水分散超支化共轭聚合物纳米粒子的制备及其对苦味酸的高灵敏荧光检测

采用Suzuki细乳液聚合以及后功能化反应,制备了季铵盐末端的水分散超支化共轭聚合物纳米粒子(HCPN-QA),用于高灵敏度和高选择性的检测2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(PA).带正电荷的季铵盐端基以及疏水的超支化共轭聚合物核心,使HCPN-QA对水中呈酸性的PA产生静电吸引与疏水富集的协同作用,产生高度灵敏的荧光猝灭响应,检测限达到0.18μg/L,猝灭常数达到6.36×10~7 L/mol,相比于有机相分散的超支化共轭聚合物纳米粒子HCPN-OMe,HCPN-QA检测限低了4个数量级,猝灭常数高出3个数量级.通过研究HCPN-QA粒径对PA检测灵敏度的影响,发现纳米粒子粒径对PA的检测灵敏度影响很小.并且,HCPN-QA对PA的猝灭响应显著高于TNT及其他硝基爆炸物,表现出很好的选择性以及竞争选择性.此外,HCPN-QA检测试纸对PA固体颗粒的检测表现出很高的灵敏度,检测限达到66 pg/mm~2.     

共轭聚合物离子荧光化学传感器

荧光传感器能够将分子识别的信息转换成荧光信号,荧光法在灵敏度、选择性和实时原位检测等方面优势突出,最近已引起了人们很大的兴趣。本文主要介绍以共轭聚合物为基础的离子荧光化学传感器的近期研究进展,重点综述了共轭聚合物的荧光化学传感器在阳离子识别检测中的分子设计、合成、作用机理和应用,并展望了该领域的发展方向。     

铅、汞、镉离子的荧光传感器研究进展

化学传感器提供了方便、快捷、廉价的分析检测有毒重金属离子的方法,并具有很高的灵敏度和选择性.它在环境科学、分析化学以及生命科学等领域有广泛的应用前景.本文分别综述了pb²⁺、Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺几种有毒重离子化学传感器的最新研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

反应型汞离子光化学传感器*

化学传感器提供了方便、快捷、廉价的分析检测有毒重金属离子的方法,具有很高的灵敏度和选择性。检测对象专一的反应型光化学传感器受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了识别Hg²⁺的反应型光化学传感器的最新研究进展。按照化学反应类型来分类,包括汞促进脱硫和脱硫醇反应、汞促进硫脲衍生物脱硫化氢分子内成环反应、羟汞化及加汞化反应等。     

汞离子荧光、比色传感器

基于主客体识别的汞离子比色、荧光传感器由于使用方法简单、灵敏度高、不需要昂贵仪器等优势,受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了近年来汞离子比色和荧光传感器的研究进展。本文根据作用机理将汞离子比色、荧光传感器分成三类,即通过特殊反应识别汞离子的传感器,通过配位作用识别汞离子的传感器以及基于纳米材料的汞离子传感器。其中通过特殊反应识别的传感器根据具体反应类型又可分成汞离子诱导的罗丹明上的内酰胺环开环型、汞离子与含硫(硒)的受体发生脱硫(硒)反应使受体氧化或关环型、汞离子与受体发生加汞化反应型和汞离子使受体发生汞离子催化的化学反应型这四类。本文对这些类型的汞离子传感器从设计原理、识别性能和机理等方面进行了介绍,并展望了该领域的研究方向。     

荧光共振能量转移高灵敏检测汞离子和半胱氨酸

开发了一种简单快速的荧光探针,该探针在DNA的3’端标记荧光素并利用[T-Hg(II)-T]复合结构对荧光进行猝灭,荧光素与[T-Hg(II)-T]复合结构之间发生荧光共振能量转移。在对探针链长度以及pH和反应时间等实验条件进行优化后,该荧光探针对汞离子具有较高的选择性,用于汞离子分析时检出限可以达到纳摩尔级。当加入半胱氨酸,由于形成了半胱氨酸-汞离子复合结构,[T-Hg(II)-T]复合结构被破坏,荧光强度大量的恢复。利用此原理可以对半胱氨酸进行分析,检出限也可以达纳摩尔级。该荧光探针利用一条廉价的T碱基适配体链所构筑,相比传统的荧光探针有着独特的优势。     

基于寡核苷酸链的汞离子荧光生物传感器

基于G-四链体结构和卟啉类化合物N-甲基卟啉二丙酸IX(NMM)结合产生强烈的荧光,利用T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T错配对汞离子(Hg2+)的特异性识别,建立了一种简单、灵敏、高效的Hg2+检测新方法.在富含鸟嘌呤(G)寡核苷酸链中,引入了大量胸腺嘧啶(T).在没有Hg2+存在时,可以自发形成G-四链体结构,与NMM结合产生强烈的荧光;在Hg2+存在时,可与另一条富含T序列的互补链通过T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T特异性结合,形成双链DNA分子,从而导致G-四链体结构不能产生.优化后最佳实验条件为:缓冲溶液的pH=6.7,20 mmol/LKCl,2.5 μmol/L NMM,反应时间为2h.在优化条件下,体系的荧光强度变化值与Hg2+浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为50～ 1000 nmol/L,检出限为22.8 nmol/L(30).此生物荧光传感器对Hg2+具有良好的选择性.实际水样中Hg2+的加标回收率为106.1％ ～ 107.8％,可以满足实际水样品中Hg2+的检测要求.     

稀土配位聚合物荧光探针的制备及其对痕量汞离子的检测

以稀土金属铽离子为发光中心离子,鸟苷酸(GMP)为配体制备得到了能够发射绿色荧光的稀土配位聚合物。并通过加入小牛胸腺DNA溶液进一步增强荧光强度,形成"turn-on"荧光类型的稀土配合物,利用汞离子与小牛胸腺DNA的结合以及与配体GMP的相互作用使荧光猝灭,形成"turn-on-off"类型稀土荧光探针,实现了汞离子的检测。Hg²⁺质量浓度在50～1 200μg·L^-1范围内与体系荧光强度变化程度呈线性关系(I₀-I)/I₀=0.000 2C+0.010 7,相关系数(r²)为0.991 5,检出限为1.5μg·L^-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%。对河水中Hg²⁺进行加标回收检测,回收率为98.1%～99.8%,RSD为0.28%～1.9%。     

基于小分子的汞离子荧光探针*

汞离子（Hg²⁺）作为一种极具生理毒性的化学物质,其检测方法在传感领域得到了广泛的研究。荧光探针由于具有高效灵敏、快速便捷检测等优点而成为Hg²⁺检测的重要手段之一。通过Hg²⁺与探针特征的结合位点作用,引起其光物理性质的变化,从而实现对Hg²⁺的高选择性识别。本文综述了近年来小分子Hg²⁺荧光探针的研究进展。文中着重总结了Hg²⁺荧光探针分子的设计原理、检测机制及应用方法;评述了这些化合物的结构和检测性能之间的关系;最后展望了Hg²⁺荧光探针的研究和发展方向。     

一种基于2,7-咔唑-芴交替共轭聚合物的荧光开启型汞离子光学探针

通过Suzuki偶合反应合成出一种主链中含2,7-取代咔唑的蓝光发射共轭聚合物,聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-N-十二烷基咔唑](PF27Cz).随着I-(NaI水溶液)的加入,I-的重原子效应使PF27Cz溶液(THF)的荧光逐渐淬灭,其溶液的外观颜色由无色变为浅黄色.通过在相同条件下的对比实验可知其他阴离子的引入并未使PF27Cz的光学性质产生类似的变化.利用Hg2+与I-之间的高结合常数与络合配比,Hg2+的加入使PF27Cz-I-络合物的荧光逐渐回复,其外观颜色也由浅黄色回复至无色.通过对PF27Cz-I-在递增浓度Hg2+存在下的荧光发射性质进行分析可知其对Hg2+的检出限达约为1.6×10-8mol/L.通过对比实验可知背景金属阳离子的存在对Hg2+的光学响应并无明显的干扰.实验结果表明PF27Cz是一类具有较高灵敏度和抗干扰性的turn-on型Hg2+光学探针材料.     

Highly Selective Anionic Counterion‐based Fluorescent Sensor for Hg2+ by Grafted Conjugated Polyelectrolytes

Grafted conjugated polyelectrolytes were synthesized for the first time and characterized. The polymers demonstrated properties of a convenient and efficient protocol for creating Hg²⁺ sensors. The unique character of the new material comes from an anionic counterion nature with no external cofactors, and imparts high selectivity and fast detection for mercury ion in a fluorescence probe. The concept may be potentially applied to create new sensors for monitoring other ions.

     

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Chemosensor for Detection of Al3+ in Totally Aqueous Media

A fluorescent chemosensor ( 1 ) based on 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde Schiff‐base was developed for the detection of Al³⁺ in 100% aqueous solution. Upon addition of Al³⁺, a significant fluorescence enhancement was observed, which was not affected by other metal ions including Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ under weak acid conditions. Moreover, the specific response to Al³⁺ was visible under natural light. The binding mode between 1 and Al³⁺ was clarified by ESI‐MS and ¹H NMR.     

Reactive Blends of Poly(phenylene sulfide)/Hyperbranched Poly(phenylene sulfide)

Summary: Polymer blends consisting of linear poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and hyperbranched PPS (HPPS) were obtained in melt. The solid-state properties of PPS and their blends were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), extraction measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). Blends prepared by melt mixing turned out to be reactive as shown by the TGA and extraction measurement. SEM indicated that no phase separation occurs in PPS/HPPS blends. The degree of crystallization of the blends decreased with increasing HPPS content. Both the storage modulus and loss modulus increased as HPPS content increasing.     

Development of Novel Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Sensors for Application in Highly Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Cu2+

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor particles that have all three dimensions confined to the nanometer length scale are a good choice for the detection of heavy metals in aqueous media. In this study, novel CdSe/CdS QDs modified by mercaptoethanol were synthesized for Cu²⁺ detection, which shows high selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu²⁺ in the presence of other biological metallic ions. The detection mainly depends on the binding of Cu²⁺ onto the surface of QDs resulting in a chemical displacement of Cd²⁺. The subsequent formation of CuSe, and its application in hair and tea samples was also performed successfully.     

A Highly Sensitive Quinoline-Containing Rhodamine B Thiohydrazide Based Fluorescent Probe for Hg2+ in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells

Quinoline-appended rhodamine B thiohydrazide based fluorescent probe was designed and applied in fluorescent detections of mercury ions in both aqueous solution and living cells. The signal change of the probe is based on a specific metal ion induced reversible ring-opening mechanism of a rhodamine B thiohydrazide. The probe exhibits a dynamic response concentration range for Hg²⁺ from 1.0 × 10^?8 to 1.0 × 10^?5 M with a detection limit of 8.5 × 10^?9 M. The fluorescent probe is pH independent in medium condition and exhibits high selectivity over other common metal ions.     

一种新型罗丹明类Hg2+荧光探针的合成与分析应用

设计合成了一种可逆的Hg2+荧光增强型分子探针3’,6’-双(二乙氨基)-2-((2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯亚甲基)氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3-硫酮(RBS),并利用红外光谱、元素分析、核磁等方法对探针结构进行表征。探针本身荧光很弱,与Hg2+结合后荧光显著增强,由此,建立了Hg2+测定的新方法。该方法对Hg2+测定的线性范围为5.00×10-9～1.10×10-6mol/L,检出限为2.82×10-9mol/L,具有操作简单、灵敏度高、选择性好、线性范围宽等特点。将该方法用于河水及土壤样品中Hg2+的加标回收实验,结果满意。     

Rhodamine 6G-based Chemosensor for the Visual Detection of Cu2＋ and Fluorescent Detection of Hg2＋ in Water

A novel water soluble chemosensor 1 based on rhodamine 6G spirolactam scaffold has been synthesized and characterized.Upon addition of a wide range of the environmentally and biologically relevant metal ions,chemosensor 1 shows a colorimetric selective Cu2＋ recognition from colorless to pink confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectral changes,while it also exhibits a fluorometric selective Hg2＋ recognition by fluorescence spectrometry.An absorption enhancement factor over 17-fold with 1-Cu2＋ complex and a fluorescent enhancement factor over 45-fold with 1-Hg2＋ complex were observed.Their recognition mechanisms were assumed to be a 1：1 stoichiometry for 1-Cu2＋ complex and a 1：2 stoichiometry for 1-Hg2＋ complex,respectively,which were proposed to be different ligation leading to the ring-opening of rhodarnine 6G spirolactam.Furthermore,the detection limits for CU2＋ or Hg2＋ were 3.3 × 10-8 or 1.7x 10-7 mol/L,respectively.     

Fabrication of Highly Photoluminescent TiO2/PPV Hybrid Nanoparticle‐Polymer Fibers by Electrospinning

In this study, we have synthesized highly photoluminescent TiO₂/poly (phenylene vinylene) (PPV) hybrid nanoparticle‐polymer fibers by electrospinning a PPV precursor added to a TiO₂ sol‐gel solution. The diameters of the hybrid fibers ranged from 100–300 nm and the average size of TiO₂ nanoparticles within the fibers was 10–60 nm. FT‐IR analysis indicated that a new band around 1 632 cm⁻¹ assigned to the Ti O C vibration appeared, which resulted in the stronger luminance of the fluorescence of the TiO₂/PPV hybrid fibers compared to free standing PPV nanofibers.

     

Highly Sensitive Adsorption and Detection of Iodide in Aqueous Solution by a Post-Synthesized Zirconium-Organic Framework

Effective methods of detection and removal of iodide ions (I⁻) from radioactive wastewater are urgently needed and developing them remains a great challenge. In this work, an Ag⁺ decorated stable nano-MOF UiO-66-(COOH)₂ was developed for the I⁻ to simultaneously capture and sense in aqueous solution. Due to the uncoordinated carboxylate groups on the UiO-66-(COOH)₂ framework, Ag⁺ was successfully incorporated into the MOF and enhanced the intrinsic fluorescence of MOF. After adding iodide ions, Ag⁺ would be produced, following the formation of AgI. As a result, Ag⁺@UiO-66-(COOH)₂ can be utilized for the removal of I⁻ in aqueous solution, even in the presence of other common ionic ions (NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻, SO₄²⁻). The removal capacity as high as 235.5 mg/g was calculated by Langmuir model; moreover, the fluorescence of Ag⁺@UiO-66-(COOH)₂ gradually decreases with the deposition of AgI, which can be quantitatively depicted by a linear equation. The limit of detection toward I⁻ is calculated to be 0.58 ppm.     

Action of a Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cu2+ Encapsulated in Silica Xerogel

The fluorescent chemosensor of the type Ant-NH-O-O-NH-Ant for Cu²⁺ ions has been designed by means of a supramolecular approach, as follows: two anthracene (Ant) fragments as fluorophore subunits have been linked by a noncyclic NH-O-O-NH quadridentate ligand as a receptor. The interaction of Cu²⁺ - receptor is signalled through the enhancement of the anthracene fluorescence when the receptor, i.e., the dioxodiamine chain subunit of the sensor is able to stop a photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism. The experiments with the chemosensor encapsulated in silica xerogel by the sol-gel processing are described.