A novel photothermal excitation cracked medium in gravitational field with two-temperature and hydrostatic initial stress

A New Approach model for a theory of two temperature with finite linear opening Mode-I crack inside a semi-infinite semiconducting medium is presented. The mechanical force influence during the photothermal process with the influence of gravity and hydrostatic initial stress in two dimensions are used. The transient compressive stress wave travels along the crack from the loading region to the crack face. Using mathematical methods under the purview of different three theories (Lord–?hulman (LS) includes one relaxation time, Green–Lindsay (GL) includes two relaxation times, and the classical dynamical coupled theory (CD)). The exact expression of the physical quantities and the two temperature coefficient ratios are obtained analytically using the harmonic wave technique and illustrated graphically. Comparisons between the results of the three theories are also introduced.     

On the Foundations of Superstring Theory

Superstring theory is an extension of conventional quantum field theory that allows for stringlike and branelike material objects besides pointlike particles. The basic foundations on which the theory is built are amazingly shaky, and, equally amazingly, it seems to be this lack of solid foundations to which the theory owes its strength. We emphasize that such a situation is legitimate only in the development phases of a new doctrine. Eventually, a more solidly founded structure must be sought. Although it is advertised as a “candidate theory of quantum gravity”, we claim that string theory may not be exactly that. Rather, just like quantum field theory itself, it is a general mathematical framework for a class of theories. Its major flaw could be that it still embraces a Copenhagen view on the relation between quantum mechanics and reality, while any “theory of everything”, that is, a theory for the entire cosmos, should do better than that.