Comparative investigation of the molecular structures of the species-specific proteins of the seeds ofGossypium hirsutum andG. barbadense

The N-terminal amino acids and the amino acid compositions of four species-specific proteins of two species of the cotton plant —Gossypium hirsutum andG. barbadense — have been determined. Peptide maps of tryptic hydrolysates of these proteins have been obtained and compared. Individual tryptic peptides have been isolated and purified. The N-ends, amino acid compositions, and amino acid sequences of individual peptides have been determined. The N-terminal sections of the proteins ofG. hirsutum andG. barbadense as far as the 16th amino acid residue have been sequenced. A comparative analysis has been made of the peptides and proteins of these cottonplant species.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 858–864, November–December, 1997.     

Isolation of proteins from cottonseed meal II. The salt method

Summary On the basis of the results of a study of the amino acid compositions of various protein fractions from cottonseed flour and meal it has been established that the fraction of salt-soluble proteins (globulins) does not change its composition and properties in the processing of cotton seeds. The yield of protein from the industrial meal using the salt-extraction method is 16%.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 626–628, September–October, 1974.     

Action of trypsin on a nucleoprotein from sturgeon gonads

A nucleoprotein has been isolated from the gonads of the Caspian sturgeon and its composition has been determined. It has been shown that it contains 55% of DNA, 2% of RNA, 36% of protamines, and about 7% of nonprotamine proteins of nonbasic nature. The nucleoprotein has been hydrolyzed with trypsin, and the amino acid compositions of some hydrolysis products have been studied. On the basis of the results obtained, the hypothesis has been put forward of a possible linkage of the DNA with the basic proteins. It has been shown that protamines react with the DNA through the basic amino acid residues located at various regions of their molecules.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 549–553, July–August, 1979.     

Formation of extra- and intracellular amino acids by micromycetes

A comparative study has been made of extra- and intracellular amino acids in the dynamics of the growth and development of the cellulolytically active fungusTrichoderma harzianum and of a protoplast culture and a hybrid culture of the fungus obtained by the methods of cell engineering.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 41 71 29. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 94–100, January–February, 1998.     

Polar lipids and alkaloids ofRuta graveolens grownin vivo andin vitro

We have studied the polar lipids and alkaloids of the biomass ofRuta graveolens L. (ram. Rutaceae) grownin vivo andin vitro and have determined the quantitative compositions of the classes of glyco- and phospholipids, the fatty-acid compositions of their individual acyl-containing components, and their alkaloid contents. The lipids of the biomass of thein vitro culture contained smaller amounts of phosphatidylcholine, of linolenic acid in all classes of acylglycerols, and of hexadec-trans,3-enoic acid in the phosphatidylgtycerol than those of thein vivo culture. Graveoline was found among the total alkaloids of both thein vivo andin vitro cultures and it was isolated from thein vivo culture.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 215–219, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 14, 1994.     

Chemical characterization of the crystalline proteins ofBac. thuringiensis. Cleavage with cyanogen bromide

The crystalline proteins fromBac. thuringiensis of the third and fourth serotypes with a molecular weight of 130,000 have been isolated and carboxymethylated, and their amino acid compositions has been determined. The CM-proteins have been found to be labile in acid media (80% CF₃COOH and 65% HCOOH). Conditions have been found for the cleavage of the CM-protein of the third serotype with cyanogen bromide. A BrCN fragment with a molecular weight of 16,000 has been isolated, the intensity of which in 5% polyacrylamide gel on scanning amounts to about half the intensity of the sum of all the fragments. The aminoacid composition of this fragment has been determined.Institute of Chemistry of the Bashkir Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 384–386, May–June, 1980.     

Amino acid composition of fruit in the manufacture of sedimentation-stabilized dispersed products

Information is given on the total amino acid composition and the free amino acids of pears (Pyrus communis L), squashes (Cucurbita pepo L), grapefruits (Citrus paradisi L) and apples (Malus sylvestris Mill.). It has been established that during the dispersion of the fruits in the manufacture of sedimentation-stabilized products that the total qualitative and quantitative amino acid compositions scarcely change but the concentration of free amino acids rises by 14.5–45.1% on the total amount of free amino acids in the initial material. The causes of the rise in the level of free amino acids are discussed.Odessa State Academy of Food Technology, fax (0482) 25 32 84. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 234–238, March–April, 1999.     

Protein content, activity and amino acid composition of proteinase inhibitors of seeds of some varieties of pea and their hybrids

The results are given of a study of the quantitative content of protein in the seeds of some pea varieties and mutants, the activity of the total inhibitor proteins, and correlations of their activity with the protein content of the seeds and the amino acid compositions of the proteinase inhibitors. Considerable differences have been found in the amounts of a number of amino acids of the protein inhibitors of parental varieties and mutants of the pea, the amounts of serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and valine correlating positively with the inhibitor activity.Institute of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Tadzhik SSR Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe. V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Tadzhik SSR Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 399–404, May–June, 1988.     

Physicochemical analysis of a protein with nerve growth activity from the muscle tissue of Rana ridibunda

A protein nerve growth factor has been isolated in the pure form from the muscles of the lake frogRana ridibunda. The individuality of the substance obtained has been shown, its molecular mass (106.0–110.0 kDa) and pI value (9.2–9.4) have been determined, and lysine and valine have been found as the N- and C-terminal amino acid residues of its polypeptide chain. In view of the detection of the presence of sugars (about 1%), the substance has been identified as a glycoprotein. Its absorption spectra in the UV region has been obtained and the amino acid composition of the isolated protein has been determined. Information on the amino acid composition of various proteins with nerve growth activity has been subjected to comparative analysis with the aid of computer programs, and on this base their phylogenetic tree has been constructed.Institute of Biochemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 251–257, March–April, 1992.     

Lipids of microalgae. I. Lipids and a protein hydrolysate fromMonochrysis lutheri

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 507–511, July–August, 1993.     

Electrophoretic and amino acid compositions of the proteins of maize lines differing in the anthocyan coloration of the seeds

The electrophoretic and amino acid compositions of the proteins of lines of maize differing in the anthocyan coloration of their seeds have been investigated. The molecular masses of the quantitatively main components ranged from 11 to 42 kDa for the albumins and from 15 to 81 kDa for the globulins. Differences between the lines were observed in the levels of components with molecular masses of from 11 to 31 kDa. The amino acid compositions of the zeins of the lines studied were characterized by high levels of leucine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and serine, and those of the other groups of proteins by high levels of arginine, glutamic acid, and glycine.Institute of Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 64 22 30. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 871–873, November–December, 1997.     

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids in Edible Seaweeds after Derivatization with Phenyl Isothiocyanate

Summary A reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatographic method has been used for analysis of the amino acids in edible seaweed. Sample proteins were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid and the amino acids produced were derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate. The resulting phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids were chromatographed on an ODS2 column with UV detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.14 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 6.4, containing 0.05% triethylamine (A) and 60:40 (v/v) acetonitrile–water (B), at a flow rate of 1.1 mL min^–1; the elution gradient (min:A%) was: 0:90, 8:90, 10:70, 12:70, 18:52, 20:0, 25:0, 28:90, 35:90. Method precision for the different amino acids was between 1.33 and 3.88% (relative standard deviation); detection limits were between 6.9 and 14.3 ng mL^–1. The amino acid content of the algae analysed ranged from 22.4 ± 1.9 to 138.0 ± 5.6 mg g^–1 d.w. The amino acids present at highest concentrations were glutamic acid, alanine, and phenylalanine.     

Optimization of the elimination of lipids from the microalgaChlorella vulgaris

Summary Using the microalgaChlorella vulgaris as an example, the possibility has been shown of eliminating the lipids and pigments by oxidizing it with hydrogen peroxide without changing the compositions of the protein-carbohydrate complex. The influence of the conditions of performing the oxidation of theChlorella biomass have been studied and it has been described mathematically. The optimum conditions for eliminating the lipids and pigments have been found and the general chemical properties of the protein product isolated have been determined.N. D. Barabash took part in the work.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 426–430, July–August, 1976.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae III. The lipid composition ofVerticillium dahliae

Summary The compositions of the neutral lipids of the mycelium and of the culture liquid from the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been investigated for the first time. The fatty-acid compositions of the main lipid fractions and the glyceride composition of the triglyceride fraction have been determined. The main acids of all the fractions are the 16:0 and 18:1 acids and in the triglyceride fraction, additionally, the 18:2 acid. Diisobutyl phthalate has been found in the combined neutral lipids of the fungal mycelium.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University, Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 431–435, July–August, 1976.     

Amino acid compositions of proteins synthesized in vitro in the cell nuclei of eukaryotes

The proteins synthesized in vitro by the nuclei of animal and plant cells differ in their amino acid compositions. The differences found show the species specificity of the products.A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 669–671, September–October, 1990.     

Lipids ofZiziphora pedicellata

The amounts and compositions of the lipids, pigments, and fatty acids in the inflorescences, leaves, and stems and the total air-dry biomass ofZiziphora pedicellata Pazij. et Vved. have been established. The essential oil content of the biomass has been determined. A similarity of the qualitative composition of the lipids and pigments, an increase in the amount of unsaponifiable substances, and a substantial fall in the level of chlorophylls on the natural drying of the biomass have been found.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 806–809, November–December, 1997.     

Primary structure of subunit B of the 11S globulin of seeds of cotton plant variety 108-F. I. Acid-soluble peptides from complete tryptic hydrolysis of subunit B

The 11S globulin of cotton seeds consists of three types of subunits: A, B, and C. The complete tryptic hydrolysis of subunit B has given acid-soluble and acid-in-soluble peptides. The amino acid compositions and amino acid sequences of the acid-soluble peptides have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 88–93, January–February, 1984.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae. X. Induction of phytoalexins in the cotton plant by metabolites in the pathogen

The capacity of ten metabolites isolated from the culture liquid and mycelium of the phytopathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. and identified by chemical and spectral methods or of known chemical nature for inducing the synthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins in the cotton plant has been investigated for the first time. It has been established that the maximum inducing capacity among the metabolites investigated in the concentrations tried is possessed by elaidic acid and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. A considerable amount of phytoalexins is also induced under the action on the cotton plant of PCL-1 and a substance of carbohydrate nature. In view of the inducing capacity of the lipid component the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex we have studied its total lipid and fatty acid compositions. It has been shown that the compositions of the classes of neutral lipids of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium and the culture liquid do not differ fundamentally, while there are certain differences in the qualitative composition and quantitative amounts of fatty acids of the protein-lipoid-poly-saccharide complex and of the culture liquid, with the exception of the C_16:0 and C_18:0 acids, the amounts of which are approximately the same.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 397–406, May–June, 1980.     

Pigment components of Amaranthaceae

Water-soluble pigments have been isolated from the epigeal parts of some Amaranthaceae species. A method for their production has been developed and the amounts of the main coloring substances in them have been determined. Protein components have been isolated by the subsequent treatment of the residual raw material, and their amino acid compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 57–59, January–February, 1998.     

Extract ofelaeagnus angustifolia flowers

A hexane extract ofElaegnus angustifolia flowers has been investigated, and the class and fatty acid compositions of its lipoids have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 362–364, May–June, 1997.