an intramolecular reorganisation to afford final heterocyclic products containing 2H‐isoindole ( P , P , PHa ) or 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline ( PHb ) substructures. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies support the postulated reductive elimination pathway that leads to the formation of C?Csp bonds and provide the clue to understand the divergent intramolecular reorganisation when p‐H‐phenylacetylene is used. Mechanistic insights and the very mild experimental conditions to effect Caryl?Csp coupling in these model systems provide important insights for developing milder copper‐catalysed Caryl?Csp coupling reactions with standard substrates in the future.  相似文献   

15.
This report describes the first Pd0‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) with diarylzinc compounds to give a variety of pentafluorophenyl arenes. This reaction could be applied to other perfluoroarenes, such as octafluorotoluene, pentafluoropyridine, and perfluoronaphthalene, to give the corresponding polyfluorinated coupling products. The optimal ligand in this catalytic reaction was PCy3, and lithium iodide was indispensable as an additive for the coupling reaction. One of the roles of lithium iodide in this catalytic reaction was to promote the oxidative addition of one C?F bond of C6F6 to palladium. Stoichiometric reactions revealed that an expected oxidative‐addition product, trans‐[Pd(C6F5)I(PCy3)2], generated from the reaction of [Pd(PCy3)2] with C6F6 in the presence of lithium iodide, was not involved in the catalytic cycle. Instead, a transient three‐coordinate, monophosphine‐ligated species, [Pd(C6F5)I(PCy3)], emerged as a potential intermediate in the catalytic cycle. Therefore, we isolated a novel PdII complex, [Pd(C6F5)I(PCy3)(py)], in which pyridine (py) acted as a labile ligand to generate the transient species. In fact, in the presence of lithium iodide, this PdII complex was found to react smoothly with diphenylzinc to give the desired pentafluorophenyl benzene, whereas the same reaction conducted in the absence of lithium iodide resulted in a decreased yield of pentafluorophenyl benzene, which indicated that the other role of lithium iodide was to enhance the reactivity of the organozinc species during the transmetalation step.  相似文献   

16.
Unusual cleavage of P?C and C?H bonds of the P2N2 ligand, in heteroleptic [Ni(P2N2)(diphosphine)]2+ complexes under mild conditions, results in the formation of an iminium formyl nickelate featuring a C,P,P‐tridentate coordination mode. The structures of both the heteroleptic [Ni(P2N2)(diphosphine)]2+ complexes and the resulting iminium formyl nickelate have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the mechanism of the P?C/C?H bond cleavage, which involves C?H bond cleavage, hydride rotation, Ni?C/P?H bond formation, and P?C bond cleavage.  相似文献   

17.
Si?F bond cleavage of fluoro‐silanes was achieved by transition‐metal complexes under mild and neutral conditions. The Iridium‐hydride complex [Ir(H)(CO)(PPh3)3] was found to readily break the Si?F bond of the diphosphine‐ difluorosilane {(o‐Ph2P)C6H4}2Si(F)2 to afford a silyl complex [{[o‐(iPh2P)C6H4]2(F)Si}Ir(CO)(PPh3)] and HF. Density functional theory calculations disclose a reaction mechanism in which a hypervalent silicon species with a dative Ir→Si interaction plays a crucial role. The Ir→Si interaction changes the character of the H on the Ir from hydridic to protic, and makes the F on Si more anionic, leading to the formation of Hδ+???Fδ? interaction. Then the Si?F and Ir?H bonds are readily broken to afford the silyl complex and HF through σ‐bond metathesis. Furthermore, the analogous rhodium complex [Rh(H)(CO)(PPh3)3] was found to promote the cleavage of the Si?F bond of the triphosphine‐monofluorosilane {(o‐Ph2P)C6H4}3Si(F) even at ambient temperature.  相似文献   

18.
Syntheses and Structures of η1‐Phosphaallyl, η1‐Arsaallyl, and η1‐Stibaallyl Iron Complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2Fe–E(SiMe3)C(OSiMe3)=CPh2] (E = P, As, Sb) The reaction of equimolar amounts of [(η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2Fe–E(SiMe3)2] ( 1 a : E = P; 1 b : As; 1 c : Sb) and diphenylketene afforded the η1‐phosphaallyl‐, η1‐arsaallyl‐, and η1‐stibaallyl complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2Fe–E(SiMe3)C(OSiMe3)=CPh2] ( 2 a : E = P; 2 b : As; 2 c : Sb). The molecular structures of 2 b and 2 c were elucidated by single crystal X‐ray analyses.  相似文献   

19.
Reaction of 2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐diazaarsolenes and ‐diazaphospholenes with Tl[Co(CO)4] gives instable complexes of type [Co(ER2)(CO)4] which decarbonylated to yield [Co(ER2)(CO)3]. Spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the tetracarbonyl complexes can be formulated as ion pair for E = P and as covalent metalla‐arsine for E = As, and the tricarbonyl complexes as carbene‐like species with a formal E=Co double bond. A similar reactivity towards Tl[Co(CO)4] was also inferred for 1,3,2‐diazastibolenes although the products were not isolable and their constitution remained uncertain. Evaluation of structural and computational data suggests that the weak and polarized Co–As bond in [Co(AsR2)(CO)4] can be characterized as an “inverse” M→L donor‐acceptor bond. The computational studies disclosed further η2(EN)‐coordination of the EN2C2 heterocycle as an alternative to the formation of a carbene‐like structure for [Co(ER2)(CO)3]. The η2‐complex is less stable for E = P but close in energy for E = As and more stable than the carbene‐like complex for E = Sb.  相似文献   

20.
The reaction of different metallocene fragments [Cp2M] (Cp=η5‐cyclopentadienyl, M=Ti, Zr) with diferrocenylacetylene and 1,4‐diferrocenylbuta‐1,3‐diyne is described. The titanocene complexes form the highly strained three‐ and five‐membered ring systems [Cp2Ti(η2‐FcC2Fc)] ( 1 ) and [Cp2Ti(η4‐FcC4Fc)] ( 2 ) (Fc=[Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)]) by addition of the appropriate alkyne or diyne to Cp2Ti. Zirconocene precursors react with diferrocenyl‐ and ferrocenylphenylacetylene under C? C bond coupling to yield the metallacyclopentadienes [Cp2Zr(C4Fc4)] ( 3 ) and [Cp2Zr(C4Fc2Ph2)] ( 5 ), respectively. The exchange of the zirconocene unit in 3 by hydrogen atoms opens the route to the super‐crowded ferrocenyl‐substituted compound tetraferrocenylbutadiene ( 4 ). On the other hand, the reaction of 1,4‐diferrocenylbuta‐1,3‐diyne with zirconocene complexes afforded a cleavage of the central C? C bond, and thus, dinuclear [{Cp2Zr(μ‐η12‐C?CFc)}2] ( 6 ) that consists of two zirconocene acetylide groups was formed. Most of the complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, showing attractive multinuclear molecules. The redox properties of 3 , 5 , and 6 were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Upon oxidation to 3 n+, 5 n+, and 6 n+ (n=1–3), decomposition occured with in situ formation of new species. The follow‐up products from 3 and 5 possess two or four reversible redox events pointing to butadiene‐based molecules. However, the dinuclear complex 6 afforded ethynylferrocene under the measurement conditions.  相似文献   

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