聚丙烯酰胺/硬脂酸协同改性半水硫酸钙晶须及其形貌稳定性研究

使用聚丙烯酰胺/硬脂酸改性体系对半水硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性,研究聚丙烯酰胺的加入对改性过程中硫酸钙晶须的稳定化影响.通过显微镜观察晶须产品的形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析其相组成,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪检测晶须产品的表面基团.结果 表明:聚丙烯酰胺/硬脂酸协同改性硫酸钙晶须的晶体形貌及相组成未发生改变,较硬脂酸单一改性后的晶须长径比有所上升,且在水溶液中形貌保持时间延长,改性后晶须的活化指数、接触角较硬脂酸单一改性有明显上升,实现了硫酸钙晶须改性过程中的稳定化处理.     

SiO2改性超长羟基磷灰石晶须的制备及研究

通过水热共沉淀反应法成功制备出超长羟基磷灰石晶须,并通过溶解正硅酸乙酯与羟基磷灰石晶须烧结得到二氧化硅表面改性羟基磷灰石.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),红外分析(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的晶相组成、形貌、晶须长度进行了表征.结果表明:所得晶须的平均长度为230 μm,SiO2球形颗粒均匀的分布在晶须表面,其直径为600 nm,二氧化硅改性羟基磷灰石晶须可显著提高义齿基托树脂的抗拉强度.     

改性羟基磷灰石晶须牙科复合树脂材料的制备及研究

采用硅胶对制备的HAP晶须进行表面改性形成SiO2颗粒附着,然后以硅胶改性的HAP晶须为填料混合甲基丙烯酸酯制备复合树脂材料.二氧化硅对晶须改性是通过形成凝胶颗粒与晶须结合并通过热处理形成牢固的结合.通过XRD、FT-IR光谱和SEM以表征微结构、键性质以及表面相组成.结果表明:经硅胶改性的HAP晶须表面有SiO2小颗粒附着,随着煅烧温度的增加,SiO2颗粒的数量明显增多,尺寸有变大的趋势.复合树脂材料的弯曲强度随改性晶须煅烧温度的增加而增加,以600 ℃煅烧的改性晶须为原料制备的树脂样品,其弯曲强度最高,达到89.46 MPa.     

β-SiAlON晶须的诱导合成和生长机制研究

以β-SiAION粉料为晶种,SiC为基体,加入Si粉、AI粉和Al2O3粉在1900 K氮气气氛下合成β-SiAlON晶须,研究了晶须的显微结构、相组成和晶须增韧SiC复合材料的力学性能,并结合热力学研究了晶须的生长机制.结果表明:(1)以β-SiAlON粉料为诱导晶种时可以合成β-SiMON晶须材料,其生长机制为VLS机制和VS机制;(2)当以VLS机制生长时,晶须合成z值为1.56,直径约为200 -300nm,呈柱状和纤维状,当以VS机制生长时,晶须合成z值为1.76,直径为0.5～1.5 μm,呈柱状和竹节状,发育较为规则;(3)晶须相可有效提高复合材料的力学性能,相同组成的复合材料中,当β-SiAlON晶须相的含量较高时,材料可以在气孔率较高(32.1;)条件下获得了较好的抗折强度(55.2 MPa).     

熔盐辅助碳热还原氮化法制备氮化钽晶须

本文以五氧化二钽、活性炭为主要原料,氟化钾为熔盐介质,通过碳热还原氮化法在氨气气氛下成功制备了氮化钽(Ta5N6)晶须.运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了表征.研究了升温方式、氮化气氛、氮化时间和催化剂含量对产物形成的影响.当Ni与Ta2O5的摩尔比为0.1、氮化气氛为氨气(流量为300 mL/min)、氮化时间为6h时制备的晶须形貌最佳,晶须直径80～250 nm,长为1～5μm,晶须的生长机制为气-液-固(VLS)和气-固(VS)两种机理的混合机制.     

柠檬酸对半水硫酸钙晶须形貌稳定性影响

介绍了柠檬酸对半水硫酸钙晶须的形貌稳定性的影响及其作用机制,重点考察了柠檬酸添加量及稳定化温度对晶须形貌稳定性的影响.采用XRD、SEM和红外光谱表征晶须性质.结果表明,在30～100℃范围内,随着稳定化温度的增加,半水硫酸钙晶须形貌稳定时间增长.其中在100℃,柠檬酸添加量为0.5 wt;,半水硫酸钙形晶须形貌稳定时间可达4.0 h.由于柠檬酸的-COO-与半水硫酸钙晶须表面Ca2+键和成-COO-Ca-结构,柠檬酸以化学吸附方式吸附于晶须表面,使得晶须稳定性提高.     

煅烧和除碳温度对氮化硼晶须的影响

以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料通过水浴加热合成晶须前驱体,然后经高温烧结成功制备出BN晶须.扫描电镜显示制备的BN晶须为针状结构,其直径和长径比分别为2～3 μm和40～100.通过X射线衍射分析,制备的BN晶须为六方晶相,晶格参数为a=0.2524 nm和c=0.6592 nm.红外光谱图谱表明在1383 cm-1和 812 cm-1处存在两个明显的B-N特征吸收带.晶须的烧成制度以及除碳温度对晶须形貌和性能的影响研究结果表明,当烧成温度为1700 ℃、除碳温度为600 ℃时可制备出形貌良好和结晶度高的氮化硼晶须.     

碱式氯化镁晶须的水热合成及生长机理探讨

以六水氯化镁、氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法合成碱式氯化镁晶须[9Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·5H2O,basic magnesium chloride,BMC],并分析了镁离子浓度、镁离子与氢氧化钠的摩尔比R、反应时间、反应温度对晶体制备的影响.用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、选区衍射等对产物的形貌和组成进行表征.结果表明,180℃反应6h合成的BMC晶须长度为150 μm以上,直径在0.5～1 μm,长径比为150～400;BMC的生长实质上是以负离子配位多面体[Mg-(OH)4]2-及[Mg-Cl4]2-为生长结构基元,不同的晶体取向和叠合速度而形成的晶须.     

四针状ZnO晶须的制备及其光致发光性能

采用热蒸发氧化锌片的方法制备四针状ZnO晶须.并用X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对ZnO晶须组成、结构和形貌进行了测试表征.结果表明:四针状ZnO晶须为六方纤锌矿结构;当前期升温速率为6c℃/min,保温温度为960 ℃,锌的投放量为5 g时,制得四针状ZnO晶须形貌均一规整,晶须针脚生长完全;光致发光(PL)谱图表明:四针状ZnO晶须有两处明显的荧光发射峰,390 nm附近的紫外发射峰由ZnO近带边激子跃迁引发,514 nm附近的绿光发射峰是表面态效应与氧空位电子引发的光生空穴效应共同作用的结果.     

六钛酸钾晶须的制备及生长机理的研究

通过KDC方法成功制备了六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须,并进行了热重分析和差热分析,研究烧结时间和烧结温度对K2Ti6O13晶须结晶过程的影响,通过X射线衍射分析了K2Ti6O13晶须的相组成和晶体指数.此外,通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究晶须的微观结构,揭示了K2Ti6O13晶须的生长机理.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.