Li_4Ti_5O_(12)纳米片的合成及储锂性能研究

以无定形的水合二氧化钛为前驱物,水热法合成了200～400nm大小的Li4Ti5O12纳米片作为锂离子电池负极材料.XRD(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)和TEM(透射电镜)分析表征样品的物相结构、表观形貌;循环伏安、充放电循环和电化学交流阻抗技术分别测定该纳米Li4Ti5O12在有机电解液和室温离子液体S114TFSI电解液中的电化学性能.结果表明,该材料具有较高的放电容量和良好的循环性能,有望成为锂二次电池新型负极材料.     

锂钛复合氧化物锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用 3种化学方法合成锂钛复合氧化物 .应用X -射线衍射分析对其结构进行表征以及电化学性能测试 ,结果表明 :由Li2 CO3、TiO2 高温合成的锂钛复合氧化物为尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5 O12 .Li4Ti5 O12 电极在 1 .5V左右有一放电平台 ,充放电可逆性良好 ,即充电电压平台与此接近 ,且电极的比容量较大 ,循环性能良好 .以 0 .30mA·cm- 2 充放电时 ,首次放电容量可达 30 0mAh·g- 1,可逆比容量为 1 0 0mAh·g- 1,经多次充放电循环后 ,其结构仍保持稳定性 .试验电池测试表明 ,Li4Ti5 O12 可选作Li4Ti5 O12 /LiCoO2 锂离子电池的负极材料 .     

高倍率尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12/TiN锂离子电池负极材料的合成及其电化学性能

以乙酰丙酮(ACAC)螯合剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12/TiN材料.考察了TiN膜对尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Li4Ti5O12表面的TiN膜进行了分析.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,Li4Ti5O12/TiN材料为结晶良好的亚微米纯相尖晶石型钛酸锂.电化学性能测试表明,该材料的首次放电比容量为173.0mAh·g-1,并且具有良好的循环性能,以0.2C、1C、2C、5C倍率放电进行测试,10次循环后比容量分别为170.6、147.6、135.6、111.0 mAh·g-1,较之表面无TiN膜的钛酸锂材料表现出更好的倍率特性.循环伏安曲线(CV),交流阻抗图谱(EIS)进一步论证了TiN膜改善了尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.     

高倍率尖晶石型Li_4Ti_5O_(l2)/TiN锂离子电池负极材料的合成及其电化学性能

以乙酰丙酮(ACAC)为螯合剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2/TiN材料.考察了TiN膜对尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Li4Ti5O12表面的TiN膜进行了分析.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,Li4Ti5Ol2/TiN材料为结晶良好的亚微米纯相尖晶石型钛酸锂.电化学性能测试表明,该材料的首次放电比容量为173.0mAh·g-1,并且具有良好的循环性能,以0.2C、1C、2C、5C倍率放电进行测试,10次循环后比容量分别为170.6、147.6、135.6、111.0mAh·g-1,较之表面无TiN膜的钛酸锂材料表现出更好的倍率特性.循环伏安曲线(CV),交流阻抗图谱(EIS)进一步论证了TiN膜改善了尖晶石型Li4Ti5Ol2锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的半固相法制备及碳包覆改性

由半固相法制得锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12,并研究了Li4Ti5O12的碳包覆改性.采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及HRTEM观察和分析产物的相结构与形貌.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的电化学性质.结果表明,Li4Ti5O12因颗粒团聚电化学性能严重下降,该电极在0.1C和0.5C首周期放电容量分别为121.7和87.6 mAh·g-1;碳包覆Li4Ti5O12/C材料呈球形分布,能抑制颗粒团聚,该电极倍率<0.5C时的放电比容量大于180 mAh·g-1,超过Li4Ti5O12的理论放电比容量(175 mAh·g-1);在1C、5C和10C倍率下,其容量仍保持在136、79.9和58.3 mAh·g-1,碳包覆改性材料具有优异的循环寿命和高倍率性能.     

N掺杂C包覆Li_4Ti_5O_(12)锂离子电池负极材料的制备与性能

以TiO2和Li2CO3分别作为钛源和锂源,聚苯胺(PANI)作为碳源和氮源,通过球磨辅助高温固相法合成N掺杂C包覆Li4Ti5O12.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、元素分析仪(EA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征,并将合成材料制成电极片组装成扣式电池,测试其电化学性能.结果显示,钛源的处理对样品的性能有影响,通过对TiO2预包覆合成的N掺杂C包覆Li4Ti5O12具有优异的电化学性能,在碳、氮源的包覆比例(PANI与Li4Ti5O12的质量比)为5%时效果最佳:1C放电时其比容量为157.6mA·h/g,20C放电时其比容量仍可达到119.6mA·h/g;在10C充放电循环100次后,其比容量保持率为97.8%,表明N掺杂C包覆Li4Ti5O12具有优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性.     

长寿命高倍率(Li_4Ti_5O_(12)-AC)/(LiMn_2O_4-AC)电池电容的制备及性能

以商业微米级锰酸锂(Li Mn2O4)为正极、钛酸锂(Li4Ti5O12)为负极,分别与商业活性炭(AC)复合,组装成软包装电池电容样品并进行电化学测试。测试结果表明,当样品正负极均复合AC时,其电化学性能要优于只有正极复合AC和未复合AC的样品。其中,正负极AC复合比例为5(wt)%,负极与正极的理论容量比(N/P)为1.01时,电池电容样品拥有良好的倍率性能,且其在0.5C时的放电比容量为56.4m Ah/g,5C时的容量保持率为0.5C的72.2%。此外,与未复合AC的样品相比,单体在5C倍率下经2000次循环后的容量保持率仍有77.5%,远高于前者的30.4%。     

高电压锂离子电池用环丁砜基高浓度电解液

本文介绍了一种含双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺锂(Li TFSI)和环丁砜(TMS)的高浓度电解液。采用FT-IR对样品进行结构表征,通过线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和循环伏安法(CV)研究电解液的电化学性能。结果表明,高浓度TMS/Li TFSI(摩尔比2∶1)电解液的电化学和化学稳定性良好,电化学窗口拓宽至5. 02V,可以有效抑制Al箔腐蚀,适用于5V级的镍锰酸锂(Li Ni_(0.5)Mn1. 5O4)正极材料。室温下,基于TMS/Li TFSI高浓度电解液的Li Ni_(0.5)Mn1. 5O4半电池经过大倍率充放电后,0. 1C的比容量基本回复到原始状态;在0. 2C的倍率下实现良好的循环,前25圈的库仑效率大于92%。     

长寿命、高倍率(Li4Ti5O12-AC)/( LiMn2O4-AC)电池电容的制备及性能研究

以商业微米级锰酸锂(LiMn2O4)为正极,钛酸锂(Li4Ti5O12)为负极,分别与商业活性炭(AC)复合,组装成软包装电池电容样品并进行电化学测试。测试结果表明：当样品正负极均复合AC时,其电化学性能要优于只有正极复合AC和未复合AC的样品。其中,正负极活性炭复合比例为5 wt.%,负极与正极的理论容量比(N/P)为1.01时,电池电容样品拥有良好的倍率性能,且其在0.5 C时的放电比容量为56.4 mAh/g,5 C时的容量保持率为0.5 C的72.2%。此外,与未复合AC的样品相比,单体在5 C倍率下经2000次循环后的容量保持率仍有77.5%,远高于前者的30.4%。     

Li_4Ti_5O_(12)亚微米球的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用

主要合成了具有尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12亚微米球电极材料,并研究了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.材料的制备分为三个步骤:TiCl4水解得到金红石相的TiO2,然后将得到的TiO2与LiOH进行水热反应得到中间相LiTi2O4+δ,最后将中间相高温煅烧得到尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12.采用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段对材料的结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,尖晶石相的Li4Ti5O12负极材料具有分级结构,是由20～30nm的小颗粒堆积成约为200～300nm的亚微米球.将制备的Li4Ti5O12材料进行恒电流充放电测试表明,材料具有优异的倍率放电性能和较好的循环可逆性;在1C充放电时,首次放电比容量达到174.3mAh/g,在第5～50次循环过程中仅有微小的不可逆容量损失.采用循环伏安法测得Li+的扩散系数为1.03×10-7cm2/s.研究表明合成的Li4Ti5O12亚微米球在高效可充电锂离子电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.