Experimental study of coherent transition radiation from relativistic electrons in a dihedral angle

Angular intensity distributions for transition radiation excited by a beam of relativistic electrons in the emitter in the form of a dihedral angle are measured in the millimeter range. The angle is formed by the intersection of two conducting planes. The source of radiation is a microtron with an electron energy of 7.4 MeV. We analyze the effect of the magnitude of the dihedral angle of the emitter, the position of the electron transition point on the surface of the angle, and the direction of motion of electrons on the angular distribution of radiation intensity. It is shown that the spectral and angular distributions of radiation intensity in the dihedral angle substantially differ from analogous distributions for a particle intersecting a planar conducting surface. The possibility of using radiation to measure the energy, spatial position, and direction of motion of charges is considered.     

Characteristics of terahertz coherent transition radiation generated from picosecond ultrashort electron bunches

This paper presents a method of generating terahertz (THz) coherent transition radiation (CTR) from picosecond ultrashort electron bunches including single and train bunches, which are produced by a photocathode radio frequency gun. The radiation characteristics of THz CTR including formation factor and energy spectrum are analysed in detail. With the help of a 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, the radiation characteristics including power, energy and magnetic field are analysed. The results show that the radiation frequency can be adjusted by tuning the repetition frequency of the train bunch and the energy can be enhanced with the train bunches.     

Characteristics of terahertz generated from picosecond coherent transition radiation ultrashort electron bunches

This paper presents a method of generating terahertz （THz） coherent transition radiation （CTR） from picosecond ultrashort electron bunches including single and train bunches, which are produced by a photocathode radio frequency gun. The radiation characteristics of THz CTR including formation factor and energy spectrum are analysed in detail. With the help of a 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, the radiation characteristics including power, energy and magnetic field are analysed. The results show that the radiation frequency can be adjusted by tuning the repetition frequency of the train bunch and the energy can be enhanced with the train bunches.     

Peculiarities of the spectral-angular distribution of transition radiation from a relativistic particle in a dihedral angle

The spatial distributions of transition radiation from relativistic particles entering and exiting the edge of a dihedral angle formed by perfectly conducting flat surfaces have been investigated. The angular distributions of the radiation intensity in dihedral angles with various opening angles have been calculated. The angular distributions of forward radiation (when the particle exits the dihedral angle) and backward radiation (when the particle enters the dihedral angle) are shown to differ significantly.     

Application of transition radiation in a small dihedral angle to detection of relativistic particles

The features of transition radiation excited by a relativistic particle in a dihedral angle with an opening comparable to the angular divergence of transition radiation are considered. It is shown that the radiation distribution in the dihedral angle is more sensitive to the direction of emitting particle motion and to the position of the surface intersection by the particle, than the radiation excited when a plane surface is intersected. It is indicated that the spectral radiation density in the small dihedral angle is higher than the density of radiation excited when a plane surface is intersected. These features offer additional opportunities to use transition radiation in systems for measuring particle parameters.     

Basic features of coherent radiation generated by relativistic charge bunches

Abstract

Radiation generated by relativistic charges can be analyzed and described in exquisite detail. One reason that such detailed analysis is possible is because the phases of radiated photons often are determined completely by the initial conditions of the relativistic charges and the radiating system. The phase relationships between the initial charges and the radiated photons represent coherence in the emitted radiation. A previous paper decribed how this coherence could affect the spatial and spectral distributions of radiation generated by a single charge in a periodic radiator. The present paper discusses a complementary issue; namely, how the temporal shape of a relativistic charge bunch can emphasize specific features of the radiation generated at a single interaction site.     

Spatial coherence in transition radiation from short electron bunches

The characteristics of coherent transition radiation that is generated by a “disk-shaped” electron bunch inclined with respect to the direction of its propagation have been considered. It has been shown that the angular distribution of transition radiation becomes asymmetric because of spatial coherence. For angles of inclination much larger than the characteristic emission angle equal to the inverse Lorentz factor, the angular distribution for wavelengths comparable to the longitudinal size of the bunch has a single maximum. In this case, the maximum of the yield of coherent transition radiation coincides with the inclination angle of the bunch.     

Spatial distribution of transition radiation of relativistic particles in the dihedral angle formed by perfectly conductive planes

Spatial distributions of transition radiation intensity of particles entering the dihedral angle and escaping from it are calculated. It was shown that radiation of escaping charge at any opening of the dihedral angle ?? is concentrated near the motion direction. If the particle enters the angle, the radiation distribution is defined by the opening angle. At opening angles ?? = ??/n, radiation is concentrated near the direction of actual charge motion when n is an even number and near the direction of image charge motion when n is an odd number. At other opening angles, the spatial distribution of entering particle radiation has two maxima whose positions are defined by the injection angle.     

Concerning experiments on coherent transition radiation by relativistic electrons

It is shown that the macroscopic transverse dimensions of the target can strongly influence the spectrum of transition radiation emitted by relativistic electrons in thin layers of matter and that the effect is extremely important in experiments on coherent transition radiation in the infrared. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, No. 8, 581–584 (25 April 1997)     

Stochastic extraction of periodic attosecond bunches from relativistic electron beams

Intense laser waves can form a time-dependent gate, which transmits or reflects particles depending on their initial phases. When faced by a relativistic electron beam, such a barrier slices it by randomly scattering all but some particles, which nearly conserve their velocity. Subfemtosecond or attosecond periodic electron bunches are then formed downstream and can be used, for example, to generate coherent x rays via Thomson backscattering of the laser light.     

Femtosecond undulator radiation from sliced electron bunches

At the 1.7-GeV electron storage ring BESSY II, a first source of synchrotron radiation with 100 fs pulse duration, variable (linear and circular) polarization, tunable photon energy (300 to 1400 eV), and excellent signal-to-background ratio was constructed and is now in routine operation.     

On the transition radiation and bremsstrahlung from a relativistic electron with a nonequilibrium field

The problem of the transition radiation from an electron with a nonequilibrium self-field appearing in view of the sharp scattering of the electron has been considered. It has been shown that the state of the electron with the nonequilibrium field is manifested in the suppression of transition radiation and in the oscillatory dependence of its characteristics on the distance from a plate on which radiation occurs to the scattering point. The problem of the measurement of the characteristics of bremsstrahlung under the conditions when macroscopic transverse distances are responsible for the scattering process has been considered. It has been shown that the results of the measurement in this case significantly depend on the size of the detector and on its position with respect to the scattering point.     

Emission of relativistic electron bunches in a circular diaphragmatic waveguide

The longitudinally uniform circular diaphragmatic waveguide (CDW) was considered. Expressions for determining the loaded Q-factor of lossy (Q _L1) and lossless (Q _L1⁰) cells and the loaded Q-factor Q _L of a section of length l were derived. An expression for determining the electrical amplitude of the radiation field produced by a relativistic bunch with charge q, moving along the axis of CDW with series resistance R _s was derived. The electron beam energy, radiation power, and electronic efficiency were calculated.     

利用渡越辐射研究超热电子束的传输特性

为了探索超热电子束的传输特性,利用光学CCD相机在靶背法线方向测量了光学渡越辐射积分成像图案。实验在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石激光器上进行,飞秒激光与固体靶作用后,靶表面发光信号由空间分辨装置聚焦成像并引到CCD狭缝上。在厚度为20 μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构,而且中心亮度高于周围,这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分,与理论模拟结果接近;在厚度为100 μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构,光斑较小,与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似;在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构,但光斑较大,而且极不均匀,中间有很明显的光斑分裂。     

利用渡越辐射研究超热电子束的传输特性

 为了探索超热电子束的传输特性,利用光学CCD相机在靶背法线方向测量了光学渡越辐射积分成像图案。实验在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石激光器上进行,飞秒激光与固体靶作用后,靶表面发光信号由空间分辨装置聚焦成像并引到CCD狭缝上。在厚度为20 μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构,而且中心亮度高于周围,这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分,与理论模拟结果接近;在厚度为100 μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构,光斑较小,与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似;在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构,但光斑较大,而且极不均匀,中间有很明显的光斑分裂。     

Spectrum of coherent transition radiation generated by a modulated electron beam

The spectrum of coherent transition radiation has been recorded with the use of a Martin–Puplett interferometer. It has been shown that the spectrum includes monochromatic lines that are caused by the modulation of an electron beam with the frequency of an accelerating radio-frequency field ν_RF and correspond to resonances at ν _k = kν_RF k ≤ 10. To determine the length of an electron bunch from the measurement of the spectrum from a single bunch, it is necessary to use a spectrometer with the resolution Δν_sp > ν_RF.     

Longitudinal beam distribution and coherent synchrotron radiation of relativistic electron clouds

The effect of the form of the longitudinal distribution of an electron beam on the characteristics of coherent synchrotron radiation is investigated. The spectral density and total power of the coherent synchrotron radiation are studied as functions of the dispersion and excess of the longitudinal distribution, as well as of the energy of the radiating particles.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 17–20, February, 1977.     

Spectrum broadening effect in coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate

Based on the dynamic diffraction theory [1], coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate at a constant velocity is considered in the Bragg geometry. In the general case of asymmetric reflection of the radiation from the target, expressions are derived for the spectral-angular distribution of parametric x-ray radiation (PXR) and diffraction transition radiation (DTR). For a fixed angle between the electron trajectory and the system of parallel atomic planes of the crystal (Bragg’s angle) it is shown that a decrease in the angle of electron incidence on the crystal plate gives rise to a significant increase in the PXR and DTR spectra, and the causes for spectral broadening for each of these radiation mechanisms are different. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 74–83, March, 2009.