异构二芳基乙烯分子结低偏压电导机制的第一性原理研究

本文用结合密度泛函理论的非平衡格林函数方法研究了具有开环和闭环两种同分异构体的二芳基乙烯衍生物分子的结构-特性关系. 该功能分子通过末端的吡啶基团连接到取向沿(111)方向的金电极. 计算结果表明,异构体分子结的不同低偏压电导主要是由于它们具有不同的电子结构. 两种构型分子结的低偏压导电都主要来自于电子隧穿最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO). 由于具有扩展的单双键交替共轭结构,闭环构型分子具有更好的导电通道. 通过计算分子结在平衡状态下的电子转移,可发现更多电子转移到闭环构型分子,导致了其LUMO能量更靠近费米能级,从而有利于低偏压下的导电性能. 结果有助于理解二芳基乙烯分子及其衍生物分子的低偏压电导机制,也为设计更高性能的同类分子开关提供理论依据.     

分子结拉伸与界面识别:破解4,4′-二吡啶分子结拉伸过程中高低电导之谜

4,4′-二吡啶分子结在拉伸过程中呈现出独特的高低电导现象,是分子电子学近十几年研究中的未解之谜.根据实验测量过程以及所采用的技术手段,发展了基于第一性原理计算的分子结绝热拉伸模拟方法,对4,4′-二吡啶分子结的拉伸过程进行了模拟计算.并利用一维透射结合三维修正近似(OTCTCA)方法计算了拉伸过程中体系电导的变化,成功破解了4,4′-二吡啶分子结在拉伸过程中的高低电导之谜.结果显示,在4,4′-二吡啶分子结的拉伸过程中,分子末端的氮原子很容易吸附到探针电极的第二层金原子上,并且导致分子对尖端金原子产生特有的侧向推动作用,将探针尖端金原子推向一侧,从而在拉伸过程中出现高电导平台.进一步拉伸分子结,分子上端氮原子移动并吸附到探针尖端金原子上,同时尖端金原子重新回到原来的晶格位置上.体系电导也因此降低大约5—8倍,形成低电导平台.根据计算结果, 4,4′-二吡啶分子结双电导平台的出现同时表明基底电极很容易存在表面金原子,且只有分子吸附到表面金原子上才会出现高低电导现象.可见,利用分子结拉伸过程中测量到的电导曲线并借助理论计算可以有效识别分子结界面结构.另外,对4,4′-二吡啶分子结高低电导...     

1,4-丁二硫醇分子器件电输运性质的力敏特性研究

基于杂化密度泛函理论,研究了1,4-丁二硫醇分子体系的结构随电极作用力的变化及拉断过程;并利用弹性散射格林函数方法进一步计算了不同电极作用力下分子体系的电输运特性.结果显示,界面结构不同,拉断分子体系所用的拉力也不同:分子末端硫原子处于Au(111)面的空位上方时,拉断分子体系需约1.75 nN的拉力;若金电极表面存在孤立金原子与1,4-丁二硫醇分子末端的硫原子相连,拉断分子体系只需约1.0 nN的力,且伴有孤立金原子被拉出.两种情况分别与不同实验测量相符合.分子在压缩过程中发生扭曲并引起表面金原子滑移,然而压缩扭曲过程与拉伸回复过程不可逆.电极拉力约为0.7—0.8 nN时,分子体系在不同界面构型下以及在不同扭转状态下,电导都出现极小值,这与实验结论一致.分子的末端原子与电极间耦合强度随电极作用力的变化是引起分子体系电导变化的主要因素.实验在0.8 nN附近同时测得较小概率的高电导值与双分子导电有关.     

末端基团对硫醇分子结电输运性质的影响北大核心CSCD

利用杂化密度泛函理论,研究了以甲基、醇基、羧基为末端基团的烷烃硫醇分子与金电极形成分子结的电子结构,利用弹性散射格林函数方法研究了烷烃硫醇分子的电输运性质.研究结果表明,末端基团对分子结导电能力有显著影响,其原因可归结为末端基团碳原子电子结合能的差异.结合能越高,末端基团电子的局域化程度越强,从而减弱了电子的输运能力.理论计算结果与实验结果定性定量上都比较符合.     

分子结电学特性的理论研究

在第一性原理的基础上，对共扼分子2-氨基-5-硝基-1，4-二乙炔基-4’，-苯硫醇基苯(2-amino-5-nitro-1,4-diethyny-4’-benzenethiol-benzene)与金表面形成的分子结的电学特性进行了理论研究.利用密度泛函理论计算了该分子及扩展分子的电子结构；讨论了分子与金表面的相互作用，定量地确定了耦合常数，求出了电子的迁移强度；利用弹性散射格林函数法研究了该分子结的伏—安特性.计算结果表明，当外加偏压小于0.9V时分子结存在电流禁区，随着偏压升高，分子结的电导出现平台特 关键词： 化学吸附 分子结 分子电子学     

1,8-二巯基芘分子电学特性的理论研究

在第一性原理的基础上 ,对 1,8 二巯基芘分子的电学特性进行了理论研究 .采用了 3个Au原子构成的团簇来模拟Au表面 .首先利用密度泛函理论计算了 1,8 二巯基芘分子的电子结构及其和Au表面的相互作用 ,再利用前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该分子和Au表面的相互作用能常数 .最后利用弹性散射格林函数法研究了该分子结的伏 安特性 .计算结果表明 ,分子中的硫原子和Au原子形成很强的共价键 .当外加偏压小于 1V时分子结存在电流禁区 ,随着偏压升高 ,分子结的电导出现平台结构 .分子结的电导特性和其电子结构密切相关 ,扩展分子轨道为电荷的迁移提供了通道 ,而局域轨道对电流贡献很小     

硫醇自组装分子膜末端基团对其电荷输运特性的影响

在金(111)表面组装了具有不同末端基团的硫醇单层分子膜，并利用导电原子力显微镜研究了分子膜的电输运性质，发现不同末端基团的分子自组装膜的导电能力有明显差别.结合X射线光电子能谱，研究了末端基团中碳原子的结合能与相应硫醇分子电导的关系.结果表明不同末端基团分子膜导电能力的差别可归结为末端基团碳原子电子结合能的差异.结合能越高，末端基团电子的局域化程度越强，导致电子有效注入分子主链的势垒越高，从而减弱了分子膜对电子的输运能力.此外，实验还发现不同末端基团的硫醇单层分子膜有不同的表面电势，导致分子膜电流电压特性曲线的零点产生偏离. 关键词： 分子自组装膜 输运特性 末端基团 导电原子力显微镜     

空富勒烯C36和嵌入Mg原子的C36分子的电子学特性研究

采用基于密度泛涵理论的第一性原理和非平衡格林函数方法研究了富勒烯C36分子和以金原子面为电极的Au-S-C36-S-Au电子传输系统的电子结构和传输特性.然后将镁原子嵌入C36笼腔内得到了一个新的分子器件Mg@C36,接金电极后建立了它的电子传输系统Au-S-Mg@C36-S-Au,并且得出了这一系统的电子能级、分子轨道分布、传输概率、态密度、伏安特性和电导曲线.结果显示C36和Mg@C36的电子传导主要集中在分子壳上,且系统Au-S-C36-S-Au中的电子传输主要分布在分子壳的外侧,而系统Au-S-Mg@C36-S-Au中的电子传输在分子壳外侧和内侧的近似相同,二个系统都有着非线性的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和电导曲线.     

电极位置和截面尺寸对分子器件输运性质的调控

研究表明分子器件的性能受器件结构搭建精度影响,分子与电极接触构型的微弱变化可能引起电输运特性较大差异.本文运用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数相结合的方法,研究了由金纳米线与benzene-1,4-dithiol（BDT）形成的分子结的电输运性质.通过对不同的Au-BDT接触构型输运性质的研究,发现当两电极处于对位构型时,有较好的电荷输运行为,而且比较符合制备工艺要求;当电极偏离轴线的角度不大于5°,且电极散射截面尺寸不小于4×4时,该分子结体系的电导和透射谱均比较稳定.电极截面尺寸小于4×4或者电极偏离轴线的夹角大于5°时,透射谱在费米能级附近出现不连续现象,导致体系电导降低.较小电极截面尺寸或者电极以较大角度偏离轴线将导致该分子结体系电导降低和透射谱连续性降低,主要是组成电极的金原子轨道与苯基分子轨道耦合缺失造成的.该研究为Au-BDT-Au体系设计和制备过程中电极的位置及电极截面尺寸做了科学的界定.     

分子和金表面相互作用的第一性原理研究

硫氢官能团可以很强地吸附于金表面上,从而可作为连接体用于纳米电子学中的分子器件.从第一性原理出发利用密度泛函理论研究了4,4′二巯基联苯分子和金表面的相互作用,并利用了前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该相互作用能常数.计算结果表明,当含有硫氢官能团的有机分子化学吸附于金表面时,硫原子将与金原子形成以共价键为主的混和键,此时一些分子轨道扩展于金原子和有机分子中,这些轨道为分子结中电子的输运提供了通道,从而可使分子线的电导呈现出欧姆特性.而其他分子轨道具有局域性,此时电子的输运只能通过隧道效应来实现. 关键词： 化学吸附 分子线 分子电子学     

Electronic Transport in Molecular Junction Based on C20 Cages

Choosing closed-ended armchair （5, 5） single-wall carbon nanotubes （CCNTs） as electrodes, we investigate the electron transport properties across an all-carbon molecular junction consisting of C20 molecules suspended between two semi-infinite carbon nanotubes. It is shown that the conductances are quite sensitive to the number of C20 molecules between electrodes for both configuration CF1 and double-bonded models： the conductances of C20 dimers are markedly smaller than those of monomers. The physics is that incident electrons easily pass the C20 molecules and are predominantly scattered at the C20-C20 junctions. Moreover, we study the doping effect of such molecular junction by doping nitrogen atoms substitutionally. The bonding property of the molecular junction with configuration CF1 has been analysed by calculating the Mulliken atomic charges. Our results have revealed that the C atoms in N-doped junctions are more ionic than those in pure-carbon ones, leading to the fact that N-doped junctions have relatively large conductance.     

Transport properties of boron nanotubes investigated by ab initio calculation

We investigate atomic and electronic structures of boron nanotubes (BNTs) by using the density functional theory (DFT). The transport properties of BNTs with different diameters and chiralities are studied by the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function (NEGF) method. It is found that the cohesive energies and conductances of BNTs decrease as their diameters decrease. It is more diffcult to form (N,0) tubes than (M,M) tubes when the diameters of the two kinds of tubes are comparable. However, the (N,0) tubes have a higher conductance than the (M,M) tubes. When the BNTs are connected to gold electrodes, the coupling between the BNTs and the electrodes will affect the transport properties of tubes significantly.     

Design and First-principles Study of a Fullerene Molecular Device

By using open-ended armchair （6, 6） single-wall carbon nanotubes as electrodes, we investigate the electron transport properties of an all-carbon molecular junction based on the C82 molecule. We find the most stable system among different isomers by performing structural optimization calculations of the Cs2 isomers and the C82 extended molecules. The calculated results show that the C82 -C2 （3） isomer and the C82 extended molecule with C82-C2 isomer are most stable. For the all-carbon hybrid system consisting of C82-C2 extended molecules, it is shown that the Landauer conductance can be tuned over several orders of magnitude both by changing the distance between two electrodes and by changing the orientation of the C82 molecule or rotating one of the tubes around the symmetry axis of the system at a fixed distance. Also, we find the most stable distance between two electrodes from the total energy curve. This fact could make this all-carbon molecular system a possible candidate for a nanoelectronic switch. Moreover, we interpret the conductance mechanism for such a molecular device.     

Impact of coupling geometry on thermoelectric properties of oligophenyl-base transistor

Thermal and electron transport through organic molecules attached to three-dimensional gold electrodes in two different configurations, namely para and meta with thiol-terminated junctions is studied theoretically in the linear response regime using Green's function formalism. We used thiol-terminated(–SH bond) benzene units and found a positive thermopower because the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) is near the Fermi energy level. We investigated the influence of molecular length and molecular junction geometry on the thermoelectric properties. Our results show that the thermoelectric properties are highly sensitive to the coupling geometry and the molecular length. In addition, we observed that the interference effects and increasing molecular length can increase the thermoelectric efficiency of device in a specific configuration.     

First-principles study of electron-conduction properties of helical gold nanowires

Multishell helical gold nanowires (HGNs) suspended between semi-infinite electrodes are found to exhibit peculiar electron-conduction properties by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. Our results that the numbers of conduction channels in the HGNs and their conductances are smaller than those expected from a single-atom row nanowire verify the recent experiment. In addition, we obtained a more striking result that, in the cases of thin HGNs, distinct magnetic fields are induced by the electronic current helically flowing around the shells. This finding indicates that the HGNs can be good candidates for nanometer-scale solenoids.     

A comprehensive first-principle study of borophene-based nano gas sensor with gold electrodes

Using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function method,the transport properties of borophene-based nano gas sensors with gold electrodes are calculated,and comprehensive understandings regarding the effects of gas molecules,MoS2 substrate and gold electrodes to the transport properties of borophene are made.Results show that borophene-based sensors can be used to detect and distinguish CO,NO,NO2 and NH3 gas molecules,MoS2 substrate leads to a nonlinear behavior on the current-voltage characteristic,and gold electrodes provide charges to borophene and form a potential barrier,which reduced the current values compared to the current of the systems without gold electrodes.Our studies not only provide useful information on the computationally design of borophene-based gas sensors,but also help understand the transport behaviors and underlying physics of 2D metallic materials with metal electrodes.     

Theoretical investigations on the orientational dependence of electron transport through porphyrin molecular wire

The effect of molecular orientation on the electron transport behavior of single porphyrin sandwiched between two gold (111) electrodes is investigated by density functional theory calculations combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function method. The results show that the porphyrin with parallel connection to gold (111) electrodes is more conductive than the porphyrin with diagonal connection to gold (111) electrodes. The mechanism of the difference of electron transport for these two molecular junctions is analyzed from the transmission spectra and the molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian states. It is found that the intrinsic nature of the molecule, such as the π-conjugated framework and the strength of molecule–electrode coupling, are the essential reason for generating this difference of electron transport for the two molecular systems.     

Nonadiabatic dynamics of electron injection into organic molecules

We numerically investigate the injection process of electrons from metal electrodes to one-dimensional organic molecules by combining the extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with a nonadiabatic dynamics method. It is found that a match between the Fermi level of electrodes and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of organic molecules can be greatly affected by the length of the organic chains, which has a great impact on electron injection. The correlation between oligomers and electrodes is found to open more efficient channels for electron injection as compared with that in polymer/electrode structures. For oligomer/electrode structures, we show that the Schottky barrier essentially does not affect the electron injection as the electrode work function is smaller than a critical value. This means that the Schottky barrier is pinned for a small work-function electrode. For polymer/electrode structures, we find that it is possible for the Fermi level of electrodes to be pinned to the polaronic level. The condition under which the Fermi level of electrodes exceeds the polaronic level of polymers is shown to not always lead to spontaneous electron transfer from electrodes to polymers.     

Transport in fullerene device coupled to Cu,Ag and Au electrodes

We present an ab initio approach of the electronic transport through a single molecular junction based on C₂₀ fullerene. The electronic properties of a single molecular junction constrained within two semi-infinite metallic electrodes are largely affected by the choice of electrode material. The two-probe device formed by the mechanically control break technique has been modelled with three distinct electrode materials from group IB of the periodic table, namely copper, silver and gold. The quantum characteristics of these mechanically stable devices are obtained by utilising first-principle density functional theory together with non-equilibrium green function method. We evaluate the quantum characteristics, namely density of states, transmission spectrum, energy levels, current and conductance, which essentially determine the behaviour of a molecule linked to different electrodes. Our investigation concludes that copper, silver and gold electrode configuration in conjunction with C₂₀ fullerene behaves as metallic, non-metallic and semi-metallic in nature, respectively.