多孔聚离子液体的合成与应用

聚离子液体(Poly(ionic liquid)s,PIL)是分子结构中含有离子液体结构单元的一类离子聚合物,兼具离子液体小分子的离子电导性和聚合物可加工性能。多孔聚离子液体材料(Porous PILs),结合了多孔材料大比表面积和聚离子液体的导电性及离子交换等特性,在功能高分子材料、电化学响应材料以及能源科学等领域表现出广泛的应用前景。本文综述了多孔聚离子液体的分子设计与合成方法,及其在智能响应材料、水处理、高效催化、多孔碳材料、生物医用材料等领域的潜在应用。     

硫化聚合物锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

用单质硫对聚合物进行硫化,可以制备具有电化学活性的导电高分子材料.这些材料用作锂离子电池正极活性材料,可获得较高的比容量.综述了聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚乙烯、聚乙炔、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈等聚合物通过单质硫在200～360℃下硫化所制得的导电高分子材料的电化学特性.     

磷酰胆碱改性聚合物*

合成与天然磷脂结构相类似的高分子材料,以提高生物医用高分子材料的生物相容性是开发生物材料的一个重要方向。该类基于仿细胞膜外层结构设计合成的磷酰胆碱改性聚合物已成为一个新的研究热点。本文综述了磷酰胆碱聚合物的合成方法以及磷酰胆碱对各种聚合物体系的改性方法,及其在组织工程、血液净化、药物控释、生物传感器等相关方面的应用,并展望了磷酰胆碱改性聚合物未来的研究发展及应用的前景与趋势。     

电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究的综合化学实验

为将导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料引入到本科教学实验中，设计了综合探究性高分子材料制备实验——电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究。首先采用电化学法构筑导电高分子聚苯胺纳米阵列；然后运用紫外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电化学工作站等，分别对聚苯胺阵列的化学结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。从材料的合成角度来看，该实验可以使学生了解和掌握电化学合成导电聚合物的机理与方法；从材料的结构和性能表征方面来看，可以使学生学习和操作科研类的大型仪器设备，对学生的动手操作能力具有实质性的锻炼。此外，该综合性实验很好地将化学制备与材料的应用相结合，方法简单，耗时短，重复性好，可作为高分子类专业本科生综合探究性实验开设。     

生物分子响应性高分子材料

在智能高分子材料中,生物分子响应性高分子能够在糖类、多肽和酶等生物分子的刺激下发生宏观性质(如:体积、表面浸润性和硬度等)的大幅转变。生物分子响应性聚合物材料包括水凝胶、共聚物膜等类型,一般通过与生物分子间的氢键、分子间作用力等弱相互作用实现响应过程,在组织工程、功能材料、生物传感、药物可控释放等领域有广泛应用前景,吸引了大量科研人员的关注。与传统外源性刺激(温度、pH、光等)相比,生物分子作为刺激源的智能高分子材料具有更好的靶向性和生物相容性,能满足生物医用材料在人体内的应用,可以作为开发新一代精准药物的靶向释放平台。本文分别对糖类、蛋白、酶和DNA四类生物分子响应性高分子材料的结构设计、响应机制及相关应用进行概述,并对生物分子响应性高分子的发展方向作了展望。     

本征导电聚合物开发的最新进展

本征导电聚合物是一种新型功能高分子材料 ,因具有独特的化学、电化学和光学性能 ,在能源、电磁屏蔽和电致发光等领域有着广阔的应用前景 .本文扼要综述本征导电聚合物的开发现状和目前存在的问题 ,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望     

“活性”/可控自由基聚合反应制备聚合物-蛋白质/多肽生物结合物

将蛋白质或多肽连接到高分子链上,能够改善蛋白质/多肽的稳定性、生物相溶性和溶解性而赋予其优异的应用性能,所得聚合物-蛋白质/多肽生物结合物已经被广泛应用于药物载体、生物材料、纳米材料等领域。本文介绍借助"活性"/可控自由基聚合反应制备新型功能高分子材料的原理与方法,以及其合成聚合物-蛋白质/多肽生物结合物的国内外研究进展。     

高分子微球在电化学领域的应用

本文综述了近几年来高分子微球在电化学领域应用的研究进展。分别介绍了电场作用下微球悬浮液反射光谱的变化,包覆导电聚合物高分子微球的振荡电流和循环伏安特征和二茂铁基高分子微球电极反应的粒径效应,并对各类微球悬浮液的电化学行为及电极反应模型进行阐述。综述表明高分子微球电化学具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚合物刷与生物分子相互作用的研究进展

聚合物刷是由一端紧密接枝在一个曲面或平面的聚合物链组成的大分子结构。近年来,随着聚合物制备方法和表面修饰技术的不断发展,聚合物刷的应用范围也在不断拓宽,相关研究已成为功能高分子材料领域的热点之一。具有特殊结构和功能的聚合物刷在生物分子固定、蛋白质分离、酶催化、药物控释等方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了聚合物刷与生物分子相互作用及应用的最新研究进展,并展望了今后的发展方向。     

碲化镉纳米晶与聚合物复合研究进展

综述了近年来半导体纳米晶CdTe/聚合物复合材料在电致发光器件和复合发光材料方面的研究和应用进展情况,详细介绍了CdTe与水溶性高分子,非水溶性高分子以及生物大分子的复合情况,并展望了其发展前景。     

Programmed Photodegradation of Polymeric/Oligomeric Materials Derived from Renewable Bioresources

Renewable polymeric materials derived from biomass with built‐in phototriggers were synthesized and evaluated for degradation under irradiation of UV light. Complete decomposition of the polymeric materials was observed with recovery of the monomer that was used to resynthesize the polymers.     

The Potential of Microencapsulated Self-healing Materials for Microcracks Recovery in Self-healing Composite Systems: A Review

The autonomic self-healing materials based on microcapsules have made major advancements for the repairing of microcracks in polymers and polymer composite systems. Self-healing encapsulated materials have the inborn ability to heal polymeric composites after being damaged by chemical and mechanical progressions. These intelligent micro-encapsulated self-healing materials possess great capabilities for recovering the mechanical as well aesthetic properties and barrier properties of the polymeric structures. Based on real world observations and experimental data, it is believed that microcracks and microcracking in polymeric materials can result because of many chemical and physical routes and is one of the foremost critical issues for polymeric materials. Especially in polymeric coatings, these microcracks can lead towards disastrous failure, and conventional healing systems like patching and welding cannot be used to repair microcracks at such a micro-level. Self-healing materials, especially, capsule based self-healing materials is a new field sought as an alternative to the conventional repairing techniques, requiring no manual intrusion and uncovering. This review covers the basic and major aspects of the microencapsulated self-healing approach like the effect of synthesis parameters on the size of microcapsules, healing efficiency determination, and the potential of the existing developed microencapsulated agents.     

Recent progress in the development of polymers for white light-emitting polymer devices

Much effort has been devoted to the design and synthesis of polymers for use in flat panel display, solid state lighting, transistors, and photovoltaic devices. Especially, development of white light emitting polymeric materials has recently attracted much interest owing to their possible use in lighting application and backlights for flat panel displays. White emission has been obtained from polymeric molecules, small organic molecules, organometallic molecules, and phosphor-based or quantum dot-based inorganic molecules. Among materials used in white light emitting diodes, we summarize the white light emitting polymeric materials synthesized and published till December 2007.     

Theoretical Modeling of Mechanical Resistance and Stability and Related Characteristics of Polymeric Systems with Branching/Cross-Linking

A theoretical (thermodynamic) method for the estimation of mechanical characteristics of polymeric systems is proposed. This method uses the statistical polymer method for modeling of branched/cross-linked structures. The weak interaction between macromolecules is modeled in the approach of their mutual interpenetration. The proposed method is used for the estimation of mechanical resistance and stability of microporous polymeric materials. An engineer method for the evaluation of mechanical stability and resistance of polymeric materials is derived.     

Polymers for tissue engineering,medical devices,and regenerative medicine. Concise general review of recent studies

Recently investigated applications of polymeric materials for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, implants, stents, and medical devices are described in the present review. Papers published during the last 2 years about polymeric materials used for preparation of various polymeric scaffolds, methods of fabrication of such scaffolds and their effectiveness in providing support for cell growth and development into various tissues and enhancing or mimicking an extracellular network (ECM's) have been cited. Papers describing the use of such polymeric materials for tissue engineering of cartilage and bones were cited. The exciting developments in the field of regenerative medicine, based on application of the self‐assembled biocompatible polymeric scaffolds for regeneration of tissues and organs are described in some detail. The use of the biocompatible and biodegradable collapsible polymeric stents, as well as the use of biocompatible, but not necessarily biodegradable polymeric materials for protective coatings of metallic stents and reservoirs of drugs, preventing restenosis and other post‐operative complications that may occur after insertion of a stent, have been reviewed. Clinical results pointing out the advantages of such treatments, as well as results indicating their limitations, have been cited. New formulas, for coating implants, stents, and other medical devices, have been discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal and spectral properties of natural bentonites and their applications as reinforced nanofillers in polymeric materials

This study deals with possibility of the applications of inorganic substances specifically natural bentonite in function of reinforced nanofillers in polymeric materials. X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TG, DSC and DTA) were used to characterize natural bentonite in more detail. At the prepared model, rubber compounds with various amounts of added filler were determinated vulcanization characteristics and physical–mechanical properties. The measured values were compared with the values of commercially used polymeric materials with the original composition.     

化学键组装稀土/无机/有机聚合物杂化光功能材料的最新研究进展

本文针对近五年来光功能稀土/无机/有机聚合物杂化材料的最新进展进行了评述,其重点着眼于高分子化合物作为构筑基元的发光稀土杂化材料体系的化学键组装.内容主要涉及稀土有机高分子杂化材料、配位键构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料、共价键构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料、自由基聚合构筑的稀土/无机/有机高分子杂化材料几个重要方面.主要结合我们自己的近期研究工作,通过系统总结来展现该领域的研究现状并提出未来展望.     

Poly(ruthenium carbonyl spirobifluorenylporphyrin): a new polymer used as a catalytic device for carbene transfer

Oxidative electropolymerization of tetraspirobifluorenyl porphyrin ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes can be used to coat Pt electrodes with polymeric films; after being removed from the electrode, these polymeric materials are able to catalyze the heterogeneous cyclopropanations and 2,3 sigmatropic rearrangements with ethyl diazoacetate.     

Polymeric composite systems modified with allotropic forms of carbon (review)

Most widely occurring classes of carbon nanoparticles used to create polymeric composite systems are considered. The possibility is demonstrated of using “polymer-carbon nanoparticles” composites for raising the level of mechanical properties of polymeric materials, creating friction units with improved tribological characteristics, developing new electrochemical, microelectronic, and optical devices, and modifying barrier properties of polymeric membranes. Methods for treatment of nanoparticles to provide their compatibility with polymeric matrices and preclude their aggregation are discussed.