Refraction of light in media

The roles of the magnetic field and electric field of the light are investigated when the light is refracted in the medium. The model of the electron cloud conductor is presented. Electron cloud in a molecule is treated as a conductor and the Faraday’s Law is applied to this conductor that is in the alternating magnetic field of the light. dB _M/dt of the light gives rise to an alternating induced current on the electron cloud conductor, and the light exchanges energy, i.e. the refractive energy, with the electron cloud conductor. Formulas of refractive index, which is the ratio of light speed in vacuum to that in the medium, are derived with this model. These formulas are tested with several mediums and Langevin’s diamagnetic susceptibility of helium gas, and the results are in good agreement with the measured data. The anisotropy and the nonlinearity of the refractive index are explained with the theory described in this work. Supported by Beijing Science and Technology New Star Program (Grant No. 952870400), the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education of China     

氩气折射率的理论计算

本文在考虑了电子间交换相互作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,根据变分原理确定了氩原子基态各电子的波函数,并利用电子云导体模型,计算了基态氩气的电子云等效体积和折射率,计算结果与实验值符合的很好.     

氩气折射率的理论计算

本文在考虑了电子间交换相互作用以及内外壳层电子的不同屏蔽效应的基础上,根据变分原理确定了氩原子基态各电子的波函数,并利用电子云导体模型,计算了基态氩气的电子云等效体积和折射率,计算结果与实验值符合的很好。     

First-principles study on the electronic structure and optical properties of CrSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Using the first principle methods based on the plane-wave pseudo-potential theory, band structure, density of states and optical properties of CrSi₂ were studied. The calculation of band structure shows that CrSi₂ is an indirect semiconductor whose band gap is 0.353 eV. Density of states is mainly composed of 3d electron of Cr and 3p electron of Si. Dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity, and absorption coefficient of CrSi₂ are also calculated. The calculation results of optical properties are in agreement with the experiments. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60566001), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050657003), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. (2005)383), the Program for Excellent Young Talents of Guizhou Province (No. 20050528), the Specialized Nomarch Research Fund for the Excellent Science and Technology and Education Talent’s Projects of Guizhou Province, the Scientific and Technological Projects for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Guizhou Province (Grant No. (2004)03), and the Top Talent’s Scientific Research Project of Organization Department of Guizhou Province.     

Simulation of Birefringence and Absorption in InGaAs-GaAs Multiple Quantum Well Acoustooptic Modulators Operating Near 980 nm

This paper presents the simulation of surface acoustic wave (SAW)-induced absorption coefficient and refractive index change in InGaAs-GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures operating near 980 nm. The exciton problem is solved in two dimensional momentum space to include the non-axial effect due to strain induced valance band mixing and nonparabolicity. The optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes near the band gap in the MQWs are calculated as a function of SAW power.     

共面双对称几何条件下Ne原子(e,2e)反应的三重微分截面

利用标准一阶扭曲波玻恩近似方法(DWBA)计算了共面双对称几何条件下不同能量电子碰撞电离Ne原子的三重微分截面(TDCS),与Nixon和Murray[1]最新的实验测量数据进行比较.当入射电子能量较低时,理论计算结果和实验数据符合较差;而随着入射电子能量的增加,符合程度逐渐改善.     

共面双对称几何条件下Ne原子(e,2e)反应的三重微分截面

利用标准一阶扭曲波玻恩近似方法（DWBA）计算了共面双对称几何条件下不同能量电子碰撞电离Ne原子的三重微分截面(TDCS),与Nixon和Murray 最新的实验测量数据进行比较.当入射电子能量较低时,理论计算结果和实验数据符合较差;随着入射电子能量的增加,而符合程度逐渐改善.     

Resonance inelastic scattering of an x-ray photon by a Ne-like atomic ion

The absolute values and the shape of the double differential cross sections of the resonance inelastic scattering of a linearly polarized x-ray photon in the energy region of the ionization threshold of the deep 1s shell of the Ne atom and the Si⁴⁺ and Ar⁸⁺ neon-like ions are calculated in the nonrelativistic approximation for the wave functions of one-electron states and in the dipole approximation for the scattering probability amplitude. The multiparticle effects of radial relaxation of electronic shells in the field of a deep vacancy and of stabilization of the deep vacancy as a neutral atom transforms to a multiply charged positive ion, as well as the effect of the spin-orbit splitting of the 2p valence shell, are taken into account. The calculation results are predictive in character.     

ZnO电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理计算

计算了ZnO电子结构和光学线性响应函数,从理论上给出了ZnO材料电子结构与光学性质的关系。所有计算都是基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法。利用精确计算的能带结构和态密度分析了带间跃迁占主导地位的ZnO材料的介电函数、反射谱、反射率以及消光率,理论结果与实验符合甚佳,为ZnO光电材料的设计与应用提供了理论依据。同时,计算结果也为精确监测和控制ZnO材料的生长过程提供了可能性。     

光子晶体光纤带隙及模场的一种综合模拟分析方法

提出直接由MATLAB读入光纤端面图实现复杂结构光子晶体光纤(PCF)模型的快速建立,并综合平面波法(PWM)和频域有限差分(FDFD)法,模拟分析带隙型光子晶体光纤(PBG-PCF)的带隙和模场分布.利用PWM计算得到了在PBG-PCF中传输的光波频率及模式有效折射率范围;基于FDFD法在给定波长及模式有效折射率范围情况下,模拟得到了PBG-PCF中可能存在的模场分布及其他特性.以市售的PBG-PCF为例,验证了数值模拟的正确性,随后系统地分析了结构参数(晶格结构、"原子"占有率、背景材料折射率及"原子 关键词： 光子晶体光纤(PCF) 光子带隙(PBG) 平面波法(PWM) 频域有限差分法(FDFD)     

Absorption Spectra and Refractive Index Changes of an Exciton in a Core/Shell Quantum Dot

The absorption spectra and the refractive index changes are calculated theoretically for an exciton in a core/shell quantum dot. The advantage of our methodology is that one can investigate the influence of the repulsive core by varying two parameters in the confinement potential. The dimensionality effect of exciton quantum dots on the optical absorptions has been studied. It has been found that in the same regime, the optical absorption intensities of excitons are much smaller for the core/shell quantum dots than for the two-dimensional quantum rings. The linear and the nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes have been examined with the change of the confinement potential. The results show that the optical absorptions and the refractive index changes are strongly affected by the repulsive core of core/shell quantum dots. Moreover, the calculated results also reveal that as the inner radius increases, the peak values of the absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes of an exciton will show the optical Aharonov–Bohm oscillation in core/shell quantum dots.     

First-principles study of the optical properties of PbTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The optical properties of PbTiO₃ were studied from first principles using the density functional theory. The dielectric functions and optical constants are calculated using the full potential–linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The theoretical calculated optical properties and energy loss (EEL) spectrum yield a static refractive index of 2.83 and a plasmon energy of 23.1 eV for cubic phase. The effective electron number at low energy saturates near 20 eV with the value of 18.1 for the effective electron number. In the tetragonal phase the static refractive index decreases to 2.59 and yields a plasmon energy of 22.7 eV.     

Photoelectron momentum distributions of Ne and Xe dimers in counter-rotating circularly polarized laser fields

The strong-field ionization of dimers is investigated theoretically in counter-rotating circularly polarized laser fields. By numerically solving the two-dimensional (2D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) with the single-electron approximation (SEA) frame, we present the photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) and photoelectron angular distribution (PADs) of aligned Ne and Xe dimers. It is found that the PMDs and PADs strongly depend on the time delays by counter-rotating circularly polarized laser pulses. The results can be explained by the ultrafast photoionization model and the evolution of electron wave packets for Ne and Xe dimers. Besides, We make a comparison of PMDs between Ne atom and Ne dimer.     

基态波函数对氦原子双电离微分截面的影响

文中采用氨原子的三种近似波函数,计算了入射电子能量为5599 eV时,敲出电子共面等能分享几何安排下,氦原子双电离He(e,3e)反应全微分截面.结果表明三种波函数的理论计算结果,在误差范围内都与实验数据基本吻合,其中采用Pluvinage波函数所得到的理论数据更接近实验数据.     

Study of N=20 shell gap with 1H(28Ne,27,28Ne) reactions

This paper reports on the ¹H(²⁸Ne,²⁸Ne) and ¹H(²⁸Ne,²⁷Ne) reactions studied at intermediate energy using a liquid hydrogen target. From the cross section populating the first 2⁺ excited state of ²⁸Ne, and using the previously determined B(E2) value, the neutron quadrupole transition matrix element has been calculated to be M_n=13.8 ±3.7 fm². In the neutron knock-out reaction, two low-lying excited states were populated in ²⁷Ne. Only one of them can be interpreted by the sd shell model while the additional state may intrude from the fp shell. These experimental observations are consistent with the presence of fp shell configurations at low excitation energy in ^27,28Ne nuclei caused by a vanishing N=20 shell gap at Z=10.     

基态波函数对氦原子双电离微分截面的影响

文中采用氦原子的三种近似波函数,计算了入射电子能量为5599eV时,敲出电子共面等能分享几何安排下,氦原子双电离He（e,3e）反应全微分截面.结果表明三种波函数的理论计算结果,在误差范围内都与实验数据基本吻合,其中采用Pluvinage波函数所得到的理论数据更接近实验数据.     

电子碰撞Ne和类Ne离子电离的三重微分截面理论研究

采用扭曲波玻恩近似理论计算了共面对称几何条件下类Ne离子2p轨道电子在不同出射电子能量下的(e,2e)反应三重微分截面,出射电子能量分别为3,5,7.5,10,15,20,30和50 eV.计算结果表明,随着出射电子能量的增大和核电荷数Z的增大,三重微分截面的幅度逐渐减小.除Ne以外,对其他离子,在出射电子角度为150?附近出现了一个新的结构,对比不同出射电子能量时的(e,2e)反应三重微分截面,发现这个结构的幅度随着出射电子的能量先增大后减小,文中用一种两次两体碰撞过程对这些现象进行了解释.     

Modelling of sensitivity of plasmon sensory elements based on silver nanoparticles obtained by laser evaporation and ablation

A comparison of the sensitivity of the spectral position of plasmon resonance calculated by numerical methods to a change in the refractive index of the environment for ellipsoidal and spherical silver nanoparticles with a dielectric shell synthesized by laser ablation has been performed. It has been shown that sensitivity is higher for nanoparticles with the shape of a prolate ellipsoid than for spherical nanoparticles. The modeling has shown that the optimal thickness of the dielectric shell should be 10–12 nm and its refractive index should be 1.6. With this, a sensitivity of the plasmon sensor of 32 nm/RIU (RIU is refractive index unit) may be provided.     

Optical and electrical properties of InGaZnON thin films

The substrate temperature(T_s)and N_2 partial pressure(P_(N2))dependent optical and electrical properties of sputtered InGaZnON thin films are studied.With the increased T_s and P_(N2),the thin film becomes more crystallized and nitrified.The Hall mobility,free carrier concentration(Ne),and electrical conductivity increase with the lowered interfacial potential barrier during crystal growing.The photoluminescence(PL)intensity decreases with the increased Ne.The band gap(Eg)narrows and the linear refractive index(n1)increases with the increasing concentration of N in the thin films.The Stokes shift between the PL peak and absorption edge decreases with Eg.The n1,dispersion energy,average oscillator wavelength,and oscillator length strength all increase with n1.The single oscillator energy decreases with n1.The nonlinear refractive index and third order optical susceptibility increase with n1.The Seebeck coefficient,electron effective mass,mean free path,scattering time,and plasma energy are all Ne dependent.     

利用色散法探索玻尔氢原子理论测量普朗克常数

普朗克常数是物理学中一个重要的常数,利用测角仪器分光计,探索用玻尔氢原子理论来测普朗克常数。根据最小偏向角测量三棱镜折射率的原理,利用分光计测量三棱镜的折射率来研究光的色散规律,测量棱镜材料对不同波长入射光的折射率,得到棱镜材料的色散曲线和拟合方程。根据玻尔的氢原子理论,用分光计测出氢原子光谱四条谱线（α,β,γ,δ）的偏向角对应的折射率,由科西经验公式计算出相应的波长。