磁流体加速和磁流体加速风洞

高超声速飞行器对于更高飞行速度的追求，给地面风洞设备模拟能力提出了新的要求，磁流体加速成为一个重要突破方向.文章介绍了国内外在磁流体加速基本原理以及磁流体加速技术应用于地面风洞试验方面的研究工作.基于磁流体（magneto-hydro-dynanic，MHD）加速的高超声速风洞设备可以模拟高超声速飞行器的试验条件，复现超高速的飞行环境，是突破超高速飞行器再入研究地面试验模拟能力的关键技术，在航空航天领域具有重要的研究意义和应用前景.      

铁磁和反铁磁双层膜中铁磁共振的研究

采用微磁学理论研究了铁磁/反铁磁双层膜中的铁磁共振现象.本模型将铁磁薄层抽象为一个单晶,具有立方磁晶各向异性和单轴磁晶各向异性,而反铁磁层视为厚度趋近于半无穷,且只有单轴磁晶各向异性.推导出了该系统的铁磁共振频率和频率谱宽度的解析式.数值计算表明,铁磁共振模式分两支,取决于立方磁晶各向异性.而界面的交换耦合,是磁易轴具有单向性的起因.     

黏性各向异性磁流体Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性:二维数值研究

利用corner transport upwind和constrained transport算法求解非理想磁流体动力学方程组,对匀强平行磁场作用下,黏性各向异性等离子体自由剪切层中的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性进行了数值模拟.从流动结构、涡结构演化、磁场分布、横向磁压力、抗弯磁张力等角度对各向同性和各向异性黏性算例结果进行了讨论,分析了黏性各向异性对Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的影响.结果表明,黏性各向异性比黏性各向同性更利于流动的稳定.其稳定性作用是由于磁感线方向上剪切速率降低导致界面卷起程度和圈数的降低,并使卷起结构中小涡产生增殖、合并,破坏了涡的常规增长,从而导致流动的稳定.黏性各向异性对横向磁压力的影响比对抗弯磁张力更大.     

水中空气隔层衰减冲击波性能研究

 根据鱼雷对舰船毁伤的特点,建立了多介质水下爆炸数值模型,提出了交界面处理及广义光滑长度计算方法,编制了多介质水下爆炸计算程序,并对水下爆炸空气隔层衰减冲击波的性能进行了定量分析。结果表明：无论是接触爆炸还是非接触爆炸,空气隔层均可有效衰减冲击波,并且接触爆炸中空气隔层衰减冲击波的效果更好,最大可使冲击压力峰值降低约55%;空气隔层厚度与爆炸厚度之比为1时便可达到较好的衰减冲击波效果,继续增加空气隔层厚度对衰减冲击波效果影响不大。研究结果可为舰船结构防护及防雷舱的结构设计提供参考。     

宽带铁磁流体电动式声源

本文阐明了铁磁流体电动式声源的换能机理．我们详细地研究了它的磁路结构，及在振动活塞上安置一个大的橡皮充气球泡，它能提高低频的辐射效率．这声源具有4个倍频程的低频宽带发射响应     

气冷电流引线气流不均衡分配条件下运行参数研究

气冷电流引线被广泛的应用于许多大型超导磁体及其它一些超导装置中．由于引线实际制作过程中的差异或者超导装置本身的一些问题，正负两个引线之间或者同一引线的不同流道之间都存在着冷却气流分配上的不均衡．超导装置中除电流引线外的其他低温热源也可能使流经引线的冷却气流处于非正常状态．所有这些都会使电流引线的实际工作状况偏离最优化设计．本文用数值模拟的方法对非最优化冷却气流条件下的电流引线运行状况进行了研究，分析了冷却气流偏离最优化程度与引线实际运行参数之间的影响关系．     

磁流体密封泄放压与外磁场变化关系的研究

根据实验室研制的磁流体密封装置，采用自制煤油基磁流体，通过多次实验初步探索到磁体泄放压与外磁场之间的变化规律。     

磁流体SERS超灵敏检测鱼表面农药残留

将表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱与磁性流体的结合应用于SERS即时(POC)检测,首先将银纳米粒子修饰到磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面制备磁性等离子体(AgMNPs)。AgMNPs的强磁响应性能够快速分离和检测鱼皮表面的目标分析物。制备了具有不同腔体的微流体芯片,通过磁场限制磁流体在不同腔体内的分布,从而增强了SERS信号并将检测限提高了两个数量级。磁性流体POC传感器以优异的选择性和低至皮摩尔级的高灵敏度成功检测到鱼中的孔雀石绿(MG)。实现了一种无标记、无损的光学传感方法,具有检测食品或环境中各种有害成分的潜力。     

二维气/液界面不稳定性数值模拟

 以多介质的体积分数方法和三阶PPM（Piecewise Parabolic Method）方法为基础,给出了适用于多介质流体动力学数值模拟的计算方法和程序MFPPM。利用MFPPM程序对在高压气体冲击作用下的气体/液体交界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM）不稳定性及其引起的流体混合现象进行了数值模拟研究。主要研究在不同的初始扰动情况下流体混合区的发展,并细致研究了流体混合区的宽度、气泡和尖钉高度随时间的增长情况及不同初始扰动对它们的影响;同时还研究了网格尺度不同时混合区、气泡以及尖钉的构型和高度的增长情况。通过对计算结果的分析得出,流体混合区、气泡以及尖钉的发展与初始扰动有密切的关系,特别是在后期影响更为显著;混合区宽度的变化过程和尖钉相似,而气泡高度的变化基本上呈线性增长趋势,且受初始扰动的影响比较小,但是其构型却有明显差别;网格的影响也主要体现在对混合区、气泡和尖钉的构型上。     

磁流体光栅的原理

 光栅是一个重要的光学器件,它在科学技术中得到了广泛的应用。利用磁流体制造光栅是近代的新技术。它具有精确度高、开口形状可变、制造设备价格低廉、造出速度快等优点,本文介绍光栅及其制造的方法,突出介绍磁流体光栅的原理和制造方法。一、光栅及其分类一般地,把等间距、周期性间隙的格栅称为衍射光栅(简称光栅),用白光照射它,就会观察到彩虹状衍射现象。     

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Based on the superparamagnetism of the ferrofluid which can receive the magnetic force after magnetization by the magnetic field, and there is no magnetic hysteresis after demagnetization, this paper presents a dynamic control method of the ferrofluid. The electromagnetic field is directly added to ferroliquid-column in the air domain to achieve the dynamic deflection. The surface tension, gravity force and magnetic force are added to the modified N-S control equation, and the magnetic induction equation is combined. The ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) model is established. The model of volume of fluid (VOF) is presented to describe ferrofluid jetting in the air domain with the secondary development of fluent. The liquid phase distribution and dispersion of ferrofluid are simulated under different magnetic field intensity. The effect of magnetism on its dynamical behavior is analyzed. The results show that with the increase of magnetic field intensity and jet distance, the ferrofluid velocity along the magnetic field direction and the offset increase, and its dispersion is gradually obvious.     

Experimental investigation for enhanced ferrofluid heat transfer under magnetic field effect

This paper reports an experimental work on the convective heat transfer of ferrofluid flowing through a heated copper tube in the laminar regime in the presence of magnetic field. Significant enhancement on the heat transfer of ferrofluid by applying various orders of magnetic field is observed in this experiment. Also in this experiment, the effect of magnetic nanoparticles concentrations and magnet position have been investigated. The main reason for the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient could be caused due to remarkable changes in thermophysical properties of ferrofluid under the influence of applied magnetic field.     

Using genetic algorithms to characterize ferrofluid topographies in externally applied magnetic fields

Both ferrofluidics and genetic algorithms are relatively new fields. Due to complex physical interactions, ferrofluidic topographies and assemblies have only been solved using finite time step, Lattice Boltzmann, and finite-element methods in very simple magnetic field configurations. In this paper, we show that it is possible (and highly advantageous) to employ genetic algorithms to solve for the fluid topographies, which can be extended to include more complex magnetic fields.     

X-ray microtomography of field-induced macro-structures in a ferrofluid

X-ray microtomography is used to visualize, in-situ, the three-dimensional nature of the magnetic field induced macro-structures (>1 μm) inside a bulk (∼1 mm diameter) magnetite-particle-mineral oil ferrofluid sample. Columnar structures of ∼10 μm diameter were seen under a 0.35 kG applied magnetic field, while labyrinth type structures ∼4 μm in width were seen at 0.55 kG. The structures have height/width aspect ratios >100. The results show that the magnetite volume fraction is not constant within the structures and on average is considerably less than a random sphere packing model.     

Low-field DC-magnetization study of Ho-doped Mn–Zn ferrite ferrofluid

The physical and magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles are crucial for their effectiveness and reliability in biomedical applications. In this article, we report the synthesis of a stable Ho-substituted Mn–Zn ferrite ferrofluid and its physical and magnetic properties. Substitution by rare earth metal plays an important role in determining the magneto-crystalline anisotropy in 4f-3d inter-metallic compounds. Ho³⁺ substitution not only enhanced the magnetic anisotropy but also produced strong spin frustration at low temperature. The field dependence of blocking temperature shows H^2/3 dependency in the entire range of field, i.e., 10–700 Oe, indicating the emergence of Ising spins characteristics in the present system.     

Preparation and characterization of silicon oil based ferrofluid

Stable silicon oil based ferrofluid was prepared in the present investigation. Silicon oil surfactant ethoxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane was used to modify the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were firstly coated with a SiO₂ layer by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane. Then using the active hydroxyl groups on the surface of the SiO₂, silicon oil surfactant was covalently grafted onto the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles surface. The ethoxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane has similar molecular chain structure and good compatibility with that of the carrier liquid, thus ensuring stable dispersion of modified Fe₃O₄ in the carrier silicon oil. The interaction between Fe₃O₄ and the modifier was characterized by IR and XPS. The crystal structure and the magnetic properties of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were determined by XRD and VSM, respectively. The size and morphology of the particles were observed using TEM. The properties of the silicon oil based ferrofluid were characterized by Gouy magnetic balance. The results indicated that the ferrofluid had high magnetism and good stability. The rheological properties and thermostability of the ferrofluid were also investigated.     

Magnetite ferrofluid with high specific absorption rate for application in hyperthermia

A magnetite ferrofluid coated by dextran with a high specific absorption rate (SAR) of 75 W/g in an AC field of 55 kHz and 200 Oe was prepared by the gel crystallization method with ultrasonic treatment. For comparison, uncoated magnetite particles with a mean diameter of 50 nm were also fabricated. Several possible mechanisms such as Brownian, Neel and diffusion relaxation processes on heating effects and their influence on SAR are discussed. Several factors which can increase the value of SAR were discussed, including dextran coating, ultrasonic treatment, proper particle size and the presence of defects and disorder in the particles.     

The stability of ferrofluid flow in a vertical layer subject to lateral heating and horizontal magnetic field

We use the Langevin law of magnetization to study the linear stability of a convective flow in a flat vertical layer of ferrofluid subject to a transverse temperature gradient and a uniform magnetic field. The stability of the flow against planar, spiral and three-dimensional perturbations is examined, and the stability boundaries and characteristics of critical disturbances are determined. The competition between the monotonic mode and two types of wave modes is analyzed taking into account the properties of the fluid (magnetic susceptibility and Prandtl number) and the magnetic field strength. The domain of parameters where the oscillatory thermomagnetic wave instability exists is found.     

Correlation for Nusselt number in pure magnetic convection ferrofluid flow in a square cavity by a numerical investigation

Magnetic convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional square cavity induced by magnetic field gradient is investigated numerically using a semi-implicit finite volume method. The side walls of the cavity are heated with different temperatures, the top and bottom walls are isolated, and a permanent magnet is located near the bottom wall. Thermal buoyancy-induced flow is neglected due to the nongravity condition on the plane of the cavity. Conditions for the different values of non-dimensional variables in a variety of ferrofluid properties and magnetic field parameters are studied. Based on this numerical analysis, a general correlation for the overall Nusselt number on the side walls is introduced for a wide range of effective parameters. Results showed that maximum error produced by use of this correlation is about 6 percent.     

Numerical investigation of optically induced microconvection in thin ferrofluid layers

We consider a periodic concentration grating induced in a thin layer of ferrofluid by an optical grating of interfering laser beams under the action of an externally applied uniform magnetic field. The direction of the applied field is parallel to the concentration gradient. Under certain conditions microconvective instability may develop during relaxation of the grating, driven by the internal demagnetizing field due to the nonhomogenous distribution of concentration. A series of numerical simulations has been performed to determine the role of microconvection in the dissipation of the concentration grating.